scholarly journals Forehead Tactile Hallucination Is Augmented by the Perceived Risk and Accompanies Increase of Forehead Tactile Sensitivity

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8246
Author(s):  
Jeonghee Kim ◽  
Derrick Knox ◽  
Hangue Park
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Tactile Sensitivity ◽  
Experimental Setting ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Complicating Factors

Tactile hallucinations frequently occur after mental illnesses and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Despite their common occurrence, there are several complicating factors that make it difficult to elucidate the tactile hallucinations. The forehead tactile hallucination, evoked by the physical object approaching to the forehead, can be easily and consistently evoked in healthy-bodied subjects, and therefore it would help with investigating the mechanism of tactile hallucinations. In this pilot study, we investigated the principles of the forehead tactile hallucination with eight healthy subjects. We designed the experimental setup to test the effect of sharpness and speed of objects approaching towards the forehead on the forehead tactile hallucination, in both a physical and virtual experimental setting. The forehead tactile hallucination was successfully evoked by virtual object as well as physical object, approaching the forehead. The forehead tactile hallucination was increased by the increase of sharpness and speed of the approaching object. The forehead tactile hallucination also increased the tactile sensitivity on the forehead. The forehead tactile hallucination can be solely evoked by visual feedback and augmented by the increased perceived risk. The forehead tactile hallucination also increases tactile sensitivity. These experimental results may enhance the understanding of the foundational mechanisms of tactile hallucinations.

scholarly journals The association between the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitters and personality traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Delvecchio ◽  
M. Bellani ◽  
A. C. Altamura ◽  
P. Brambilla
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Normal Personality ◽  
The Impact

Evidence from previous studies has reported that complex traits, including psychiatric disorders, are moderately to highly heritable. Moreover, it has also been shown that specific personality traits may increase the risk to develop mental illnesses. Therefore the focus of the research shifted towards the identification of the biological mechanisms underpinning these traits by exploring the effects of a constellation of genetic polymorphisms in healthy subjects. Indeed, studying the effect of genetic variants in normal personality provides a unique means for identifying candidate genes which may increase the risk for psychiatric disorders. In this review, we discuss the impact of two of the most frequently studied genetic polymorphisms on personality in healthy subjects, the 5-HTT polymorphism of the serotonin transporter and the DRD2/DRD4 polymorphisms of the D2/D4 dopamine's receptors. The main aims are: (a) to highlight that the study of candidate genes provides a fruitful ground for the identification of the biological underpinnings of personality without, though, reaching a general consensus about the strength of this relationship; and (b) to outline that the research in personality genetics should be expanded to provide a clearer picture of the heritability of personality traits.

A Web Service Enabled Framework for RFID Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 3083-3086
Author(s):  
Sheng Pu Li ◽  
Xiao Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Web Service ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lightweight Framework ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Rfid Applications

RFID can give a unique digital identifier to real physical object, and bridges the physical world with the virtual digital world. Based on the analysis on our experience of RFID applications, some common key issues and requirements of RFID application are presented. A lightweight framework based on Web Service to support ubiquitous RFID application of medicine logistics is designed and implemented. This lightweight framework provides the integration of RFID technology and other holistic applications. Virtual object is used to map the real physical world object and the virtual digital object. Experiment result is given and some future research directions are discussed.

The study of complex stereognostic feelings in clinical practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Михайлов ◽  
I. Mikhaylov
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tactile Sensitivity ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Adequacy Assessment ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
Tentative Diagnosis

