scholarly journals Risk Factors, Diagnosis and Management of Bone Stress Injuries in Adolescent Athletes: A Narrative Review

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Belinda Beck ◽  
Louise Drysdale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Adolescent Athlete ◽  
Bone Stress

Physical activity is known to be beneficial for bone; however, some athletes who train intensely are at risk of bone stress injury (BSI). Incidence in adolescent athlete populations is between 3.9 and 19% with recurrence rates as high as 21%. Participation in physical training can be highly skeletally demanding, particularly during periods of rapid growth in adolescence, and when competition and training demands are heaviest. Sports involving running and jumping are associated with a higher incidence of BSI and some athletes appear to be more susceptible than others. Maintaining a very lean physique in aesthetic sports (gymnastics, figure skating and ballet) or a prolonged negative energy balance in extreme endurance events (long distance running and triathlon) may compound the risk of BSI with repetitive mechanical loading of bone, due to the additional negative effects of hormonal disturbances. The following review presents a summary of the epidemiology of BSI in the adolescent athlete, risk factors for BSI (physical and behavioural characteristics, energy balance and hormone disruption, growth velocity, sport-specific risk, training load, etc.), prevention and management strategies.

scholarly journals Exercise dependence, eating disorder symptoms and biomarkers of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S) among male endurance athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Klungland Torstveit ◽  
Ida Lysdahl Fahrenholtz ◽  
Mia Beck Lichtenstein ◽  
Thomas Birkedal Stenqvist ◽  
Anna Katarina Melin
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Exercise Dependence ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Energy Deficiency

ObjectivesTo explore associations betweenexercise dependence, eating disorder (ED) symptoms and biomarkers of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (RED-S) among male endurance athletes.MethodsFifty-three healthy well-trained male cyclists, triathletes and long-distance runners recruited from regional competitive sports clubs were included in this cross-sectional study. The protocol comprised the Exercise Dependence Scale (EXDS), the ED Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), measurements of body composition, resting metabolic rate, energy intake and expenditure and blood analysis of hormones and glucose.ResultsParticipants with higher EXDS score displayed a more negative energy balance compared with subjects with lower EXDS score (p<0.01). EXDS total score was positively correlated with EDE-Q global score (r=0.41, p<0.05) and the subscale score forrestraint eating(r=0.34, p<0.05) andweight concern(r=0.35, p<0.05). EXDS total score and the subscaleslack of controlandtolerancewere positively correlated with cortisol (r=0.38, p<0.01, r=0.39, p<0.01 and r=0.29, p<0.05, respectively). The EXDS subscaleswithdrawalandtolerancewere negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose (r=−0.31 and r=−0.32, p<0.05, respectively), whileintention effectwas negatively correlated with testosterone:cortisol ratio (r=−0.29, p<0.05) and positively correlated with cortisol:insulin ratio (r=0.33, p<0.05).ConclusionIn this sample of healthy male athletes, we found associations between higher EXDS scores, ED symptoms and biomarkers of RED-S, such as a more pronounced negative energy balance and higher cortisol levels.

Preventing and Alleviating Compassion Fatigue Through Self-Care: An Educational Workshop for Nurses

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Adimando
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Compassion Fatigue ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Practice Change ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Work Related ◽  
High Level

Though various authors have refined and described the concept of compassion fatigue (CF), the overarching features, predisposing factors, and potential consequences remain relatively consistent. Available literature demonstrates that caregivers caring for patients who are chronically ill and/or traumatized are at highest risk for developing CF. Potential consequences for unmitigated CF include physical, emotional, and work-related consequences, all of which can have negative effects on the quality and safety of care and degree of engagement with one’s employer. CF is further exacerbated by exposure to cumulative, unresolved stress and neglect of one’s own emotional needs over time. Caregivers must be knowledgeable on CF’s risk factors, symptoms, and management strategies to decrease its incidence and negative impacts. This article details the creation, execution, and evaluation of an evidence-based practice change project implemented with the goal of increasing knowledge needed to prevent, identify, and alleviate CF in high-risk nurses. The project involved a series of educational workshops containing information on CF’s risk factors, symptoms, and consequences, with a strong emphasis on self-awareness, self-care, and stress management. Pre- and postknowledge tests showed a significant increase in knowledge was achieved via the workshops, and qualitative surveys indicated a high level of participant satisfaction with the program contents, format, and impact.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with excessive negative energy balance in commercial United Kingdom dairy herds

2019 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.I. Macrae ◽  
E. Burrough ◽  
J. Forrest ◽  
A. Corbishley ◽  
G. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Factors Associated

Prediction of conception at 1st artificial insemination using a combination of energy balance indicators

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
G E Valergakis ◽  
G Oikonomou ◽  
G Arsenos ◽  
M P Georgiadis ◽  
G Banos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Voluntary Waiting Period

