Trends in Microextraction Techniques for Sample Preparation

Although analytical scientists equivocally agree that “no sample preparation” would be the best approach, the fact is that all samples that are handled in any analytical laboratory need to undergo treatment to some extent prior to their introduction to the analytical instrument [...]

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Recent Trends in the Development of Green Microextraction Techniques for the Determination of Hazardous Organic Compounds in Wine

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411015666190328185337 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 788-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Natasa P. Kalogiouri ◽

Victoria F. Samanidou

Keyword(s):

Sample Preparation ◽

Solid Phase Extraction ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Method Development ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction ◽

Phase Extraction ◽

Microextraction Techniques ◽

Hazardous Organic Compounds

Background:The sample preparation is the most crucial step in the analytical method development. Taking this into account, it is easily understood why the domain of sample preparation prior to detection is rapidly developing. Following the modern trends towards the automation, miniaturization, simplification and minimization of organic solvents and sample volumes, green microextraction techniques witness rapid growth in the field of food quality and safety. In a globalized market, it is essential to face the consumers need and develop analytical methods that guarantee the quality of food products and beverages. The strive for the accurate determination of organic hazards in a famous and appreciated alcoholic beverage like wine has necessitated the development of microextraction techniques.Objective:The objective of this review is to summarize all the recent microextraction methodologies, including solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME), liquid-phase microextraction (LPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), single-drop microextraction (SDME) and dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) that were developed for the determination of hazardous organic compounds (pesticides, mycotoxins, colorants, biogenic amines, off-flavors) in wine. The analytical performance of the techniques is evaluated and their advantages and limitations are discussed.Conclusion:An extensive investigation of these techniques remains vital through the development of novel strategies and the implication of new materials that could upgrade the selectivity for the extraction of target analytes.

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The Application of NMR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics in Authentication of Spices

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 382

Author(s):

Barbara Pacholczyk-Sienicka ◽

Grzegorz Ciepielowski ◽

Łukasz Albrecht

Keyword(s):

Quality Assurance ◽

Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

Structural Information ◽

Chemometric Analysis ◽

Spectroscopic Methods ◽

Regular Consumption ◽

No Sample Preparation

Spices and herbs are among the most commonly adulterated food types. This is because spices are widely used to process food. Spices not only enhance the flavor and taste of food, but they are also sources of numerous bioactive compounds that are significantly beneficial for health. The healing effects of spices are connected with their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and carminative properties. However, regular consumption of adulterated spices may cause fatal damage to our system because adulterants in most cases are unhealthy. For that reason, the appropriate analytical methods are necessary for quality assurance and to ensure the authenticity of spices. Spectroscopic methods are gaining interest as they are fast, require little or no sample preparation, and provide rich structural information. This review provides an overview of the application of NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis to determine the quality and adulteration of spices.

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Direct analysis – no sample preparation – of bioavailable cortisol in human plasma by weak affinity chromatography (WAC)

Journal of Chromatography B ◽

10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.035 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1061-1062 ◽

pp. 438-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sten Ohlson ◽

Jagjit Kaur ◽

Manfred Raida ◽

Ulf Niss ◽

Tim Bengala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sample Preparation ◽

Affinity Chromatography ◽

Human Plasma ◽

Direct Analysis ◽

No Sample Preparation

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Green Approaches to Sample Preparation Based on Extraction Techniques

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25071719 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (7) ◽

pp. 1719 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alshymaa Aly ◽

Tadeusz Górecki

Keyword(s):

Sample Preparation ◽

Analytical Method ◽

Bioanalytical Chemistry ◽

Complete Elimination ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Green Extraction ◽

Crucial Step ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Environmentally Friendly Approach ◽

No Sample Preparation

Preparing a sample for analysis is a crucial step of many analytical procedures. The goal of sample preparation is to provide a representative, homogenous sample that is free of interferences and compatible with the intended analytical method. Green approaches to sample preparation require that the consumption of hazardous organic solvents and energy be minimized or even eliminated in the analytical process. While no sample preparation is clearly the most environmentally friendly approach, complete elimination of this step is not always practical. In such cases, the extraction techniques which use low amounts of solvents or no solvents are considered ideal alternatives. This paper presents an overview of green extraction procedures and sample preparation methodologies, briefly introduces their theoretical principles, and describes the recent developments in food, pharmaceutical, environmental and bioanalytical chemistry applications.

