scholarly journals Cardiac Output and Performance during a Marathon Race in Middle-Aged Recreational Runners

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique L. Billat ◽  
Hélène Petot ◽  
Morgan Landrain ◽  
Renaud Meilland ◽  
Jean Pierre Koralsztein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Race Performance ◽  
Cardiac Cost ◽  
Marathon Performance

Purpose. Despite the increasing popularity of marathon running, there are no data on the responses of stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) to exercise in this context. We sought to establish whether marathon performance is associated with the ability to sustain high fractional use of maximal SV and CO (i.e, cardiac endurance) and/or CO, per meter (i.e., cardiac cost).Methods. We measured the SV, heart rate (HR), CO, and running speed of 14 recreational runners in an incremental, maximal laboratory test and then during a real marathon race (mean performance: 3 hr 30 min±45 min).Results. Our data revealed that HR, SV and CO were all in a high but submaximal steady state during the marathon (87.0±1.6%, 77.2±2.6%, and 68.7±2.8% of maximal values, respectively). Marathon performance was inversely correlated with an upward drift in the CO/speed ratio (mL ofCO×m−1) (r=−0.65,P<0.01) and positively correlated with the runner’s ability to complete the race at a high percentage of the speed at maximal SV (r=0.83,P<0.0002).Conclusion. Our results showed that marathon performance is inversely correlated with cardiac cost and positively correlated with cardiac endurance. The CO response could be a benchmark for race performance in recreational marathon runners.

scholarly journals Effects of Marathon Running on Aerobic Fitness and Performance in Recreational Runners One Week after a Race

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuminori Takayama ◽  
Atsushi Aoyagi ◽  
Wataru Shimazu ◽  
Yoshiharu Nabekura
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Physiological Capacity ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
And Performance

It is not clear whether or not recreational runners can recover aerobic fitness and performance within one week after marathon running. This study aimed to investigate the effects of running a marathon race on aerobic fitness and performance one week later. Eleven recreational runners (six men, five women) completed the race in 3 h 36 min 20 s ± 41 min 34 s (mean ± standard deviation). Before and 7 days after the race, they performed a treadmill running test. Perceived muscle soreness was assessed before the race and for the following 7 days. The magnitude of changes in the treadmill running test was consideredpossibly trivialfor maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) (mean difference −1.2 ml/kg/min; ±90% confidence limits 2 ml/kg/min),unclearfor %V˙O2max at anaerobic threshold (AT) (−0.5; ±4.1%) and RE (0.2; ±3.5 ml/kg/km), andlikely trivialfor both velocity at AT and peak (−0.2; ±0.49 km/h and −0.3; ±0.28 km/h). Perceived muscle soreness increased until 3 days after the race, but there were no clear differences between the values before the race and 4–7 days after it. These results show that physiological capacity associated with marathon running performance is recovered within 7 days after a marathon run.

Marathon performance, anaerobic threshold, and onset of blood lactate accumulation

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tanaka ◽  
Y. Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Blood Lactate Accumulation ◽  
Marathon Performance

The study tested the hypothesis that running velocity corresponding to the anaerobic threshold (VAT) would more accurately approximate the actually measured marathon race velocity (VM) than would running velocity corresponding to the so-called onset of blood lactate (4 mM) accumulation (VOBLA). The VAT (4.57 m X s-1) well approximated the VM (4.49 m X s-1), whereas the VOBLA (5.30 m X s-1) differed significantly from the VM. In addition, the VAT (r = 0.781) correlated with VM to a greater extent than did the VOBLA (r = 0.682). When the VAT (X1) was combined with delta % maximum O2 consumption (VO2max) (%VO2max at the OBLA minus %VO2max at the AT; X2) and VO2max (ml X min-1 x kg-1; X3), variation in the VM accounted for increased profoundly from 61 to 88%. Thus one of the useful equations formulated with high predictive accuracy was VM (m X s-1) = 1.312X1 + 0.0346X2 – 0.00993X3 – 1.272. Our study demonstrates that the anaerobic threshold (AT) is more closely associated with marathon running performance and that the degree of the association is raised when delta %VO2max and/or VO2max are combined as additional information.

scholarly journals Exploring the Anthropometric, Cardiorespiratory, and Haematological Determinants of Marathon Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios A. Christou ◽  
Efstathios D. Pagourelias ◽  
Asterios P. Deligiannis ◽  
Evangelia J. Kouidi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Test ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Haemoglobin Mass ◽  
Marathon Performance

