scholarly journals A Brief Review of Personality in Marathon Runners: The Role of Sex, Age and Performance Level

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis Nikolaidis ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
Ultra Endurance

The participation of recreational runners in sport events ranging from 5 km to ultra-endurance races have increased dramatically during the last decades and this phenomenon has attracted scientific interest. Most research has focused on the physiological characteristics of these runners and less in their psychological characteristics. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to review the existing knowledge with regards to the personality of recreational endurance runners and the role of sex, age and performance. It was concluded that limited information was available with regards to the personality of recreational marathon runners. So far, our knowledge on the personality of marathon runners relied on studies conducted a few decades ago, mostly on competitive marathon runners, highlighting the need for original research on recreational runners.

scholarly journals Motivation in the Athens Classic Marathon: The Role of Sex, Age, and Performance Level in Greek Recreational Marathon Runners

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Aïna Chalabaev ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Performance Group ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
And Performance

The aim of the present study was to examine the motivation of recreational runners and its variation by sex, age, and performance level. Finishers (female: n = 32, age 40.1 ± 9.0 years old, height 162 ± 7 cm, body mass 57.7 ± 7.5 kg, race record 4:34 ± 0:39 h:min; male: n = 134, 44.2 ± 8.6 years, 176 ± 6 cm, 77.0 ± 9.3 kg, 4:02 ± 0:44 h:min) in the Athens Classic Marathon 2017 completed the Motivations of Marathoners Scales (MOMS) 56-item questionnaire. The highest scores in the MOMS were observed in the general health orientation and personal goal achievement categories, and the lowest in the recognition and competition areas. Female participants scored higher in coping, self-esteem, and goal achievement than their male counterparts (p < 0.05). The <30 age group scored higher than the 35–40 and 40–45 age groups in “competing with other runners” for male participants (p < 0.05). The average performance group outscored the slowest group in “achieving personal goals” and “competing with other runners” in female participants, whereas an effect of performance on these two themes was shown in male participants as well (p < 0.05). In summary, we partially confirmed that female and male marathon runners differ for their motivations. In addition, novel findings were the identification of age and performance level as correlates of motivations. The knowledge of these trends would be of great practical value for practitioners to optimize the motivation of their athletes.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC TESTS AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COVID-19 IN CHILDREN: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Darezzo Rodrigues Nunes ◽  
Sandra Teixeira de Araújo Pacheco ◽  
Cícero Ivan Alcantara Costa ◽  
Jaciane Alexandre da Silva ◽  
Welker da Silva Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Role Of Nursing ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify in nursing literature scientific production on tests and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children and discuss the role of nursing in their care. Methods: an integrative review, which took place between April and June 2020, at Web of Science, CINAHL, BDENF, IBECS, LILACS, MEDLINE (via PubMed) to answer the guiding question: what do research articles on COVID-19 in children reveal? Original research articles published from January to May 2020 were included. Studies without research methodology (case reports, reflection, recommendations), review articles, studies focusing on other themes or conducted exclusively with neonates, infants, adolescents, and adults were excluded. Results: database search found 314 references. After exclusions, 59 studies were selected to be read in full. Of these, 14 articles were selected to compose this review, empirically grouped according to their similarities into two categories: Tests used in COVID-19 in children and Main clinical findings of COVID-19 in children. Conclusion: studies emphasize clinical tests and findings of COVID-19 in children; therefore, the role of nursing at the time of preparation and performance of such tests stands out, since they are an instrument for assessment and follow-up of children with coronavirus as well as in the promotion of adequate and qualified care to minimize the signs and symptoms of this disease, with a view to prompt restoration of their health.

scholarly journals Cardiac Output and Performance during a Marathon Race in Middle-Aged Recreational Runners

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique L. Billat ◽  
Hélène Petot ◽  
Morgan Landrain ◽  
Renaud Meilland ◽  
Jean Pierre Koralsztein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Race Performance ◽  
Cardiac Cost ◽  
Marathon Performance

Purpose. Despite the increasing popularity of marathon running, there are no data on the responses of stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) to exercise in this context. We sought to establish whether marathon performance is associated with the ability to sustain high fractional use of maximal SV and CO (i.e, cardiac endurance) and/or CO, per meter (i.e., cardiac cost).Methods. We measured the SV, heart rate (HR), CO, and running speed of 14 recreational runners in an incremental, maximal laboratory test and then during a real marathon race (mean performance: 3 hr 30 min±45 min).Results. Our data revealed that HR, SV and CO were all in a high but submaximal steady state during the marathon (87.0±1.6%, 77.2±2.6%, and 68.7±2.8% of maximal values, respectively). Marathon performance was inversely correlated with an upward drift in the CO/speed ratio (mL ofCO×m−1) (r=−0.65,P<0.01) and positively correlated with the runner’s ability to complete the race at a high percentage of the speed at maximal SV (r=0.83,P<0.0002).Conclusion. Our results showed that marathon performance is inversely correlated with cardiac cost and positively correlated with cardiac endurance. The CO response could be a benchmark for race performance in recreational marathon runners.

