scholarly journals Assessment of Critical Infrastructure Resilience to Flooding Using a Response Curve Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Murdock ◽  
Karin de Bruijn ◽  
Berry Gersonius
Keyword(s):  
Response Curve ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Flood Modelling ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience ◽  
Resilience Indicators ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Following a flood the functioning of critical infrastructure (CI), such as power and transportation networks, plays an important role in recovery and the resilience of the city. Previous research investigated resilience indicators, however, there is no method in the literature to quantify the resilience of CI to flooding specifically or to quantify the effect of measures. This new method to quantify CI resilience to flooding proposes an expected annual disruption (EADIS) metric and curve of disruption versus likelihood. The units used for the EADIS metric for disruption are in terms of people affected over time (person × days). Using flood modelling outputs, spatial infrastructure, and population data as inputs, this metric is used to benchmark CI resilience to flooding and test the improvement with resilience enhancing measures. These measures are focused on the resilience aspects robustness, redundancy and flexibility. Relative improvements in resilience were quantified for a case study area in Toronto, Canada and it was found that redundancy, flexibility, and robustness measures resulted in 44, 30, and 48% reductions in EADIS respectively. While there are limitations, results suggest that this method can effectively quantify CI resilience to flooding and quantify relative improvements with resilience enhancing measures for cities.

Using Resilience Indicators in the Prediction of Earthquake Recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venetia Despotaki ◽  
Luis Sousa ◽  
Christopher G. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Building Stock ◽  
Community Recovery ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Recovery Trajectory ◽  
Resilience Indicators ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

This paper presents a probabilistic methodology for the prediction of post-earthquake community recovery over time, based on a set of socioeconomic resilience parameters and a post-earthquake damage indicator. Pre-existing socioeconomic conditions are widely associated with the ability of a community to recover following an earthquake and, therefore, should be considered in a recovery prediction model. The city of Napa, California and the monitored recovery from the 2014 South Napa earthquake were used as a case study for the development and validation of the proposed methodology. The documentation of the recovery, which is herein associated with the recovery of the building stock, was accomplished via field surveys over a period of 18 months following the event. In addition to community-level recovery predictions in different areas over time, the methodology allows for the identification of the pre-existing socioeconomic parameters that most significantly affect the recovery trajectory. Thus, emergency managers can identify critical areas that take longer to recover, as well as identify strengths and weaknesses of their communities and respectively promote or address issues that facilitate recovery.

scholarly journals Becoming WestConnex – Becoming Sydney: Object-oriented politics, contested storylines and the multi-scalar imaginaries of building a motorway network in Sydney, Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110509
Author(s):  
Graham Haughton ◽  
Phil McManus
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Sydney Australia

Drawing on and developing literatures on automobilities, vertical urbanisms and the use of storylines to understand mega transport projects, we imagine infrastructure as a shifting assemblage of actors, storylines and material objects and practices. In the case of motorway building, this requires an understanding of how competing storylines about how both the infrastructure itself and the city it is located in are mobilised and politicised across diverse local geographies and multiple scales as the process proceeds. Our case study focuses on WestConnex, a 33 km motorway being built in Sydney, Australia. Similar to other major transport infrastructure projects, WestConnex morphed over time, growing in ambition, budget, complexity, debate and by enrolling new actors.

Virtual Cities as Memoryscapes

2020 ◽  
pp. 236-256
Author(s):  
Maria Alexandra ◽  
Gago Da Câmara ◽  
Helena Murteira ◽  
Paulo Simões Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Lisbon Earthquake ◽  
Historical Awareness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Over Time

The digital re-creation of a past city represents more than a mere depiction of its historical awareness; it also represents its imaginability. In retrospect, the imaginability of the city corresponds to the outcome of various perceptions that we have acquired of it over time, and which currently confers us with a certain degree of accuracy in its readability. The imaginability of the city is therefore a determining factor in virtually re-creating the latter and subsequently converting it into a memoryscape. This theory can be validated by the specific case study of Lisbon, Portugal, which has during the last few years been the subject of at least four projects that sought to virtually re-create the city’s past. Despite presenting themselves distinctively with different technological applications, the four projects held the same starting point; the great Lisbon earthquake of 1755 (a major disruptive event in its history), and were all focused on presenting the cityscape that was lost as a result. Lisbon’s iconography from the sixteenth century to the mid-eighteenth century (drawings, engravings, and paintings) was used as crucial data.

scholarly journals Assessing Resilience of Urban Critical Infrastructure Networks: A Case Study of Ahvaz, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Alizadeh ◽  
Ayyoob Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Design Pattern ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Infrastructure Networks ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Parts

