scholarly journals Constructing the Embodied Carbon Flows and Emissions Landscape from the Perspective of Supply Chain

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingjian Zhao ◽  
Zuomin Wen ◽  
Anne Toppinen
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Government

From the perspective of supply chain, benchmarking the embodied carbon flows and emissions landscape is to study the carbon footprint in supply chain production and process management. On the basis of the theory of a green supply chain, this paper conducted its research through the following steps. First, a multi-level supply chain model was proposed and established, and various sectors, production and management processes, and inputs and outputs of different resources were integrated into the supply chain network, and then divided into multiple levels. Second, a multi-level embodied carbon flow and emissions model was established through the Leontief Inverse. Third, based on the operation data of forestry-pulp and paper companies, the embodied carbon flows and emissions at all levels and sectors were estimated and analyzed. Finally, the dismantling and processing methods of complex carbon network structures were explored, the hot-spot carbon sources and paths were obtained, and the low-carbon innovation and development strategies were proposed. The research results show that: (1) Supply chain is a new idea and carrier to study the spatial and state changes of carbon, and also provides a platform for spatial landscape analysis of carbon; (2) The modeling and calculation of carbon flows and emissions offer a new solution of evaluating the environmental performance of companies with high pollution and emission such as forestry-pulp and paper companies, and provide the government effective technical support to implement environmental regulations and formulate carbon emission reduction policies.

scholarly journals Embodied Carbon as a Material Selection Criterion: Insights from Sri Lankan Construction Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2202
Author(s):  
Amalka Nawarathna ◽  
Muditha Siriwardana ◽  
Zaid Alwan
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
The Government

The choice of materials is crucial in responding to the increasing embodied carbon (EC) impacts of buildings. Building professionals involved in material selection for construction projects have a vital role to play in this regard. This paper aimed to explore the extent to which building professionals in Sri Lanka considered EC as a material selection criterion. A questionnaire survey was conducted among a sample of building professionals in Sri Lanka. The results indicated that the consideration of EC as a material selection criterion remained low among key professionals, such as architects, engineers, and sustainability managers, despite their reasonable influencing powers and knowledge of EC. Those respondents who had considered EC as a selection criterion said they had been primarily driven by green building rating systems and previous experience. Those respondents who had not considered EC during material selection commonly reported that they had been prevented from doing so by the lack of regulations and the lack of alternative low carbon materials. Respondents believed that the involvement of actors, such as the government, professional bodies, environmental organizations, activist groups, and the public, may be significant in promoting the greater consideration of EC during material selection.

The problems facing agricultural sector in Zanzibar and the prospects of Waqf-Muzar’ah-supply chain model

Humanomics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issa Salim Moh’d ◽  
Mustafa Omar Mohammed ◽  
Buerhan Saiti
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Financial Models ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Interest ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Clove Industry

Purpose This paper aims to identify the appropriate model to address the financial challenges in agricultural sector in Zanzibar. Since the middle of 1960, clove production has continually and significantly decreased because of some problems and challenges that include financial ones. The financial intermediaries such as banks, cooperatives and micro-enterprises provide micro-financing to the farmers with high interest rates along with collateral requirements. The numerous programmes, measures and policies adopted by the relevant parties to find out the solutions to the dwindling clove production have failed. Design/methodology/approach The authors will review and examine several existing financial models, identify the issues and challenges of the current financial models and propose an appropriate Islamic financing model. Findings The numerous programmes, measures and policies adopted by the relevant parties to find out the solutions to the dwindling clove production have failed. This study, therefore, proposed a Waqf-Muzara’ah-supply chain model to address the financial challenge. Partnership arrangement is also suggested in the model to mitigate the issues of high interest rates and collateral that constrains the financial ability of the farmers and their agricultural output. Originality/value The contribution of the agricultural sector to the economic development of Zanzibar Islands is considerable. As one of the important agricultural sectors, the clove industry was the economic backbone of the government of Zanzibar. This study is believed to be a pioneering work; hence, it is the first study that investigates empirically the challenges facing the clove industry in Zanzibar.