Management of the Athlete with an Eating Disorder: Implications for the Sport Management Team

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Sport Management ◽  
Management Team ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Exercise Physiologist ◽  
Sport Psychologist ◽  
University Level ◽  
And Performance

While college women in general are at risk for anorexia nervosa and bulimia, these disorders may present more of a problem for the student-athlete due to her weight/body consciousness and the pressure associated with athletic competition at the college or university level. This paper discusses the physical and psychological characteristics of each disorder, their etiology, and how each affects the life and performance of the athlete. Recommendations are offered regarding the role of the sport management team (i.e., sport psychologist, team physician, coach, athletic trainer, exercise physiologist) in assisting the eating-disordered athlete.

scholarly journals Skinfold Thickness Distribution in Recreational Marathon Runners

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Skinfold Measurements ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of body fat (BF) percentage with performance of elite marathon runners has been well studied; however, less information is available about the variation of skinfold thickness by sex and performance in non-elite marathon runners. The aim of the present study was to examine the variation of skinfold thickness by sex and performance in recreational marathon runners. Participants included 32 female (age 40.1 ± 9.0 years, BF 19.6 ± 4.7%, and training volume 47.7 ± 22.6 km) and 134 male marathon runners (44.3 ± 8.8 years, 17.6 ± 4.0%, and 53.0 ± 21.2 km, respectively). The largest skinfold thickness was the abdomen in both sexes, whereas the smallest was biceps in men, and chins in women (p < 0.001). The largest sex difference in skinfold thickness was observed in triceps being the fattest in women (p < 0.001). The largest difference in skinfold thickness among men’s performance groups was observed in the iliac crest, and the smallest in the patella and proximal calf (p < 0.001). In summary, skinfold measurements indicated that women had more fat in both their upper and lower limbs, while men had more fat in their trunk. With regards to the role of performance level, the slowest runners presented relatively more fat in the upper limbs and trunk anatomical sites, i.e., away from the active muscles of legs.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF STEREOTYPE THREAT PERCEPTION AND SUBTLE CUES ON STEREOTYPE THREAT EFFECT.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Akinyemi ◽  
Laurene Houtin
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Threat Effect ◽  
And Performance

<div>The manuscript presents the results of an original research. <br></div><div>In the experiments presented, we investigated the role of subtle (Experimenter’s gender) and blatant cues (Diagnosticity) on perceived stereotype threat and performance, and showed that perceived stereotype threat can be an informative ecological predictor of performance decrease when added to subtle cue manipulation.</div>

The role of emotions on pacing strategies and performance in middle and long duration sport events

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Baron ◽  
F. Moullan ◽  
F. Deruelle ◽  
T. D. Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Long Duration ◽  
Pacing Strategies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sport Events

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF STEREOTYPE THREAT PERCEPTION AND SUBTLE CUES ON STEREOTYPE THREAT EFFECT.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Akinyemi ◽  
Laurene Houtin
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Threat Perception ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Threat Effect ◽  
And Performance

<div>The manuscript presents the results of an original research. <br></div><div>In the experiments presented, we investigated the role of subtle (Experimenter’s gender) and blatant cues (Diagnosticity) on perceived stereotype threat and performance, and showed that perceived stereotype threat can be an informative ecological predictor of performance decrease when added to subtle cue manipulation.</div>

scholarly journals The Role of Psychological Characteristics in Facilitating the Pathway to Elite Performance Part 1: Identifying Mental Skills and Behaviors

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áine MacNamara ◽  
Angela Button ◽  
Dave Collins
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
World Class ◽  
Class Status ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

Given the complexity of the talent development process, it seems likely that a range of psychological factors underpin an athlete’s ability to translate potential into top-class performance. Therefore, the purpose of part one of this two-part investigation was to explore the attributes that facilitate the successful development of athletes from initial involvement to achieving and maintaining world-class status. Seven elite athletes and a parent of each of these athletes were interviewed regarding their own (their son’s/daughter’s) development in sport. Data were content analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Although sporting achievement was conceptualized as being multidimensional, psychological factors were highlighted as the key determinants of those who emerged as talented and maintained excellence. Accordingly, we suggest that talent identification and development programs should place greater emphasis on the advancement and application of psychological behaviors at an early stage to optimize both the development and performance of athletes.

Trace nanoanalysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 940-941
Author(s):  
D. E. Newbury ◽  
R. D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

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