scholarly journals Theoretical Guidance on Evacuation Decisions after a Big Nuclear Accident under the Assumption That Evacuation Is Desirable

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaling Deng ◽  
Shuliang Zou ◽  
Daming You
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Decision Model ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Evacuation Plan

The development of nuclear power is a major measure for implementing energy-saving and emission reduction strategies all over the world. For a long time, the hazards of nuclear accidents have been obstacles to the development of nuclear power. Temporary evacuation is the fastest and most effective emergency measure to ensure the safety of residents in a short period of time after a nuclear accident. Numerous nuclear accident emergency management personnel make judgments based on personal work experience and subjective awareness when formulating a nuclear accident emergency evacuation plan. How to make a scientific and reasonable decision on the emergency evacuation of nuclear accidents in the shortest time is a common problem faced by many emergency departments when a nuclear accident occurs. In a complex and ever-changing radiation environment, how to maximize the use of limited information and make decisions quickly in an uncertain environment is a core issue that effectively reduces the risk of nuclear accidents. This paper constructs a set of assessment system of nuclear accident emergency evacuation plan selection based on the characteristics of nuclear accident emergencies under uncertain environmental conditions. It uses triangular fuzzy language to describe nuclear accident emergency evacuation decision plans and the weighting of relevant factors. Additionally, the K-means clustering method is used to calculate the weight of experts, which reduces the influence of subjective factors considered by decision makers. Finally, a decision model for emergency evacuation of nuclear accidents is constructed based on the TOPSIS decision model.

scholarly journals The Optimization of Emergency Evacuation from Nuclear Accidents in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zou ◽  
Shuliang Zou ◽  
Changming Niu
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Diagram Method ◽  
Emergency Rescue ◽  
Network Diagram ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Evacuation Route

An emergency evacuation route is an important component of emergency rescue of for nuclear accidents. A reasonable evacuation route can reduce evacuation times and protect people’s life. The evacuation route of the nuclear power plant is abstracted into a network diagram and a mathematical model of evacuation optimization route based on the graph theory and the parity of spot diagram method in this paper. Road traffic capacity and other external factors that may affect emergency evacuation are considered in the time weight factor for each road. Finally, an example is given to verify the feasibility of the model.

scholarly journals Validation of Unit 1 of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant during its Accident

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Shigenao Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi

Ten years have passed since the Great East Japan Earthquake and the subsequent accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) that occurred on March 11, 2011. The earthquake and tsunami caused significant loss of lives and widespread disaster in Japan. Several reports have been published on the nuclear accident; however, the original data released at the beginning of the accident were written in Japanese, and some of these documents are no longer accessible. Some of the scenarios pertaining to the accident have become standardized theories, and these scenarios may be passed down to future generations with different descriptions, which may not fully describe the actual occurrences. To prevent future nuclear accidents, the accident at Fukushima Daiichi must be properly understood and analyzed.

Nuclear Power Risks: Challenge to the Credibility of Science

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Impairment ◽  
Nuclear Reactor Safety ◽  
Special Responsibility

For a quarter of a century the Federal Government and the nuclear industry have deliberately deceived the American public about the risks of nuclear power. Facts have been systematically withheld, distorted, and obscured, and calculations have been deliberately biased in order to present nuclear power in an unrealistically favorable light. Most persistent and flagrant have been: (a) attempts to “normalize” public perception of nuclear accident casualties with those of more familiar accidents by emphasizing only acute fatalities and ignoring or downplaying the major effects of nuclear accidents, namely, health impairment and death years delayed; and (b) the cloaking of the objectively undocumentable faith of the atomic energy establishment that a nuclear accident is extremely unlikely in a smokescreen of invalid, pseudo-quantitative statistical probabilities in order to convince the public that the chance of an accident is negligible. Prime examples of these abuses are found in the Rasmussen report on nuclear reactor safety and in its representation to the public. The deceptive practices used in promoting nuclear power have seriously shaken public faith in government, technology, and science. The scientific community has a special responsibility to minimize such future political abuses of science. For those who were responsible for the deliberate breeches of public trust which resulted in this loss of faith, mere professional disdain will not suffice. They should be punished to the fullest extent of the law.

