scholarly journals Perchlorate and Agriculture on Mars

Soil Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Christopher Oze ◽  
Joshua Beisel ◽  
Edward Dabsys ◽  
Jacqueline Dall ◽  
Gretchen North ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Metal Availability ◽  
Metal Release ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Successful Removal ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Martian Regolith

Perchlorate (ClO4−) is globally enriched in Martian regolith at levels commonly toxic to plants. Consequently, perchlorate in Martian regolith presents an obstacle to developing agriculture on Mars. Here, we assess the effect of perchlorate at different concentrations on plant growth and germination, as well as metal release in a simulated Gusev Crater regolith and generic potting soil. The presence of perchlorate was uniformly detrimental to plant growth regardless of growing medium. Plants in potting soil were able to germinate in 1 wt.% perchlorate; however, these plants showed restricted growth and decreased leaf area and biomass. Some plants were able to germinate in regolith simulant without perchlorate; however, they showed reduced growth. In Martian regolith simulant, the presence of perchlorate prevented germination across all plant treatments. Soil column flow-through experiments of perchlorate-containing Martian regolith simulant and potting soil were unable to completely remove perchlorate despite its high solubility. Additionally, perchlorate present in the simulant increased metal/phosphorous release, which may also affect plant growth and biochemistry. Our results support that perchlorate may modify metal availability to such an extent that, even with the successful removal of perchlorate, Martian regolith may continue to be toxic to plant life. Overall, our study demonstrates that the presence of perchlorate in Martian regolith provides a significant challenge in its use as an agricultural substrate and that further steps, such as restricted metal availability and nutrient enrichment, are necessary to make it a viable growing substrate.

UTILIZATION OF RAWAPENING PEAT FOR NUTRIENT BLOCK AS A MEDIA NURSERIES Anthocephalus cadaba and Paraserianthes falcataria

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hanggari Sittadewi., dkk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽  
Land Rehabilitation ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
The Media

Nutrient Block is a growing medium product in the form of a square (25 x 25 cm) or cylindrical (diameter = 20 cm, height = 25 cm) made of peat which has been composted, plus adhesive gypsum or tapioca waste. Nutrient Block is designed to support the post mining land rehabilitation program that is now threatening the environmental degradation in mining areas. Nutrient Block products has been proved good for growth because of the media in addition to having physical properties that are capable of storing large amounts of water, contain enough nutrients in the form available to plants,so it can support plant growth. Results of the Nutrient Block application test to Jabon (Anthocephalus cadaba) and Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) plants showed that good performance, both plant height and diameter of trees and leaf growth in plants Jabon appear healthy and getting wider.keywords: nutrient block, post-mining land rehabilitation. Paraserianthes falcataria, Anthocephalus cadaba

Irrigation.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abstract Crop production in many regions has been reliant on irrigation for almost as long as man has been cultivating plant life. For 6000 years, irrigation has ranked among the most powerful tools of human advancement (Postel, 1999), and by the start of the 21st century no less than 75% of the world's fresh water was in use for agricultural production (Levy and Coleman, 2014). In 2012, twenty percent of total cultivated land was under irrigation, contributing forty percent of the total food production worldwide, this represented 275 million hectares under actual irrigation with a total of 324 million hectares equipped for irrigation (FAO, 2016). Irrigation, which can be defined as 'the artificial application of water to land, soil or other growing medium for the purposes of crop growth', has become a global issue in more recent times as the increasing demand for fresh water has seen problems develop with water scarcity, quality issues and conflict over usage.

scholarly journals Fishwaste Compost Medium Improves Growth and Quality of Container-grown Marigolds and Geraniums Without Leaching

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Hummel ◽  
S. Kuo ◽  
D. Winters ◽  
E.J. Jellum
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Available N ◽  
N Source ◽  
Growing Medium

