The Optimization of Emergency Evacuation from Nuclear Accidents in China

An emergency evacuation route is an important component of emergency rescue of for nuclear accidents. A reasonable evacuation route can reduce evacuation times and protect people’s life. The evacuation route of the nuclear power plant is abstracted into a network diagram and a mathematical model of evacuation optimization route based on the graph theory and the parity of spot diagram method in this paper. Road traffic capacity and other external factors that may affect emergency evacuation are considered in the time weight factor for each road. Finally, an example is given to verify the feasibility of the model.

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Theoretical Guidance on Evacuation Decisions after a Big Nuclear Accident under the Assumption That Evacuation Is Desirable

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10093095 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 3095 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yaling Deng ◽

Shuliang Zou ◽

Daming You

Keyword(s):

Work Experience ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Decision Model ◽

Emergency Evacuation ◽

Assessment System ◽

Nuclear Accident ◽

Radiation Environment ◽

Nuclear Accidents ◽

Short Period ◽

Evacuation Plan

The development of nuclear power is a major measure for implementing energy-saving and emission reduction strategies all over the world. For a long time, the hazards of nuclear accidents have been obstacles to the development of nuclear power. Temporary evacuation is the fastest and most effective emergency measure to ensure the safety of residents in a short period of time after a nuclear accident. Numerous nuclear accident emergency management personnel make judgments based on personal work experience and subjective awareness when formulating a nuclear accident emergency evacuation plan. How to make a scientific and reasonable decision on the emergency evacuation of nuclear accidents in the shortest time is a common problem faced by many emergency departments when a nuclear accident occurs. In a complex and ever-changing radiation environment, how to maximize the use of limited information and make decisions quickly in an uncertain environment is a core issue that effectively reduces the risk of nuclear accidents. This paper constructs a set of assessment system of nuclear accident emergency evacuation plan selection based on the characteristics of nuclear accident emergencies under uncertain environmental conditions. It uses triangular fuzzy language to describe nuclear accident emergency evacuation decision plans and the weighting of relevant factors. Additionally, the K-means clustering method is used to calculate the weight of experts, which reduces the influence of subjective factors considered by decision makers. Finally, a decision model for emergency evacuation of nuclear accidents is constructed based on the TOPSIS decision model.

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Health issues today in affected areas near Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant

Annals of the ICRP ◽

10.1177/01466453211006807 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014664532110068

Author(s):

K. Tanigawa

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Nuclear Power Plant ◽

Human Resource Development ◽

Older Workers ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Occupational Accidents ◽

Medical Problems ◽

Medical Needs ◽

Fukushima Daiichi

Due to vigorous efforts to decontaminate the environment following the accident at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, the size of the difficult-to-return zone has reduced significantly and people have started returning to their homes. As the population has increased, medical needs have ensued. A marked increase in traffic as well as decontamination and reconstruction projects has led to an increase in the number of road traffic and occupational accidents. Acceleration of population aging has resulted in an increased number of elderly residents with multiple medical problems. Uncontrolled/untreated medical problems among middle-aged to older workers have made them susceptible to deterioration of health conditions. Insufficient social support for elderly people living alone has resulted in delayed access to medical care. Early intervention and the prevention of health deterioration are instrumental. When responding to medical needs, proactive approaches, including home visits for elderly patients and health promotion, have been implemented. Human resource development is crucial to ensure the sustainability of these activities.

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Thaumazein at the Nuclear Anthropocene

Philosophy and Global Affairs ◽

10.5840/pga2021284 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 61-71

Author(s):