Fair Share of Supply Chain Responsibility for Low Carbon Manufacturing

2016 ◽  
pp. 235-266
Author(s):  
Yu Mei Wong
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emissions Reduction ◽  
Consumer Responsibility ◽  
Embodied Carbon Emissions ◽  
Sharing Responsibility

Large amounts of carbon emissions and pollution are generated during the manufacturing process for consumer goods. Low carbon manufacturing has been increasingly enquired or requested by stakeholders. However, international trade blurs the responsibility for carbon emissions reduction and raises the questions of responsibility allocation among producers and consumers. Scholars have been examining the nexus of producer versus consumer responsibility among supply chains. Recently, there have been discussions on the share of producer and consumer responsibility. Both producer and consumer responsibility approaches have intrinsic shortcomings and are ineffective in curbing the rise of carbon emissions in supply chains. Shared responsibility based on the equity principle attempts to address these issues. This chapter relates a case study of carbon impact on China's export and economy with scenarios which show that the benefits of carbon reduction by producers can trickle down along the supply chain and motivate the sharing responsibility under certain circumstances. The share of producer and consumer responsibility for low carbon manufacturing can be enabled when embodied carbon emissions in goods and services are priced and such accurate information is available. A mechanism engaging the global participation is recommended. The author calls for further research on the system pricing embodied carbon emission, the universal standard to calculate the embodied carbon emissions and to disclose the information, and the way to secure global cooperation and participation.

Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Selecting and Designing a Mini LNG Plant: A Case Study of Batam Indonesia

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketut Buda Artana ◽  
Dinariyana Dwi Putranta ◽  
Irfan Syarief Arief ◽  
I MadeAriana
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Increase in demand for clean energy is one of the strategic issues in Indonesia nowadays, considering the significant economic growth of the country. A conventional LNG supply chain is not the best solution taking into consideration its high investment. The possibility of using a small scale LNG supply chain concept (Mini LNG) is recently sought by the government and private sectors in Indonesia. It is even more promising when we consider the amounts and number of stranded gas fields in the country. One of the main obstacles to the development plan is the geographical position of Indonesia as an archipelagic country. This paper presents a case study of LNG supply chain model of 10 mmscfd Gas Sales Agreement (GSA) in Batam and its design of LNG transportation model from Batam to Siantan-West Kalimantan [1]. The distance between Batam and Siantan is approximately 392 nautical miles. Two main objectives are covered in this paper. The first one is an implementation of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to select the best location for mini LNG plant, and the second one is to design the LNG supply chain model based on optimization approach. The AHP model uses a pairwise comparison of 4 (four) qualitative attributes and 14 (fourteen) sub-attributes. 3 alternatives of location for mini LNG plant are evaluated, namely: Tanjung Uncang, Pemping Island and Janda Berhias Island. A sensitivity analysis by varying the weight of some critical attributes is also conducted to ensure that preferred location is sensitively selected with minimum error. The optimization of the LNG supply chain model is carried out by means of Gradually Reduced Gradient (GRG) methods. The Objective is to attain one design that will minimize investment (cost). Decision variables of the model are LNG plant capacity, storage tank capacity in loading and receiving terminal, vessel size, number of round trip, number of operating vessels, regasification capacity at the receiving terminal, and others.

scholarly journals The Farmers’ Channel Selection and Sustainable Analysis under Carbon Tax Policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Zheng ◽  
Quangui Pang ◽  
Tianpei Li ◽  
Guizheng Wang ◽  
Yiji Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Channel Selection ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Deterioration Rate ◽  
Dual Channels ◽  
The Government

This paper examines a farmer’s channel selection in a supply chain led by a retailer, considering carbon emissions and products’ deterioration. Three channels—online channels, retail channels, and dual channels—are proposed. The inventory model of perishable products and the two-stage Stackelberg game model are used to illustrate the operational process. To compare performances of the three channel structures, we further determine the critical points consisting of the profits and the carbon emissions among these channels. The results provide useful insights for supply chain members and the government. Farmers can choose a channel to optimize profit with respect to deterioration rate and product yield, but it might conflict with the aim of least carbon emissions. When the deterioration rate is high, the online channel is not a suitable choice. For the government, the carbon tax contributes to the reduction of carbon emissions, but it also leads to the loss of the farmer’s profit. Additionally, numerical results further illustrate that, from the perspective of the government, transporting and inventory processes are two major sources of emissions, and it is essential to implement carbon tax and exploit low-carbon transportation.

scholarly journals A Vector Map of Carbon Emission Based on Point-Line-Area Carbon Emission Classified Allocation Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10058
Author(s):  
Hongjiang Liu ◽  
Fengying Yan ◽  
Hua Tian
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Central City ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Allocation Method ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Point Line