Abstract Utilization of fish waste for producing fishwaste compost (FWC) as a value-added product is preferred to disposing of it in ocean dumping or landfills. This study determined: (i) the effectiveness of FWC as a container-growth medium and N source for greenhouse production of marigolds (Tagetes patula L. ‘Queen Sophia’) and geraniums (Pelargonium x hortorum L.H. Bailey ‘Sprinter Scarlet’) that were drip-irrigated to prevent leaching; and (ii) if leaching was necessary to sustain plant growth. In a 3 by 3 factorial experiment, plants were grown in 100% FWC, 50% FWC:50% Douglas-fir bark (B), and 100% B at 0, 160, and 320 mg (0, 0.0056, 0.0112 oz) N container−1 applied as NH4NO3 every 2 weeks. Under drip irrigation, FWC in the 100% FWC growing medium supplied a sufficient amount of available N up to 7 weeks after transplanting to produce plant quality, shoot growth index (SGI), and shoot and root dry weights comparable to those treated with 320 mg N container−1. In the 50% FWC: 50% B growing medium fertilization with 320 mg N improved plant growth and quality 7 weeks after transplanting. The concentration of inorganic N (NO3 plus NH4) in the 100% FWC declined to very low levels 7 weeks after transplanting. This indicated that FWC used as the sole component of the growing medium was an effective N source for marigolds and geraniums up to 7 weeks after transplant. Compared with no leach plants, irrigation of 100% FWC marigolds with a weekly leaching fraction of about 0.55 did not affect quality, SGI, and shoot dry weight at the time-of-sale, 7 weeks after transplant. The FWC did not have sufficiently high salt content to require minimum leaching to prevent salt injury to the plants.

scholarly journals PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING ACTIVITIES OF RHIZOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM RHIZOSPHERIC SOILS OF RURAL BANGALORE, INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadhana Venkatesh ◽  
Sandeep Suryan ◽  
Nagananda Govinahalli Shivashankara ◽  
Swetha Seshagiri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Drought And Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Activities ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Acinetobacter Pittii ◽  
Growth Promoting

Soil is a dynamic ecosystem which provides support to plant life. Microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere region of soil play a key role in agriculture by promoting the exchange of plant nutrients and reducing the application of chemical fertilizers to a large extent. Engineering of rhizospheric region through exploitation of specific microorganisms leads to higher microbial diversity in the soil which in turn plays a significant role in maintaining the soil health. The present work envisages the isolation, screening and biochemical profiling of potent plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from various rhizospheric soils in and around Bangalore. Sixty isolates from rhizospheric region of fourteen different agricultural soils were screened for plant growth promoting traits such as phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, Ammonia, HCN & Phytohormone production. Twelve isolates that exhibited plant growth promotional traits were further subjected to screening for drought and salt tolerance. Among the twelve isolates, four potential isolates namely Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter pittii were identified based on biochemical methods and 16SrRNA sequencing.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MEDIA TUMBUH DAN LAMA PERENDAMAN TERHADAP PERKECAMBAHAN SORGUM VARIETAS NUMBU

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 302
Author(s):  
Marsel Efraim Bajang ◽  
A. Rumambi ◽  
W. B. Kaunang ◽  
D. Rustandi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Burned Soil ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sorghum Plant

THE EFFECT OF GROWING MEDIUM AND SOAKING TIME ON GERMINATION OF SORGHUM VAR. NUMBU. The present study was conducted to elaboratethe effect of the growing medium andsoaking times on germination of sorghum varieties numbu. This research has been done to learn and obtain data on the effect of the plant growth media and the soaking times of the sorghum plant sprouts. The experiment consisted of a 3x4x3 factorial design with 3 levels of growing medium (100% original soil; 50% original soil + 50% burned soil; and 100% burned out soil) and 4 levels of soaking times (0,2,4, and 6 hours). After a significant F test (where necesarry) was employed to inspect differences among group means. Statistical difference was accepted at P < 0,05. Variables measured were: germination rates, germination, and leaf counts. Research results showed that growing medium gave a significant difference (P<0,01) on germination phase and germination rates. The interaction of growing medium andsoaking times gave a significant difference on leaf counts.It can be concluded that the growing medium gave a positive response on germination phase andgermination rates; while leaf counts of Sorghum var. Numbu interacted well with growing medium of 100% original soil and all level of soaking times. Keywords: growing medium, soaking times, sorghum var. Numbu, germination.

scholarly journals A Model for Irrigation Scheduling in Container-Grown Nursery Crops Utilizing Management Allowed Deficit (MAD)

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Douglas F. Welsh ◽  
Jayne M. Zajicek
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Plant Water Use ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Nursery Crops

Abstract Plant growth and water use of container-grown Photinia × fraseri (Dress) were studied under varying irrigation regimes. Treatments were based on management allowed deficit (MAD) irrigation (including 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 95% MAD), which links evapotranspiration (ET) and plant available moisture in determining irrigation schedules. Plant growth was maximized under 25% MAD irrigation. Plant performance and water use were significantly reduced as moisture deficit levels in the growing medium exceeded 50% under MAD irrigation of 50%, 75% and 95%. Plant performance also tended to decrease, but plant water use increased with lower MAD treatments (i.e., 0%, 5%, 10%). The research reported provides a model for nursery managers and researchers to use MAD irrigation in determining optimum irrigation regimes to meet plant water needs and maintain maximum plant performance.

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