The work is devoted to the author´s method of investigation of tactile sensitivity, within its stereognostic sense, implemented by means of the original three-dimensional figures. It describes the types and forms of figures, especially, the study of the process of multi-component sensory tactile sensitivity. The author gives are examples of the evaluation and interpretation of the results, comparison with clinical data and instrumental methods of research. Testing is conducted on 470 practically healthy subjects and 232 patients with physical, psycho-neurological, psychiatric pathology by means of electrophysiological studies (electroneuromyography, evoked potentials, rheoencephalography, rheovasography), neuroimaging (magnetic resonance imaging).The proposed method of the study can be used for various types of medical examination (medical, military-medical, medical and social). It allows to carry out a differential - tentative diagnosis of several diseases (damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems, post-traumatic, vertebrogenic, endocrine, vascular, psychosomatic, psychiatric genesis of occupational diseases). The advantages of the technique are the adequacy assessment of the dynamics of the disease during treatment and (or) rehabilitation applicability in ambulatory - polyclinic con-ditions. The method can be used for the purpose of professional selection and vocational guidance, including in professions that demand a great deal of difficult-coordinated fine manipulative actions, an important component of which is tactile sensory afferentation (watch plants, jewelry businesses).

scholarly journals Multi-Fingered Grasping and Manipulation in Virtual Environments Using an Isometric Finger Device

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorij Kurillo ◽  
Matjaž Mihelj ◽  
Marko Munih ◽  
Tadej Bajd
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Input Device ◽  
Haptic Information ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Post Stroke

In this article we present a new isometric input device for multi-fingered grasping in virtual environments. The device was designed to simultaneously assess forces applied by the thumb, index, and middle finger. A mathematical model of grasping, adopted from the analysis of multi-fingered robot hands, was applied to achieve multi-fingered interaction with virtual objects. We used the concept of visual haptic feedback where the user was presented with visual cues to acquire haptic information from the virtual environment. The virtual object corresponded dynamically to the forces and torques applied by the three fingers. The application of the isometric finger device for multi-fingered interaction is demonstrated in four tasks aimed at the rehabilitation of hand function in stroke patients. The tasks include opening the combination lock on a safe, filling and pouring water from a glass, muscle strength training with an elastic torus, and a force tracking task. The training tasks were designed to train patients' grip force coordination and increase muscle strength through repetitive exercises. The presented virtual reality system was evaluated in a group of healthy subjects and two post-stroke patients (early post-stroke and chronic) to obtain overall performance results. The healthy subjects demonstrated consistent performance with the finger device after the first few trials. The two post-stroke patients completed all four tasks, however, with much lower performance scores as compared to healthy subjects. The results of the preliminary assessment suggest that the patients could further improve their performance through virtual reality training.

The Effects of Manipulating Verbal Suggestions on Physical Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Carlino ◽  
Fabrizio Benedetti ◽  
Antonella Pollo
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Placebo Response ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Experimental Setting ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Motor Improvement ◽  
The Impact

Expectation induced by verbal suggestions is known to be a central mechanism in the generation of the placebo response in different physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we analyze the impact of different verbal suggestions in an experimental setting, measuring work performed, and rate of perceived exertion in healthy subjects undergoing strenuous exercise. A double protocol is used, with different probabilities of receiving what is believed to be an ergogenic substance (in fact, a placebo), with or without an associated conditioning procedure. We show that while high verbal suggestions of motor improvement can work alone, low verbal suggestions produce a response only after conditioning, and that in the absence of verbal suggestions (open-label placebo) no response can ever be elicited. These results can be useful for the design of both clinical trial and sports training protocols.

scholarly journals A Big Data Virtualization Role in Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Sandeepkumar MATHIVANAN ◽  
Prabhu JAYAGOPAL
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Financial Trading ◽  
Data Virtualization

Big data is a collection of large volumes of data sets which are more complicated to analyze using standard data processing methods. It also emphasizes parameters like data variety and velocity data. Big data will play a most significant role in our daily life regarding applications like healthcare electronic commerce, agriculture, telecommunication, government, and financial trading. In the agriculture domain, big data is an optimal method to increase the productivity of farming by gathering and processing information like plant growth, farmland monitoring, greenhouse gases monitoring, climate change, soil monitoring and so forth. Virtualization is an emerging technique that can be combined with big data in agriculture. Virtualization has been used extensively in research for a long time, the term “virtual” entities affecting a real-life form. In agriculture, it has many more physical objects, sensors, and devices. This physical object is virtualized and has digital representation to store, communicate and process via the internet. The information from the virtual object has a large volume of data which helps meaningful data analysis or aspects to make application services like decision making, problem notification, and information handling. This paper provides a comprehensive review of big data virtualization in the agriculture domain. The virtualization methodology, and tools used by many researchers is surveyed.