An explicit spatial carbon emission map is of great significance for reducing carbon emissions through urban planning. Previous studies have proved that, at the city scale, the vector carbon emission maps can provide more accurate spatial carbon emission estimates than gridded maps. To draw a vector carbon emission map, the spatial allocation of greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory is crucial. However, the previous methods did not consider different carbon sources and their influencing factors. This study proposes a point-line-area (P-L-A) classified allocation method for drawing a vector carbon emission map. The method has been applied in Changxing, a representative small city in China. The results show that the carbon emission map can help identify the key carbon reduction regions. The emission map of Changxing shows that high-intensity areas are concentrated in four industrial towns (accounting for about 80%) and the central city. The results also reflect the different carbon emission intensity of detailed land-use types. By comparison with other research methods, the accuracy of this method was proved. The method establishes the relationship between the GHG inventory and the basic spatial objects to conduct a vector carbon emission map, which can better serve the government to formulate carbon reduction strategies and provide support for low-carbon planning.

Low Carbon Footprint

2015 ◽  
pp. 324-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shabir Shaharudin ◽  
Yudi Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Supply Chain Networks ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Carbon Supply ◽  
The Government

Malaysia has committed to a 40% reduction of carbon emissions by 2020. The government has encouraged industry, society, and non-government organizations to work together to achieve this objective. The government has provided incentives through several energy programmes such as energy efficiency, renewable energy, green technology, and green building. One key area that has been targeted is logistics and supply chain, which has been contributing to high carbon emissions in manufacturing industries. Scholars and practitioners have only recently begun to pay attention to creating a low carbon supply chain. Furthermore, Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have faced several challenges in adopting low carbon activities. SMEs are unable to take the advantage of energy initiatives because of a lack of knowledge, a shortage of funds, and inadequate facilities. Almost 90% of firms are in the service industry working with large manufacturing firms and some SMEs working in manufacturing industry are working closely with their supply chain networks; achieving low carbon targets is hampered by the readiness of the manufacturing itself. This chapter discusses the challenges and future agenda of creating low carbon supply chains in manufacturing in Malaysia. Possible solutions are provided at the end of the chapter.

Studying the Complexity of Multichannel Supply Chain with Different Power Structures Under Carbon Subsidy Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 2150166
Author(s):  
Junhai Ma ◽  
Yi Tian ◽  
Liu Chengjin
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Bifurcation And Chaos ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
Subsidy Rate ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
The Government

The game characteristics and equilibrium strategies of a triple-channel supply chain under the carbon subsidy policy are studied in this work with three different game power structures. There are simultaneous decision-making, manufacturer-dominated market and retailer-dominated market. The decision mechanism for order quantity of manufacturer and dual-channel retailer, is discussed. Meanwhile, their complex dynamic characteristics are studied. It is found that when the government implements dual low-carbon subsidies, the supply chain system in which the manufacturer dominates the market is more stable. The government should pay attention to the power structure of the market to determine an appropriate subsidy rate. The over-adjustment of order quantity from manufacturer’s direct sales channel and retailer’s online channel both will lead to large periodical fluctuations in the system, and even bifurcation and chaos. These will cause substantial fluctuations and even loss in the profits of supply chain companies. This analysis shows that delayed feedback can effectively stabilize the periodic bifurcation and chaos in the system.

scholarly journals Low Carbon Distribution Channel Coordination with a Capital-Constrained Retailer

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Xianxue Cheng ◽  
Shuhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Carbon Distribution ◽  
Supply Chain Efficiency ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Government

Capital constraints exist in many supply chains. We examine a low carbon distribution channel that consists of a manufacturer and a retailer, in which the retailer is constrained by capital. The retailer can be financed by bank credit from a competitive bank market. A Stackelberg model is developed to analyze the integrated decision-making process of ordering, financing, and emission reduction. By comparing the decentralized and centralized channels, we obtain that the manufacturer’s green technology investment should be linearly proportional to the retailer’s order quantity in both channels. Thus, a large order quantity leads to increased efforts to reduce emissions. Results further show that the centralized channel in some cases has fewer emissions and can generate more profits for the whole supply chain compared with the decentralized channel. We therefore propose a revenue sharing contract with a function form to coordinate the distribution channel. When the government allocates appropriate quotas to the supply chain, high carbon price can benefit the environment and supply chain efficiency.

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