Cities around the world increasingly recognize the need to build on their resilience to deal with the converging forces of urbanization and climate change. Given the significance of critical infrastructure for maintaining quality of life in cities, improving their resilience is of high importance to planners and policy makers. The main purpose of this study is to spatially analyze the resilience of water, electricity, and gas critical infrastructure networks in Ahvaz, a major Iranian city that has been hit by various disastrous events over the past few years. Towards this goal, we first conducted a two-round Delphi survey to identify criteria that can be used for determining resilience of critical infrastructure networks across different parts of the city. The selected criteria that were used for spatial analysis are related to the physical texture, the design pattern, and the scale of service provision of the critical infrastructure networks. Results showed that, overall, critical infrastructure networks in Ahvaz do not perform well against the measurement criteria. This is specially the case in Regions 1, 2, 4, and 6, which are characterized by issues such as old and centralized infrastructure networks and high levels of population density. The study highlights the need to make improvements in terms of the robustness, redundancy, and flexibility of the critical infrastructure networks in the city.

scholarly journals When a Patio Becomes a City

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Palacios Labrador ◽  
Beatriz Alonso Romero
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Demographic Growth ◽  
Over Time

In the 1950s, the city of Casablanca underwent a surge in demographic growth. Having become a strategic port during the French protectorate, it quickly had to accommodate more than 140,000 new arrivals from the countryside. The most extensive urban development project in the city was Carrières Centrales, introduced as a case study in the CIAM IX by the GAMMA team. Michel Écochard, Candilis and Woods reinterpreted the traditional Moroccan house in a compact horizontal fabric as well as in singular buildings. This became the typology not only for a house, but for the whole city. A revisit to Carrières Centrales 65 years after its construction provides an understanding of the metamorphosis that the urban fabric has undergone over time. The critical analysis in this research aims to uncover the main architectural and social parameters that have influenced its transformation. To achieve this goal, fieldwork was carried out during a research trip in October 2018. The work involved contacting local professors, accessing the archives of the University of Casablanca, interviewing the residents, and redrawing and graphing all the architectural elements that had changed since their construction. The urban fabric of Carrières Centrales was found to have evolved in a way that supports the following hypothesis: if an urban model imported into a developing country does not adapt to the changes in the life of its residents, it is considered a failure.

scholarly journals Gentrificación en el centro Metropolitano de Monterrey, 2010-2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (44) ◽  
pp. 84-97
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Campos-Sánchez ◽  
Jesus A. Trevino
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Housing Density ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Metropolitan Center ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Section Level

The purpose of the study is to identify areas that are possibly gentrified or in the process of being gentrified, through a localized typology of two components: youthification and an increase in the quality of life. This typology can be applied in similar investigations. Thisd paper addresses the case study of the Metropolitan Center of the City of Monterrey (CMM), Nuevo León, Mexico. The current urban regeneration plans and the increase of housing density in the CMM have caused a vertical real estate “boom” of apartment buildings and have strengthened the emergence of gentrification in the area, understood here as the decrease in social backwardness (increase in the quality of life) over time, with an increase in young adults (25 to 34 years-old), compared to older adults (60+ years-old). This article suggests a procedure to measure gentrification by overlapping the Index of Social Backwardness (ISB) at the Basic Geostatistical Area (AGEB) level, with a youthification index at the electoral section level between the 2010-2020 period. Both the decline of social backwardness (2010-2020) and youthification (2010-2020), are analytically articulated for successive census years, to generate a localized typology of the gentrification process.

Solarities or Solarculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Sheena Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Energy Futures ◽  
The North ◽  
Plant Site ◽  
Infrastructure Project ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
The City

This article takes the E. L. Smith Solar Farm, a proposed municipal solar energy infrastructure project in Edmonton, Alberta, as a case study of solar imaginaries as they intertwine with material and social realities. Set for installation at the E. L. Smith Water Treatment Plant site on the banks of the North Saskatchewan River in Edmonton’s River Valley, the largest urban greenspace in North America, this solar project has evoked divergent, sometimes unanticipated responses as stakeholders speculate about what futures are possible and preferable. The article examines the possibilities and challenges that the proposed E. L. Smith Solar Farm holds, as a municipal energy project, to positively disrupt oil-loyal provincial and federal power relations, specifically given the City of Edmonton’s August 2019 declaration of a climate emergency, the Wet’suwet’en cause and other solidarity blockades in Alberta and across Canada in early 2020, and Alberta’s subsequent Critical Infrastructure Bill 1, passed in early 2020. Investigating the ways in which the issues are being debated by various constituencies throughout the approval/rejection process, the article extrapolates approaches and strategies that might inform policy and proposes that not all solar powered projects are equal. While some produce solarities (more just energy futures), others operationalize solar energy’s good press towards solarcultural futures that are little more than an extension of the petrocultural status quo.

scholarly journals Identifying Constraints to Increase the Resilience of Cities: A Case Study of the City of Porto Alegre

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo da Silva Stefano ◽  
Daniel Pacheco Lacerda ◽  
Douglas Rafael Veit ◽  
Luis Henrique Pantaleão
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This study applies the BRIC – Baseline Resilience Indicator for Communities – as a case study to the city of Porto Alegre. The purpose of quantifying resilience is to allow the identification of the constraints of that city considering its 17 participatory budgeting regions to increase resilience over time. Utilizing five TOC focusing steps is suggested so that the identified constraints may be exploited and “broken” effectively. At the end, three significant constraints were identified, which lead to the conclusion that there is room for improvement in the city and in the adequacy of the tool regarding the proposed case, enabling further research opportunities.

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