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Analysis for lead in undiluted whole blood by tantalum ribbon atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/24.7.1182 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 24 (7) ◽

pp. 1182-1185 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B L Therrell ◽

J M Drosche ◽

T W Dziuk

Keyword(s):

Sample Preparation ◽

Atomic Absorption ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Extended Period ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Single Beam ◽

Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Primary Screening ◽

Beam System ◽

No Sample Preparation

Abstract We describe a modified tantalum ribbon atomic absorption procedure for determining lead in undiluted whole blood. An instrumentation Laboratory (I.L.) Model 151 atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with an I.L. Model 355 Flameless Sampler was used. The Flameless Sampler was slightly modified to include three-cycle operation instead of the normal two cycles. This modified single-beam system, equipped with background correction, allows 5-microliter specimens of whole blood to be quickly and accurately analyzed. No sample preparation other than vortex mixing is involved and method reliability has been demonstrated during an extended period of successful participation in proficiency testing studies conducted by the Center for Disease Control. This tantalum ribbon methodology has further been demonstrated to be effective both as a primary screening procedure and as a confirmatory procedure, when coupled with erythrocyte protoporphyrin determinations, in screening over 300 000 clients during a three-year period of use in the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment (EPSDT) Program in Texas.

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Combined Confocal Imaging Reveals Interesting Complimentary Information

Microscopy Today ◽

10.1017/s1551929500063896 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 22-23

Author(s):

Barbara Foster

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Confocal Imaging ◽

Quarter Wave Plate ◽

Light Path ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Insect Eggs ◽

Reflected Light ◽

Quarter Wave ◽

No Sample Preparation

Recently, a question surfaced on the Microscopy list server regarding preparation of insect eggs for EM evaluation. While the electron microscopy approach involved considerable sample preparation (mounting, coating, etc.), our experience indicated that, for some of these applications, a combination of reflected and fluorescent confocal microscopy provided valuable information with little or no sample preparation required, provided there are not other considerations such as the extended resolution provided by electron microscopy.In the biological arena, most confocal work is done in fluorescence mode, There have been some forays into imaging silver-stained structures using reflected light confocal but those applications have not been very prevalent in the literature. With the judicious addition of a quarter wave plate (a polarizing accessory) in the light path, the disruptive artifact from the laser beam can be removed from the image, converting any confocal into a dual purpose instrument.

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Determination of Six Common Phthalate Plasticizers in Grain Neutral Spirits and Vodka

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/78.3.730 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 730-735 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jeffrey N Leebowitz ◽

Rafael Sarmiento ◽

Sumer M Dugar ◽

Michael W Ethridge

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Sample Injection ◽

Sample Enrichment ◽

Injection Methods ◽

No Sample Preparation ◽

Direct Sample

Abstract Two direct sample injection methods using liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to determine phthalate residues in grain neutral spirits and vodka. Six reported phthalates were quantitated at concentrations as low as 20 μg/L (20 ppb) with no sample preparation or sample enrichment.

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Alternative Green Extraction Phases Applied to Microextraction Techniques for Organic Compound Determination

Separations ◽

10.3390/separations6030035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Eduardo Carasek ◽

Gabrieli Bernardi ◽

Sângela N. do Carmo ◽

Camila M.S. Vieira

Keyword(s):

Organic Compound ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Low Cost ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

New Materials ◽

Green Extraction ◽

Fields Of Study ◽

Microextraction Techniques

The use of green extraction phases has gained much attention in different fields of study, including in sample preparation for the determination of organic compounds by chromatography techniques. Green extraction phases are considered as an alternative to conventional phases due to several advantages such as non-toxicity, biodegradability, low cost and ease of preparation. In addition, the use of greener extraction phases reinforces the environmentally-friendly features of microextraction techniques. Thus, this work presents a review about new materials that have been used in extraction phases applied to liquid and sorbent-based microextractions of organic compounds in different matrices.

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