AimWe aimed to investigate the main anthropometric, cardiorespiratory and haematological factors that can determine marathon race performance in marathon runners.MethodsForty-five marathon runners (36 males, age: 42 ± 10 years) were examined during the training period for a marathon race. Assessment of training characteristics, anthropometric measurements, including height, body weight (n = 45) and body fat percentage (BF%) (n = 33), echocardiographic study (n = 45), cardiopulmonary exercise testing using treadmill ergometer (n = 33) and blood test (n = 24) were performed. We evaluated the relationships of these measurements with the personal best marathon race time (MRT) within a time frame of one year before or after the evaluation of each athlete.ResultsThe training age regarding long-distance running was 9 ± 7 years. Training volume was 70 (50–175) km/week. MRT was 4:02:53 ± 00:50:20 h. The MRT was positively associated with BF% (r = 0.587, p = 0.001). Among echocardiographic parameters, MRT correlated negatively with right ventricular end-diastolic area (RVEDA) (r = −0.716, p &lt; 0.001). RVEDA was the only independent echocardiographic predictor of MRT. With regard to respiratory parameters, MRT correlated negatively with maximum minute ventilation indexed to body surface area (VEmax/BSA) (r = −0.509, p = 0.003). Among parameters of blood test, MRT correlated negatively with haemoglobin concentration (r = −0.471, p = 0.027) and estimated haemoglobin mass (Hbmass) (r = −0.680, p = 0.002). After performing multivariate linear regression analysis with MRT as dependent variable and BF% (standardised β = 0.501, p = 0.021), RVEDA (standardised β = −0.633, p = 0.003), VEmax/BSA (standardised β = 0.266, p = 0.303) and Hbmass (standardised β = −0.308, p = 0.066) as independent variables, only BF% and RVEDA were significant independent predictors of MRT (adjusted R2 = 0.796, p &lt; 0.001 for the model).ConclusionsThe main physiological determinants of better marathon performance appear to be low BF% and RV enlargement. Upregulation of both maximum minute ventilation during exercise and haemoglobin mass may have a weaker effect to enhance marathon performance.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04738877.

An Investigation of the Validity of the Trait and State Sport-Confidence Inventories in Predicting Marathon Performance

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Gayton ◽  
Cynthia J. Nickless
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Marathon Performance

Data from 35 marathon runners (25 men, 10 women) were used to examine the validity of the Trait Sport-confidence Inventory and the State Sport-confidence Inventory as predictors of marathon running performance. Both instruments were significantly correlated with predicted and actual finishing times.

scholarly journals A Brief Review of Personality in Marathon Runners: The Role of Sex, Age and Performance Level

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis Nikolaidis ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sport Events ◽  
Ultra Endurance

The participation of recreational runners in sport events ranging from 5 km to ultra-endurance races have increased dramatically during the last decades and this phenomenon has attracted scientific interest. Most research has focused on the physiological characteristics of these runners and less in their psychological characteristics. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to review the existing knowledge with regards to the personality of recreational endurance runners and the role of sex, age and performance. It was concluded that limited information was available with regards to the personality of recreational marathon runners. So far, our knowledge on the personality of marathon runners relied on studies conducted a few decades ago, mostly on competitive marathon runners, highlighting the need for original research on recreational runners.

scholarly journals Motivation in the Athens Classic Marathon: The Role of Sex, Age, and Performance Level in Greek Recreational Marathon Runners

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Aïna Chalabaev ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Performance Level ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Performance Group ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
And Performance

The aim of the present study was to examine the motivation of recreational runners and its variation by sex, age, and performance level. Finishers (female: n = 32, age 40.1 ± 9.0 years old, height 162 ± 7 cm, body mass 57.7 ± 7.5 kg, race record 4:34 ± 0:39 h:min; male: n = 134, 44.2 ± 8.6 years, 176 ± 6 cm, 77.0 ± 9.3 kg, 4:02 ± 0:44 h:min) in the Athens Classic Marathon 2017 completed the Motivations of Marathoners Scales (MOMS) 56-item questionnaire. The highest scores in the MOMS were observed in the general health orientation and personal goal achievement categories, and the lowest in the recognition and competition areas. Female participants scored higher in coping, self-esteem, and goal achievement than their male counterparts (p < 0.05). The <30 age group scored higher than the 35–40 and 40–45 age groups in “competing with other runners” for male participants (p < 0.05). The average performance group outscored the slowest group in “achieving personal goals” and “competing with other runners” in female participants, whereas an effect of performance on these two themes was shown in male participants as well (p < 0.05). In summary, we partially confirmed that female and male marathon runners differ for their motivations. In addition, novel findings were the identification of age and performance level as correlates of motivations. The knowledge of these trends would be of great practical value for practitioners to optimize the motivation of their athletes.

scholarly journals Longer Disciplined Tapers Improve Marathon Performance for Recreational Runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Smyth ◽  
Aonghus Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Finish Time ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Marathon Performance