Declining reproductive performance is a major problem for the global dairy industry (Lucy 2001) whereas magnitude and duration of postpartum negative energy balance of dairy cows are considered as the main reasons (de Vries and Veerkamp 2000). Moreover, various energy balance indicators, such as body condition score (BCS) and plasma βhydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration, have been correlated with reduced reproductive performance (Pryce et al 2001, Taylor et al 2003, Patton et al 2007, Walsh et al 2007). Such information has been already used to adjust herd management practices in order to prevent negative effects on reproduction. Furthermore, the ability to predict reproductive performance of cows with reasonable accuracy would also be very useful to dairy farmers. In such case, important management decisions (e.g. length of voluntary waiting period, starting dates of synchronisation programs and price of semen used), could be made for each individual cow. The aim of this study was to investigate whether combining certain energy balance indicators would yield useful predictions of cow reproductive performance at 1st artificial insemination (AI).

scholarly journals Association Between Automated Landing Error Scoring System Performance and Bone Stress Injury Risk in Military Trainees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Eckard ◽  
Story F.P. Miraldi ◽  
Karen Y. Peck ◽  
Matthew A. Posner ◽  
Steven J. Svoboda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Training Population ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Bone Stress

ABSTRACT Context: Lower extremity bone stress injuries (BSI) place a significant burden on the health and readiness of the US Armed Forces. Objective: To determine if pre-injury baseline performance on an expanded and automated 22-item version of the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS-22) is associated with the incidence of BSI in a military training population. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: US Military Academy at West Point Participants: 2,235 (510 females, 22.8%) incoming cadets Main outcome measures: Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to produce adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR) to quantify the association between pre-injury LESS scores and BSI incidence rate during follow-up, adjusted for pertinent risk factors. Risk factors were included as covariates in the final model if the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the crude IRR did not contain 1.00. Results: A total of 54 BSI occurred during the study period, resulting in an overall incidence rate of 0.07 BSI per 1,000 person-days (95% CI: 0.05, 0.09). The mean number of exposure days was 345.4 (SD 61.12, range 3–368). The final model was adjusted for sex and BMI and yielded an adjusted IRR for LESS-22 score of 1.06 (95% CI: 1.002, 1.13; p=0.04), indicating that each additional LESS error documented at baseline was associated with a 6.0% increase in the incidence rate of BSI during the follow-up period. In addition, six individual LESS-22 items, including two newly added items, were significantly associated with BSI incidence. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that performance on the expanded and automated version of the LESS is associated with BSI incidence in a military training population. These results suggest that the automated LESS-22 may be a scalable solution for screening military training populations for BSI risk.

Cattle Review

Livestock ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-238
Author(s):  
David C Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance

Introduction: This edition of Cattle Review considers risk factors for negative energy balance in dairy cows, carriage of Pasteurellaceae in the airways of young beef cattle and the quantification of antibiotic use in Germen livestock.

Calorie restriction or exercise: effects on coronary heart disease risk factors. A randomized, controlled trial

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. E197-E202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Fontana ◽  
Dennis T. Villareal ◽  
Edward P. Weiss ◽  
Susan B. Racette ◽  
Karen Steger-May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Chd Risk Factors

Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors and the risk of CHD increase with increased adiposity. Fat loss induced by negative energy balance improves all metabolic CHD risk factors. To determine whether fat loss induced by long-term calorie restriction (CR) or increased energy expenditure induced by exercise (EX) has different effects on CHD risk factors in nonobese subjects, we conducted a 1-yr controlled trial involving 48 nonobese subjects who were randomly assigned to one of three groups: CR, 20% CR diet ( n = 18); EX, 20% increase in energy expenditure through daily exercise with no increase in energy intake ( n = 18); or HL, healthy lifestyle guidelines ( n = 10). Subjects were 29 women and 17 men aged 57 ± 3 yr, with BMI 27.3 ± 2.0 kg/m2. Assessments included total body fat by DEXA, lipoproteins, blood pressure, HOMA-IR, C-reactive protein (CRP), and estimated 10-yr CHD risk score. Body fat decreased by 6.3 ± 3.8 kg in CR, 5.6 ± 4.4 kg in EX, and 0.4 ± 1.7 kg in HL, which corresponded to reductions of 24.9, 22.3, and 1.2% of baseline body fat mass, respectively. These CR- and EX-induced energy deficits were accompanied by reductions in most of the major CHD risk factors, including plasma LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL ratio, HOMA-IR index, and CRP concentrations that were similar in the two intervention groups. Data from the present study provide evidence that CR- and EX-induced negative energy balance result in substantial and similar improvements in the major risk factors for CHD in normal-weight and overweight middle-aged adults.

Popliteal entrapment syndrome and age

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schweizer ◽  
Hügli ◽  
Koella ◽  
Jeanneret
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Popliteal Entrapment ◽  
Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Atherosclerotic Risk Factors

On the occasion of diagnosing a popliteal entrapment syndrome in a 59-year old man with no cardiovascular risk factors, who developed acute ischemic leg pain during long distance running, we give an overview on this entity with emphasis on patients’age. The different types of the popliteal artery compression syndrome are summarized. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are discussed. The most important clinical sign of a popliteal entrapment syndrome is the lack of atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with limited walking distance. Not only in young athletes but also in patients more than 50 years old the popliteal entrapment syndrome has to be taken into account.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document