Nobuo Kazashi ◽

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Power ◽

Nuclear Accidents ◽

Quarter Century ◽

Face To Face ◽

Citizen Scientist ◽

Whole Person ◽

Last Stage ◽

The Right ◽

Reflective Essay ◽

Fukushima Disaster

This reflective essay brings to light the career and thought of nuclear chemist Jinzaburo Takagi (1938–2000), who devoted his whole career to the critique of nuclear power generation and the promotion of citizen-centered science. Looking at his life history, one recognizes some clear turning points. However, Takagi’s true engagement with the nuclear question began when he came face-to-face with the ubiquitous contamination of the earth by human-made radiation. It was a deep, revelatory astonishment that shook Takagi into radical questioning of his vocation as a scientist. It was, so to speak, an experience of “thaumazein at the nuclear anthropocene,” involving his whole person as a human being. In 1975 Takagi co-founded Citizens’ Nuclear Information Center in Tokyo, and he became a catalytic “citizen scientist” in the anti-nuclear power movements through his nation-wide and international activities spanning over a quarter-century. Takagi was a prolific and engaged writer, and he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award in 1997. Soon after, however, he was diagnosed with a variety of last-stage cancers. He penned books entitled To Live as a Citizen-Scientist, Liberation from Nuclear Power: Nine Spells that Would Annihilate Japan, and Why Are Nuclear Accidents Repeated? These books would be read widely, though quite belatedly and with deep regret, after the Fukushima disaster in 2011. This essay is a look at the warning messages Takagi emphasized in the books he left as his testaments not to repeat the disaster.

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The Capacity of the Road Network: Data Collection and Statistical Analysis of Traffic Characteristics

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13071765 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1765 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Vladimir Shepelev ◽

Sergei Aliukov ◽

Kseniya Nikolskaya ◽

Salavat Shabiev

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

The Road ◽

Traffic Characteristics ◽

Traffic Capacity ◽

Traffic Data Collection ◽

Fuzzy Logic Method ◽

Additional Fuel Consumption ◽

Additional Fuel

The possibilities of collecting the necessary information using multi-touch cameras and ways to improve road traffic data collection are considered. An increase in the number of vehicles leads to traffic jams, which in turn leads to an increase in travel time, additional fuel consumption and other negative consequences. To solve this problem, it is necessary to have a reliable information collection system and apply modern effective methods of processing the collected information. The technology considered in the article allows taking into account pedestrians crossing the intersection. The purpose of this article is to determine the most important traffic characteristics that affect the traffic capacity of the intersection, in other words, the actual number of passing cars. Throughput is taken as a dependent variable. Based on the results of the regression analysis, a model was developed to predict the intersection throughput taking into account the most important traffic characteristics. Besides, this model is based on the fuzzy logic method and using the Fuzzy TECH 5.81d Professional Edition computer program.

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IoT-based real time intelligent routing for emergent crowd evacuation

Library Hi Tech ◽

10.1108/lht-11-2017-0251 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 604-624

Author(s):

Yanlan Mei ◽

Ping Gui ◽

Xianfeng Luo ◽

Benbu Liang ◽

Liuliu Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Real Time ◽

Programming Model ◽

Emergency Evacuation ◽

Guidance System ◽

Programming Approach ◽

Metro Station ◽

Content Type ◽

Crowd Evacuation ◽

Evacuation Route

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to take advantage of Internet of Things (IoT) for intelligent route programming of crowd emergency evacuation in metro station. It is a novel approach to ensure the crowd safety and reduce the casualties in the emergency context. An evacuation route programming model is constructed to select a suitable evacuation route and support the emergency decision maker of metro station. Design/methodology/approach The IoT technology is employed to collect and screen information, and to construct an expert decision model to support the metro station manager to make decision. As a feasible way to solve the multiple criteria decision-making problem, an improved multi-attributive border approximation area comparison (MABAC) approach is introduced. Findings The case study indicates that the model provides valuable suggestions for evacuation route programming and offers practical support for the design of an evacuation route guidance system. Moreover, IoT plays an important role in the process of intelligent route programming of crowd emergency evacuation in metro station. A library has similar structure and crowd characteristics of a metro station, thus the intelligent route programming approach can be applied to the library crowd evacuation. Originality/value The highlights of this paper are listed as followings: the accuracy and accessibility of the metro station’s real-time information are improved by integrating IoT technology with the intelligent route programming of crowd emergency evacuation. An improved MABAC approach is introduced to the expert support model. It promotes the applicability and reliability of decision making for emergency evacuation route selection in metro station. It is a novel way to combine the decision-making methods with practice.

