Past, Present and Future of Multivariate Calibration in Analytical Chemistry

Booksh and Kowalski, in their outstanding report, stressed that analytical chemistry has its own theory, which we all know as chemometrics. The authors indicated that chemometrics “can be used to specify exactly what information can be extracted from the data produced by any analytical instrument or method”. In accordance with this argument, it can be stated that multivariate calibration (MVC) has historically been applied to analytical chemistry, becoming one of the most important tools of chemometrics.

Major Trends in the Historiography of European Ashkenazic Jews from the 1970s to the Present

This article focuses on shifts in Jewish historiography of Ashkenazic Jews in Europe of the pre-modern period. It describes the denouement of traditional historiography— which generally assumes that more often than not Jews and non-Jews lived separate from one another—and compares it to two trends that I denominate exchange and interaction historiography that have gained momentum from the last third of the twentieth century. In contrast to scholars working in the traditional vein, exchange and interaction historians view Jews and non-Jews as interconnected and entangled. Exchange historians deal primarily with Jewish and non-Jewish cultural interrelatedness, whereas interaction historians overwhelmingly focus on interpersonal contacts. I use the terms exchange and interaction historiography because they comprehensibly flag as well as qualify distinctions in post-traditional historiography’s conception of Jewish and non-Jewish relations. Methodologically, however, there is considerable overlap between these three historiographical approaches insofar as they all employ the concept of difference as a central analytical tool. The notion of difference prompts scholars to focus first and foremost on what distinguished Jews and non-Jews instead of what they shared, and consequently to depict their relations as dichotomous. In this article, I argue that the insistence on the Jewish/non-Jewish binary forestalls possible innovations that exchange and interaction historians might otherwise pioneer in their approaches. The proposed remedy for this predicament is to replace difference with similarity as an analytical instrument and to focus on intercultural commonalities rather than distinctions. Various scholars have already made efforts to transcend the Jewish/non-Jewish binary but have fallen short of achieving their goal by failing to base their work on a sufficiently rigorous conceptual framework, such as similarity.

Protocols for Determination of Coefficient of Transpiration (Tµ) Using a New Innovative Instrument Rhythmometer Version 2

Transpiration is a physiological process by which aerial parts of plants release water in form of vapour. It is affected by many environmental factors like temperature, light, humidity, etc. In this present work, we propose a new protocol for the determination of the Coefficient of Transpiration (Tµ) which is useful for the determination of trends of transpiration concerning different climatic factors. For determination of the Coefficient of Transpiration (Tµ) can achieve by using a new innovative instrument Rhythmometer Version-2 (Fig-1) which was developed by two authors Aishwarya Khamari and Akshya Ku. Mishra in 2021. Rhythmometer (PEG) is an analytical instrument used to measure plant rhythm concerning its electrical conductivity. This instrument measures plant rhythm as well as detects several environmental parameters. In this study, it was found that the Coefficient of Transpiration was maximum in wind, moderate in sunlight, and minimum in shade and it varies with environmental factors like temperature, light intensity, wind speed, etc. Rhythmometer Version 2 not only helpful in the detection of rhythm and plant physiological processes but also detection of several environmental parameters Therefore we called it a portable all in one lab for plant physiology and phytoecology.

Experimental Validation of a Novel Generator of Gas Mixtures Based on Axial Gas Pulses Coupled to a Micromixer

In this work, a novel generator of gas mixtures previously numerically investigated and based on axial gas pulses coupled to a micromixer has been conceived, manufactured, and validated. Standard gaseous pollutant mixtures and pure nitrogen or pure air were introduced in a microdevice designed to generate alternating axial gas pulses which were downstream homogenized by means of a multi-stage modular micromixer. The dilution, and therefore the final pollutant concentration, was controlled by two parameters: the ratio between the times of each of the two gas pulses and the partial pressure of the pollutant(s) mixture added to the device. The gas mixture generator was coupled to an analyzer to monitor the concentration of aromatic pollutants. The response time was optimized to be lower than 2 min in accordance with the analytical instrument. The quantity of pollutants measured at the micromixer’s outlet increased linearly with the expected gas concentration of 3.7–100 ppb generated by this novel microfluidic generator and fitted perfectly with those obtained by a reference gas dilution bench. At 5 ppb, the precision on the concentration generated is close to that obtained with the conventional gas mixing bench, i.e., around 10%.

The Divergence Between Prophet’s Masjid and Present Masjid: An Architectural Essay

Basically, functional aspect in masjid can easily understand that there are divergence phenomena between the present masjid compared to the physical appearance and function of the Prophet's Masjid in the beginning. The objective of study is to reveals the existence of the Prophet's Masjid regarding the process and physical description of the masjid through hadith, sirah nabawiyah and related references as a guideline for comparative thinking on the present masjid. Critical descriptive research method is used as an analytical instrument to assess present masjid by adopting the idea of function in architecture knowledge and collaborate with the idea of social values as a reflection of the paradigm of Muslims towards the present masjid. Discussion find out that the people's perspective on present masjid tends to be statically trapped in the shape, form and visuals from the legacy of Islamic civilization after the time of the Prophet’s Muhammad PBUH.

Analysis of Components of The Scientific Approach in The X-Grade Students of Physics For SMA

Teachers as educators must be selective in choosing the right physics textbooks in order to help students achieve the expected competencies. However, textbooks that are suitable for use in accordance with the demands off the 2013 Curriculum, especially in Padang Pariaman Regency, have not been carried out. Therefore, a research was conducted which aims was determine the application of the components of the scientific approach in the second class X Semester 2 SMA Physics textbook used in SMA throughout the Padang Pariman Regency. This research is a descriptive studyswith a qualitative approach. The population in this study was the 2013 class X high school physics textbook used by 20 public high schools in Padang Pariaman Regency. Textbook sampling for analysis using saturated sampling technique. The data in this study were taken using an analytical instrument of the application of the scientific approach component developed from Permendikbud Number 103 of 2014. The results showed that the application off the scientific approach component of the textbooks analyzed was categorized quite appropriate, meaning that overall the five textbooks analyzed had not facilitated each component of the scientific approach optimally. Textbooks with the highest percentage of the fulfillment of the Scientific approach components are found in textbooks with the code Book A with an average percentage of 45.8%, and the lowest percentage is in Book C with an average percentage of 32.3%.

Ultrasound-assisted creep deformation of metals

This paper aims to develop a mathematical model to calculate the creep deformation of metals in the ultrasonic field. Experimental data recording that acoustic energy leads to an increase of primary and secondary creep has become the impetus for this research. The model is constructed in terms of the synthetic theory of irrecoverable deformation. To catch the phenomena caused by sonication, we introduce a new term reflecting the nucleation and development of the crystalline grid's defects in the ultrasonic field. By inserting this term into the basic relationships of the synthetic theory that define the deformation state of the material, we have derived the formulae describing the development of time-dependent deformation coupled with ultrasound. As a result, since the analytic solutions fit good the experimental data, we have elaborated an analytical instrument to predict the increase in the creep deformation of metals due to acoustic energy.