For marathoners the taper refers to a period of reduced training load in the weeks before race-day. It helps runners to recover from the stresses of weeks of high-volume, high-intensity training to enhance race-day performance. The aim of this study was to analyse the taper strategies of recreational runners to determine whether particular forms of taper were more or less favorable to race-day performance.Methods: We analyzed the training activities of more than 158,000 recreational marathon runners to define tapers based on a decrease in training volume (weekly distance). We identified different types of taper based on a combination of duration (1–4 weeks of decreasing training) and discipline (strict tapers progressively decrease training in the weeks before the marathon, relaxed tapers do not) and we grouped runners based on their taper type to determine the popularity of different types of taper and their associated performance characteristics.Results: Kruskal-Wallis tests (H(7)≥ 521.11, p &lt; 0.001), followed by posthoc Dunns tests with a Bonferroni correction, confirmed that strict tapers were associated with better marathon performance than relaxed tapers (p &lt; 0.001) and that longer tapers of up to 3 weeks were associated with better performance than shorter tapers (p &lt; 0.001). Results indicated that strict 3-week tapers were associated with superior marathon finish-time benefits (a median finish-time saving of 5 min 32.4 s or 2.6%) compared with a minimal taper (p &lt; 0.001). We further found that female runners were associated with greater finish-time benefits than men, for a given taper type ( ≤ 3-weeks in duration), based on Mann Whitney U tests of significance with p &lt; 0.001.Conclusion: The findings of this study for recreational runners are consistent with related studies on highly-trained athletes, where disciplined tapers were associated with comparable performance benefits. The findings also highlight how most recreational runners (64%) adopt less disciplined (2-week and 3-week) tapers and suggest that shifting to a more disciplined taper strategy could improve performance relative to the benefits of a less disciplined taper.

An Investigation of the Validity of the Physical Self-Efficacy Scale in Predicting Marathon Performance

1986 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 752-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Gayton ◽  
Griffith R. Matthews ◽  
Gregory N. Burchstead
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Physical Ability ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Marathon Performance

Data from 33 marathon runners (22 men, 11 women) were used to examine the validity of the Physical Self-efficacy scale as a predictor of marathon running performance. Both total Physical Self-efficacy scores and Perceived Physical Ability scores were significantly correlated with both predicted and actual finishing times.

scholarly journals Time Evolution of Sublingual Microcirculatory Changes in Recreational Marathon Runners

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrius Pranskunas ◽  
Justina Arstikyte ◽  
Zivile Pranskuniene ◽  
Jurga Bernatoniene ◽  
Inga Kiudulaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Density ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Vascular Density ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Systemic Hemodynamic ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Sublingual Microcirculation ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Hemodynamic Measurements

We aimed to evaluate changes in sublingual microcirculation induced by a marathon race. Thirteen healthy male controls and 13 male marathon runners volunteered for the study. We performed sublingual microcirculation, using a Cytocam-IDF device (Braedius Medical, Huizen, Netherlands), and systemic hemodynamic measurements four times: 24 hours prior to their participation in the Kaunas Marathon (distance: 41.2 km), directly after finishing the marathon, 24 hours after the marathon, and one week after the marathon. The marathon runners exhibited a higher functional capillary density (FCD) and total vascular density of small vessels at the first visit compared with the controls. Overall, we did not find any changes in sublingual microcirculation of the marathon runners at any of the other visits. However, in a subgroup of marathon runners with a decreased FCD compared to the subgroup with increased FCD, the subgroup with decreased FCD had shorter running time (190.37±30.2versus221.80±23.4 min,p=0.045), ingested less fluids (907±615versus1950±488 mL,p=0.007) during the race, and lost much more weight (-2.4±1.3versus-1.0±0.8 kg,p=0.041). Recreational marathon running is not associated with an alteration of sublingual microcirculation. However, faster running and dehydration may be crucial for further impairing microcirculation.

The Relations between Cognitive Coping Strategies, Reasons for Running, Injury, and Performance of Marathon Runners

1989 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin S. Masters ◽  
Michael J. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Cognitive Coping ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Running Injury ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Acceptable Theory

The psychology of marathon running was studied by employing the cognitive strategies of association and dissociation (Morgan, 1978; Morgan & Pollock, 1977). Two shortcomings in the current literature were cited. These included the failure to study marathon runners in an actual race and the absence of an acceptable theory to explain the use of these strategies. In the present research, runners participating in a marathon were utilized and measures of dissociation, association, performance time, injury, and reasons for running a marathon were taken. The results indicated that motivations may have accounted for the use of cognitive strategies and that injury was not related to dissociation, as previously hypothesized. Additionally, runners overwhelmingly preferred to associate. A new theory regarding the use of these strategies was offered.

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