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EMERGENCY EVACUATION SIMULATION FOR A RADIATION DISASTER: A CASE STUDY OF A RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL NEAR NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN KOREA

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncaa046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 189 (3) ◽

pp. 323-336

Author(s):

Juyoul Kim ◽

Faith Rukundo ◽

Ashraf Musauddin ◽

Batbuyan Tseren ◽

Gazi Muhammad Borhan Uddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Residential Building ◽

Emergency Evacuation ◽

Night Time ◽

Evacuation Simulation ◽

Emergency Situations ◽

Nuclear Disaster ◽

Night And Day ◽

The Times

Abstract Ensuring evacuation of people from a building in a fast and secure manner is of great significance in the event of emergency situations. This study aimed at evaluating the level of evacuation preparedness and movement of residents at the KEPCO International Nuclear Graduate School (KINGS) in the event of a nuclear emergency. Evacuation times from KINGS after a nuclear disaster at Shin Kori nuclear power plant (NPP) were estimated using Pathfinder. Four scenarios of night and day time by assuming the normal and worst scenarios were simulated. With regard to worst scenarios, the times estimated for residents to gather and leave the assembly point for the night time scenario were estimated to 22~23 min, whereas 38~39 min were calculated for the crowd to leave the assembly point. The results of this study can be used by emergency planners when planning for evacuation from a residential building nearby NPP.

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Estimating Road Traffic Capacity

IEEE Access ◽

10.1109/access.2020.3040276 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 228525-228547

Author(s):

Ahmed Adnan Makki ◽

Trung Thanh Nguyen ◽

Jun Ren ◽

Dhiya Al-Jumeily ◽

William Hurst

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Traffic Capacity

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Transit-Based Emergency Evacuation with Transit Signal Priority in Sudden-Onset Disaster

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society ◽

10.1155/2016/3625342 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ciyun Lin ◽

Bowen Gong

Keyword(s):

Arrival Time ◽

Time Estimation ◽

Emergency Evacuation ◽

Sudden Onset ◽

Traffic Signal ◽

Traffic Signal Control ◽

Transit Signal Priority ◽

Signal Coordination ◽

Arterial Traffic ◽

Evacuation Route

This study presents methods of transit signal priority without transit-only lanes for a transit-based emergency evacuation in a sudden-onset disaster. Arterial priority signal coordination is optimized when a traffic signal control system provides priority signals for transit vehicles along an evacuation route. Transit signal priority is determined by “transit vehicle arrival time estimation,” “queuing vehicle dissipation time estimation,” “traffic signal status estimation,” “transit signal optimization,” and “arterial traffic signal coordination for transit vehicle in evacuation route.” It takes advantage of the large capacities of transit vehicles, reduces the evacuation time, and evacuates as many evacuees as possible. The proposed methods were tested on a simulation platform with Paramics V6.0. To evaluate and compare the performance of transit signal priority, three scenarios were simulated in the simulator. The results indicate that the methods of this study can reduce the travel times of transit vehicles along an evacuation route by 13% and 10%, improve the standard deviation of travel time by 16% and 46%, and decrease the average person delay at a signalized intersection by 22% and 17% when the traffic flow saturation along an evacuation route is0.8<V/C≤1.0andV/C>1.0, respectively.

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Istanbul Grand Bazaar Evacuation System Vulnerability Assessment

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.611 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 133-134 ◽

pp. 611-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gül Yücel ◽

Görün Arun

Keyword(s):

Vulnerability Assessment ◽

Hazardous Materials ◽

Emergency Evacuation ◽

Vulnerability Factors ◽

Route Maintenance ◽

System Vulnerability ◽

Exit Route ◽

Safety Evacuation ◽

Evacuation Route ◽

Evacuation System

The Grand Bazaar is a historical trade centre more than 500 years in the historical peninsula of Istanbul, Turkey. It consists of almost 3,600 small shops from different sectors (such as jewellery, carpet, leather, souvenir, finance, restaurant, café, confection etc.), two Bedesten, 64 street and 16 Han (inn) buildings. The Bazaar has 21 main gates that open to different streets and have different relation with outside. More than 25000 staff work in the shops and 300-500 thousand users come to Bazaar daily depending on the season and day. The pedestrian density is changeable, depending on the place of the inner street and the type of the sector. The historical disaster records (earthquake, dated 1766 and 1894, the grand bazaar fire, dated 1954) show that there was evacuation vulnerability. The main gates (exit doors) and exit route need some rehabilitation for safety evacuation during any disaster. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Grand Bazaar’s emergency evacuation vulnerability. The evacuation vulnerability factors question the width, length and natural illumination of the evacuation route, maintenance of the roof, presence of hazardous materials, door specifications as size, material, opening direction, maintenance and difference in elevation on the route and exit area such as staircase and thresholds.

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