Context Lost: Digital Surrogates, Their Physical Counterparts, and the Metadata that Is Keeping Them Apart

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-118
Author(s):  
Donald C. Force ◽  
Randy Smith
Keyword(s):  
Physical Object ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Virtual Images ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physical Materials

ABSTRACT The digitization of archival collections has become ubiquitous in the modern age. Contrary to the prevalence and popularity of these virtual collections, they are not without their limitations. Archivists have not sufficiently addressed the relationship between digital surrogates and their original objects. This article reviews a project undertaken by the authors who examined forty-two digitized archival collections from seven midwestern states. The study sought to determine whether digital surrogates include sufficient metadata to enable the viewer to understand that the virtual object is a representation of a physical object, that the physical object may be accessed, and that the physical object is part of a larger collection. The article concludes that the metadata fields used to describe digital surrogates vary across repositories, as well as within the institutions; and that very little metadata provides strong connections between the virtual images and the physical materials they represent. The authors conclude by providing recommendations for how archivists might improve the linkages between digital surrogates and their physical counterparts.

Isometric Finger Device for Assessment and Training of Force Coordination Using Virtual Reality

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorij Kurillo ◽  
Matjaž Mihelj ◽  
Marko Munih ◽  
Tadej Bajd
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Stroke Patient ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Middle Finger ◽  
Virtual Object ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Fingertip Forces

Grasping of stroke patients is often affected by improper coactivation of muscles controlling the fingers. The restoration of hand function therefore represents an important goal in rehabilitation. Quantitative data on coordination between fingers can be helpful for the assessment of therapy effectiveness. We have designed a novel isometric finger device to assess three-dimensional forces applied by the thumb, index, and middle finger. The device was used in connection with a simple virtual reality task where the patient had to open a safe by sequentially rotating a knob using the isometric finger input. The presented virtual reality application was evaluated in a group of healthy subjects and a chronic stroke patient to obtain preliminary performance results. We analyzed the coordination of fingertip forces between the thumb and opposing fingers. Pearson correlation coefficient was determined to assess the coordination of force in each direction. In healthy subjects, the analysis of the fingertip forces showed precise coordination of force between the fingers to control a virtual object. The performance of the stroke patient was considerably lower due to reduced muscle control and presence of strong spasticity. The results showed use of excessive force in both hands and lower coordination of force between the fingers as compared to the healthy subjects. The proposed virtual reality system is considered as a complementary method to the existing methods used in physical and occupational therapy. Specific virtual reality tasks could be designed to train coordination of force between the affected fingers.

Reflex Responses in Upper Limb Muscles to Cutaneous Stimuli

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Cutaneous Reflexes ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Conduction Velocities ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Biphasic Responses

ABSTRACT:Cutaneous reflexes in the upper limb were elicited by stimulating digital nerves and recorded by averaging rectified EMG from proximal and distal upper limb muscles during voluntary contraction. Distal muscles often showed a triphasic response: an inhibition with onset about 50 ms (Il) followed by a facilitation with onset about 60 ms (E2) followed by another inhibition with onset about 80 ms (12). Proximal muscles generally showed biphasic responses beginning with facilitation or inhibition with onset at about 40 ms. Normal ranges for the amplitude of these components were established from recordings on 22 arms of 11 healthy subjects. An attempt was made to determine the alterent fibers responsible for the various components by varying the stimulus intensity, by causing ischemic block of larger fibers and by estimating the afferent conduction velocities. The central pathways mediating these reflexes were examined by estimating central delays and by studying patients with focal lesions

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