Creating Communities of Choice: Stakeholder Participation in Community Planning

: Community stakeholders can be valuable allies to city officials engaged in downtown regeneration and community planning. This project highlights the force of engaging such allies in planning initiatives. It focuses on a long-neglected community that was once a thriving African American cultural and commercial hub. Organized as a city-university collaborative, the project brought together a cadre of community stakeholders: a planning studio professor and graduate students; a professional planner; architects; preservationists; and area residents, business owners and community leaders. Stakeholders held several meetings to evaluate the overall needs of the area, discuss options that would allow the concurrency of neighborhood revitalization, historic preservation and commercial economic interests while adhering to existing design guidelines. The group’s work culminated in a proposed land use plan that is sensitive to the needs of families, businesses and the city’s revitalization efforts. The plan calls for creating built spaces that complement the natural environment and encourages integrating green initiatives with regenerative efforts. It proposes creating active parks; cultural, arts and entertainment districts; and zoning that allows for single and multifamily housing. It transforms the district into one that is mixed-use, economically viable, family-oriented and preserves the area’s authentically historic and cultural assets.

Download Full-text

Why Does Planning Matter in Microclimate Management and Urban Heat Mitigation?

Journal of Planning Education and Research ◽

10.1177/0739456x19883000 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 0739456X1988300 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mehdi P. Heris ◽

Brian Muller ◽

Alana M. Wilson

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Decision Making ◽

The United States ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Policy Choices ◽

Mixed Use ◽

Decision Making Processes ◽

Key Variables ◽

Urban Heat ◽

Main Factors

In this paper, we examine two mixed-use redevelopment projects in the United States, including both regulatory and procedural contexts, to assess how decision-making processes affected microclimate outcomes. We investigate Belmar in Lakewood, CO and 29th Street Mall in Boulder, CO. Measurements and simulations of microclimate show that Belmar mitigates urban heat more effectively. Policies including building height, street patterns, and landscaping standards were key variables in this outcome. Through interviews and content analysis, we found five main factors shaping those policy choices: (1) urban vision, (2) land use and form controls, (3) design guidelines, (4) public financing, and (5) ownership/condemnation factors.

Download Full-text

Dynamic Equilibrium: The Intensification Of Toronto Avenues

10.32920/ryerson.14652432.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sander Waxman

Keyword(s):

Urban Development ◽

Dynamic Equilibrium ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Sustainable Urban Development ◽

Built Form ◽

Mixed Use ◽

Main Streets

This thesis envisions a successful intensification of Toronto avenues, using the vehicle of newly formulated design guidelines for higher-density, mixed-use, mid-rise built form. The aim of this thesis is to invigorate development along Toronto's historically relevant yet often contested main streets, in a way that recognizes infrastructure as a defining element for culturally and economically sustainable urban development.

Download Full-text

Multi-stakeholder perspective on the role of universities in place branding

Journal of Place Management and Development ◽

10.1108/jpmd-05-2020-0039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Shalini Bisani ◽

Marcella Daye ◽

Kathleen Mortimer

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Framework ◽

Stakeholder Participation ◽

Place Branding ◽

Peripheral Region ◽

Content Type ◽

Community Stakeholders ◽

Stakeholder Perspective ◽

Multi Stakeholder ◽

The University

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to create a conceptual framework to demonstrate the role of universities as knowledge partners in place branding networks. Design/methodology/approach This research adopts a case study strategy to explore the perceptions of institutional and community stakeholders in Northamptonshire. The objective is to examine the regional activities and engagement of a single-player university in a peripheral region and explore its potential for widening stakeholder participation. Qualitative data was collected through interviews and focus groups and thematically analysed. Findings The university played a complementary “partnership” role to other institutional stakeholders, particularly the public sector. As a knowledge partner, the university filled gaps in information (know-what), skills (know-how) and networks (know-who). The last two aspects are potentially unique to the university’s role in place branding networks and require further development. Research limitations/implications The conceptual framework demonstrates the potential of a single-player university in a peripheral region to enhance the capabilities and skills of stakeholders in place branding networks and widen stakeholder participation. Future researchers can use the framework to develop recommendations for universities’ role in place branding based on their unique situation. Originality/value There has been limited research on how universities participate and influence participation in place branding. The exploration of this topic in the context of a rural, marginalised region is also novel.