Key technologies of nuclear accident consequence assessment system based on OpenGIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Xiang Pu ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
Jianing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Assessment System ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Consequence Assessment ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Accident Consequence

Thaumazein at the Nuclear Anthropocene

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Nobuo Kazashi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Citizen Scientist ◽  
Whole Person ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Reflective Essay ◽  
Fukushima Disaster

This reflective essay brings to light the career and thought of nuclear chemist Jinzaburo Takagi (1938–2000), who devoted his whole career to the critique of nuclear power generation and the promotion of citizen-centered science. Looking at his life history, one recognizes some clear turning points. However, Takagi’s true engagement with the nuclear question began when he came face-to-face with the ubiquitous contamination of the earth by human-made radiation. It was a deep, revelatory astonishment that shook Takagi into radical questioning of his vocation as a scientist. It was, so to speak, an experience of “thaumazein at the nuclear anthropocene,” involving his whole person as a human being. In 1975 Takagi co-founded Citizens’ Nuclear Information Center in Tokyo, and he became a catalytic “citizen scientist” in the anti-nuclear power movements through his nation-wide and international activities spanning over a quarter-century. Takagi was a prolific and engaged writer, and he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award in 1997. Soon after, however, he was diagnosed with a variety of last-stage cancers. He penned books entitled To Live as a Citizen-Scientist, Liberation from Nuclear Power: Nine Spells that Would Annihilate Japan, and Why Are Nuclear Accidents Repeated? These books would be read widely, though quite belatedly and with deep regret, after the Fukushima disaster in 2011. This essay is a look at the warning messages Takagi emphasized in the books he left as his testaments not to repeat the disaster.

Chinese Public and Nuclear Experts May Have Different Perceptions Of Severe Nuclear Accidents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsingtzu Wu ◽  
Leyao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
The Public ◽  
Severe Accidents ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Chinese Public ◽  
Severe Nuclear Accident

Abstract Nuclear power has been a controversial social issue, and societal acceptance is critical to its development and future. In addition, risk informed rules and regulations rely on the public’s understanding. However, there seems a communication gap about nuclear safety between nuclear experts and the public in China, and three questionnaire surveys were conducted to better understand Chinese public’s perceptions of a severe nuclear accident. The sample sizes were 117, 280 and 1071. Most of the respondents were students or white-collar workers born after 1990. In these three surveys, we found that more than 85% of respondents consider a less severe accident as a severe nuclear accident, and most respondents considered an incident to constitute a severe nuclear accident. The results demonstrate that nuclear experts and Chinese public may have different definitions of a severe nuclear accident. Therefore, we suggest that the definition of severe accidents should be better explained to the public to benefit the communication about risk informed rules and regulations. In addition, our three different surveys yielded a similar result, and we anticipate that a questionnaire survey with a larger sample size would do the same.

scholarly journals Surveys of Food Intake Just after the Nuclear Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko HIRAKAWA ◽  
Nobuaki YOSHIZAWA ◽  
Kana MURAKAMI ◽  
Mari TAKIZAWA ◽  
Masaki KAWAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Nuclear Power Station ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi

scholarly journals Tweeting disaster: an analysis of online discourse about nuclear power in the wake of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. A02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Li ◽  
Heather Akin ◽  
Leona Yi-Fan Su ◽  
Dominique Brossard ◽  
Michael Xenos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
English Language ◽  
Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
The 2011 Tohoku Earthquake ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
Information Tools ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi

Of all the online information tools that the public relies on to collect information and share opinions about scientific and environmental issues, Twitter presents a unique venue to assess the spontaneous and genuine opinions of networked publics, including those about a focusing event like the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident following the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami. Using computational linguistic algorithms, this study analyzes a census of English-language tweets about nuclear power before, during, and after the Fukushima nuclear accident. Results show that although discourse about the event may have faded rapidly from the news cycle on traditional media, it evoked concerns about reactor safety and the environmental implications of nuclear power, particularly among users in U.S. states that are geographically closer to the accident site. Also, while the sentiment of the tweets was primarily pessimistic about nuclear power weeks after the accident, overall sentiment became increasingly neutral and uncertain over time. This study reveals there is a group of concerned citizens and stakeholders who are using online tools like Twitter to communicate about global and local environmental and health risks related to nuclear power. The implications for risk communication and public engagement strategies are discussed.

scholarly journals Radiation-Tolerance Assessment of a Redundant Wireless Device

2018 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Q. Huang ◽  
J. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Radiation Condition ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Radiation Tolerance ◽  
Monitoring Device ◽  
Wireless Monitoring ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Accident Conditions

This paper presents a method to evaluate radiation-tolerance without physical tests for a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)-based monitoring device for high level radiation fields, such as those found in post-accident conditions in a nuclear power plant (NPP). This paper specifically describes the analysis of radiation environment in a severe accident, radiation damages in electronics, and the redundant solution used to prolong the life of the system, as well as the evaluation method for radiation protection and the analysis method of system reliability. As a case study, a wireless monitoring device with redundant and diversified channels is evaluated by using the developed method. The study results and system assessment data show that, under the given radiation condition, performance of the redundant device is more reliable and more robust than those non-redundant devices. The developed redundant wireless monitoring device is therefore able to apply in those conditions (up to 10 M Rad (Si)) during a severe accident in a NPP.

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