Download Full-text

Dynamic Equilibrium: The Intensification Of Toronto Avenues

10.32920/ryerson.14652432 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sander Waxman

Keyword(s):

Urban Development ◽

Dynamic Equilibrium ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Sustainable Urban Development ◽

Built Form ◽

Mixed Use ◽

Main Streets

Download Full-text

How to Meet New Global Targets in the Offshore Realms: Biophysical Guidelines for Offshore Networks of No-Take Marine Protected Areas

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.634574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Daniela M. Ceccarelli ◽

Kate Davey ◽

Geoffrey P. Jones ◽

Peter T. Harris ◽

Sione V. Matoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Marine Protected Areas ◽

Marine Ecosystems ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Data Availability ◽

Economic Interests ◽

Management Framework ◽

Global Goal ◽

Economic Zones ◽

National Governments

Networks of no-take marine protected areas (MPAs), where all extractive activities are prohibited, are the most effective tool to directly protect marine ecosystems from destructive and unsustainable human activities. No-take MPAs and MPA networks have been globally implemented in coastal seas, and their success has been significantly enhanced where science-based biophysical guidelines have informed their design. Increasingly, as human pressure on marine ecosystems is expanding further offshore, governments are establishing offshore MPAs—some very large—or MPA networks. Globally, there are growing calls from scientists, non-government organisations, and national governments to set global conservation targets upwards of 30%. Given that most of the ocean is found either in the high seas or offshore within national Exclusive Economic Zones, large offshore MPAs or networks of MPAs must be a major component of these global targets for ocean protection. However, without adequate design, these offshore MPAs risk being placed to minimise conflict with economic interests, rather than to maximise biodiversity protection. This paper describes detailed biophysical guidelines that managers can use to design effective networks of no-take MPAs in offshore environments. We conducted a systematic review of existing biophysical design guidelines for networks of MPAs in coastal seas, and found consistent elements relating to size, shape, connectivity, timeframes, and representation of biophysical features. However, few of the guidelines are tailored to offshore environments, and few of the large offshore MPAs currently in place were designed systematically. We discuss how the common inshore design guidelines should be revised to be responsive to the characteristics of offshore ecosystems, including giving consideration of issues of scale, data availability, and uncertainty. We propose 10 biophysical guidelines that can be used to systematically design offshore networks of MPAs which will also contribute to the global goal of at least 30% protection globally. Finally, we offer three priority guidelines that reflect the unique conservation needs of offshore ecosystems: emphasising the need for larger MPAs; maximising the inclusion of special features that are known and mapped; and representing minimum percentages of habitats, or, where mapped, bioregions. Ultimately, MPA guidelines need to be embedded within an adaptive management framework, and have the flexibility to respond to emerging knowledge and new challenges.

Download Full-text

Reindeer husbandry and local planning

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.6.1.560 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Lars P. Niia

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Community Development ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Community Planning ◽

Central Theme ◽

Local Planning ◽

Research Project ◽

Economic Interests ◽

Reindeer Husbandry ◽

Tourism Community

A central theme in the reindeer husbandry is the conflicts between this and other economic interests as tourism, community development etc. in connection with the utilization of common territory. A retrospective glance will show that this is an old problem and not a new phenomenon. The Nordic Sami Institute has carried out a research project with the following objectives: 1.to give an account of the terms of planning for the reindeer husbandry, 2.to find out how the Såmi (Lapp) community's and so the reindeer husbandry's interests are taken into account in local planning. 3.find ways for how the reindeer husbandry's use of land can be described. 4.give suggestions as to how the interests of the Sami community can better be taken into account or how it can increase its influence in relation to planning. The suggestions based upon the results from the research project are: —that the Sami community aquire competence by preparing itself for the changes in its environment. —that it builds up its own organization. —that it aquires a more noticeable influence in community planning and decision making. This project and earlier experiencies have shown that the way of influencing e.g. by land-use-planning is weak and unreliable today.Renskötsel och kommunal planering.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Ett centralt tema i renskotselsammanhang ar konflikterna mellan renskotsel och andra ekonomiska intressen som turism, samhållsutbyggnad etc. vid utnyttjande av gemensamma arealer. En historisk tillbakablick visar att denna problematik inte på något sått år någon ny foreteelse utan ett gammalt tema med variationer i tid och rum. I ett forskningsprojekt vid Sami Instituhtta har en studie genomforts med syftet att: 1.soka beskriva planeringsforutsåttningarna for renskotseln. 2. soka forklara hur renskotselns intressen tas tillvara i den kommunala fysiska planeringen. 3. finna former for hur renskotselns markanvåndning kan beskrivas. 4. att låmna forslag på hur samebyns interessen kan båtre tillvaratas och hur den kan oka sitt inflytande i planeringssammanhang. På grundval av framkomna resultat foreslås: —att samebyn skapar egen kompetens. Det år fråga om att forbereda sig infor forandringar i omgivningen exvis i form av markanvåndnings- och utvecklingsplanering. —att samebyn bygger upp den egna organisationen. —att samebyn får ett mera breddat och fordjupat inflytande i det kommunala planerings- och beslutssystemet. Detta projekt och tidigare erfarenheter visar på att samråd som form for inflytande år svag och osåker.Poronhoito ja kunnallinen suunnittelu.Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Keskeinen teema poronhoidon yhteydesså on selkkaukset poronhoidon ja muiden taloudellisten hyotyjen vålillå kuten turismin, yhteiskunnan laajennuksen j.n.e. yhteisten pinta-alojen hyvåksikåytosså. Historiallinen, taannehtiva katsaus osoittaa, ettei tårna ongclma ole millåån tavalla joku uusi ilmio, vaan vanha teema vaihdellen ajassa ja alueilla. Sami Instituhttan erååsså tutkimusprojektissa on suoritettu tutkielma pitåen pååmåårånå: 1. koettaa kuvailla poronhoidon suunnitteluedellytykset, 2. koettaa selvittåå, miten poronhoidon edut otetaan talteen kunnallisessa, fyysilliscssa suunnittelussa, 3. loytåå ilmaisumuotoja siitå, miten poronhoidon maa-alueen kåytto voidaan kuvailla, 4. jåttåå ehdotuksia siitå, miten paliskunnan etuja voidaan paremmin ottaa talteen sckå miten se voi lisåtå vaikutusvaltaansa suunnittelun yhteydesså. Esilletulleiden tulosten perusteella ehdotetaan:— ettå paliskunta muodostaa oman toimivallan. On kysymys valmistautua ympåriston muutoksiin esimerkiksi maa-alueen kåyton- ja kehityssuunnittelussa, — ettå paliskunta perustaa oman jårjeston, — ettå paliskunta saa leveåmmån ja syvemmån vaikutusvallan kunnallisessa suunnittelu- ja pååtoselimesså. Tamd projekti ja aikaisempi kokemus osoittaa, ettå neuvottelu vaikutusvaltaisena on hcikkoa ja epåvarmaa.

Download Full-text

Naparstek, Arthur J.

Encyclopedia of Social Work ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.758 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Darlyne Bailey

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Public Housing ◽

Community Planning ◽

Hope Vi ◽

Neighborhood Revitalization ◽

Applied Social Sciences ◽

Western Reserve

Arthur J. Naparstek (1939–2004), community planning expert, worked in neighborhood revitalization and created the federal Hope VI program that changed U.S. public housing. He was dean and professor at Case Western Reserve University's Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences (1983–2004).

Download Full-text

Longitudinal Observation of an HIV Prevention Community Planning Group (CPG)

Health Promotion Practice ◽

10.1177/1524839907311048 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 136-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Roberto Mejia ◽

Richard A. Jenkins ◽

James W. Carey ◽

Hortensia Amaro ◽

Allison C. Morrill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Hiv Prevention ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Stakeholder Participation ◽

Community Planning ◽

Group Behavior ◽

And Function ◽

Planning Group ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Data Informed

HIV prevention community planning groups were formed to increase stakeholder participation and develop evidence-based comprehensive HIV prevention plans. To date, it is not well understood what factors affect group behavior as the planning group prepares for data-informed decision making. In this observational case study, the authors videotaped 18 meetings of a community planning group (CPG) to observe how a group's behavior changes over time in response to modifications in its structure and function. Discussions on authority and conflict were common, particularly during presentations on prioritized populations and interventions. Changes in the frequency of data-informed discussions were not statistically significant. Observed group conflict may have been an unintended consequence of efforts to improve equity. The authors suggest that formal and informal mechanisms to manage conflict and agreed-on procedures for decision making should be incorporated into the technical assistance offered to CPGs. Future studies should address whether data-informed decisions increase once contentious issues are resolved.

Download Full-text

Design Guidelines for the Mixed-use Development Types of Elementary School with Public Housing

Journal of the Korean housing association ◽

10.6107/jkha.2021.32.5.029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 29-39

Author(s):

Gyu-Wan Cho ◽

Woo-Hyun Yang

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Public Housing ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Mixed Use

Download Full-text

Ecologically and Socially Sustainable Development in Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Open House International ◽

10.1108/ohi-04-2005-b0019 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 78-81

Author(s):

Clayton Preston

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Planning Process ◽

National Policy ◽

Community Planning ◽

Protection Agency ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Mixed Use ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Us ◽

East Lake

East Lake Commons is a 67 home mixed-use, mixed-income in-fill community in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The community planning process began in 1997, and construction was substantially complete by 2000. East Lake Commons successfully incorporates a wide range of ecological and social concepts, including those of Atlanta Regional Commission and the US Environmental Protection Agency. In addition, the project has established new practices such as Handicap Visitability that is influencing national policy makers.

Download Full-text