scholarly journals Assessing Farmers’ Willingness to Participate in Campaign-Based Watershed Management: Experiences from Boset District, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Assefa ◽  
Aad Kessler ◽  
Luuk Fleskens
Keyword(s):  
Watershed Management ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
To Come

This study assessed farmers’ perceptions of the outcomes of the Campaign-Based Watershed Management (CBWM) program in Ethiopia, and how this influences their willingness to participate in the program. Key informant interviews, a household survey, and the Google Earth Engine were used to collect and analyze the relevant data. Results show that farmers’ perceived outcomes of the CBWM program hardly motivated them to participate in the program. Particularly, farmers were not motivated by the physical effects of the program, because of the limited direct benefits to individual households, and destruction of previously developed micro-watersheds by frequent runoff and human and animal disturbances. Similarly, farmers were not motivated by the economic effects of the program, because of the limitations/absence of benefit-sharing mechanisms and resultant conflicts among farmers. The only motivating outcome of the program concerned its effect on personal capacities, which was particularly appreciated in localities that were vulnerable to erosion. The results of the study suggest the need to (1) better integrate actions at watershed level to come to effective water runoff control, (2) enhance the participation of all local actors to come to more effective area closure initiatives with transparent benefit-sharing mechanisms, and (3) give much more emphasis to capacity building as a cross-cutting component in the program. Hence, in order to enhance the willingness of farmers to genuinely participate in the CBWM, the program should adopt a more participatory and integrated approach.

scholarly journals The Cost of Wind: Negative Economic Effects of Global Wind Energy Development

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3667
Author(s):  
John Dorrell ◽  
Keunjae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Abstract Level ◽  
To Come ◽  
Wind Energy Development

This paper provides a structured literature review of the negative economic effects associated with the development of wind energy and synthesized the evidence at an abstract level. We then developed an analytical framework to systematically review economic issues such as volatility, electricity price, housing values, and unemployment in relation to wind energy. Global wind energy development data from the time period from 2000 through 2019 were included for a more robust analysis. This period encompasses the vast majority of total global installed wind energy capacity. After amalgamating evidence from existing studies and data banks, we discuss the policy implications, suggest avenues for future research, and propose solutions to mitigate externalities. By understanding the negative economic impact created by the expansion of wind energy, we can better equip policy makers and developers to create more efficient and sustainable energy policy to benefit citizens and preserve the environment for generations to come.

The Protection and Sustainable Exploitation of Genetic Resources of the High Seas from the European Union's Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
Serge Beslier
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Near Future ◽  
High Seas

AbstractThis paper examines how marine biodiversity and genetic resources in the high seas can be protected and whether their exploitation should be regulated. As to their protection, it raises the question whether existing sectoral approaches should continue or to create a new mechanism based on an integrated approach. In accordance with the European Union's position, the latter is favoured, while acknowledging that several States still have reservations and question the need for new legal instruments. Concerning the necessity of a regulatory scheme governing their exploitation, existing mechanisms under the Law of the Sea Convention and the Convention on Biological Diversity are examined and it is concluded that they are not applicable or do not provide for specific rules on this issue. It is further presumed that the resulting absence of a clear framework is acceptable because the potential of commercial exploitation is still uncertain, so that there will only be scientific research without vital negative impact on the marine environment in the near future. It is suggested that the international community should rather focus on defining the legal status of genetic resources and clarifying whether they belong to the common heritage of mankind and require a benefit-sharing system, as proposed by developing countries.

scholarly journals Identification of Risk Areas for Intestinal Schistosomiasis, Based on Malacological and Environmental Data and on Reported Human Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R. S. Coelho ◽  
Fabrício T. O. Ker ◽  
Amanda D. Araújo ◽  
Ricardo. J. P. S. Guimarães ◽  
Deborah A. Negrão-Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Risk Maps

The aim of the present study was to use an integrated approach for the identification of risk areas for Schistosoma mansoni transmission in an area of low endemicity in Minas Gerais, Brazil. For that, areas of distribution of Biomphalaria glabrata were identified and were related to environmental variables and communities with reported schistosomiasis cases, in order to determine the risk of infection by spatial analyses with predictive models. The research was carried out in the municipality of Alvorada de Minas, with data obtained between the years 2017 and 2019 inclusive. The Google Earth Engine was used to obtain geo-climatic variables (temperature, precipitation, vegetation index and digital elevation model), R software to determine Pearson's correlation and MaxEnt software to obtain an ecological model. ArcGis Software was used to create maps with data spatialization and risk maps, using buffer models (diameters: 500, 1,000 and 1,500 m) and CoKriging. Throughout the municipality, 46 collection points were evaluated. Of these, 14 presented snails of the genus Biomphalaria. Molecular analyses identified the presence of different species of Biomphalaria, including B. glabrata. None of the snails eliminated S. mansoni cercariae. The distribution of B. glabrata was more abundant in areas of natural vegetation (forest and cerrado) and, for spatial analysis (Buffer), the main risk areas were identified especially in the main urban area and toward the northern and eastern extensions of the municipality. The distribution of snails correlated with temperature and precipitation, with the latter being the main variable for the ecological model. In addition, the integration of data from malacological surveys, environmental characterization, fecal contamination, and data from communities with confirmed human cases, revealed areas of potential risk for infection in the northern and eastern regions of the municipality. In the present study, information was integrated on epidemiological aspects, transmission and risk areas for schistosomiasis in a small, rural municipality with low endemicity. Such integrated methods have been proposed as important tools for the creation of schistosomiasis transmission risk maps, serve as an example for other communities and can be used for control actions by local health authorities, e.g., indicate priority sectors for sanitation measures.

scholarly journals Effective Factors on Stakeholders’ Willingness to Participate at Watershed Management Projects in Hezarkhani Watershed

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
عباس الیاسی ◽  
کاکا شاهدی ◽  
شفق رستگار ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Watershed Management ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Effective Factors

An Integrated Approach for Stakeholder Participation in Watershed Management

2018 ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khai Ern Lee ◽  
Ramli Abdullah ◽  
Marlia Mohd Hanafiah ◽  
Azhar Abdul Halim ◽  
Mazlin Mokhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Watershed Management ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Integrated Approach

scholarly journals Strategies to Enhance Adherence to Participatory Village Land use Plans in Ulanga District in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
M. N. Naiposha ◽  
E. F. Nzunda
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Land Use Plan

Land use plans have been considered as a solution to land use problems. Effectiveness of implementation of land use plan relies on a number of factors including strategies that are used to enhance adherence to the land use plan. For the study area, current and potential strategies to enhance adherence to land use plans had previously not been assessed. Thus this study assessed current and potential strategies used to enhance adherence to participatory village land use plans in Ulanga District, Tanzania. Data were collected through household survey of 120 respondents from two villages, key informants interviews, focus group discussions, field observation, review of guidelines for land use planning, village and use plans, district land use framework, books and journals. Information from household survey and village records were descriptively analysed to obtain frequencies and percentages. Information from key informants and focus groups was analysed by content analysis. Current strategies used included by-laws, boundary demarcation, zoning, community action plan, and conflict resolution. The current strategies were ineffectively implemented and enforced due to inadequate awareness, inadequate fines and penalties, funding limitations, weak governance and inefficient coordination and monitoring. Potential strategies that should be implemented include education, awareness raising, capacity building and benefit sharing.

scholarly journals Integrated Approach for Sustainable Hydropower Development in the Mekong River Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Ngoc Bao ◽  
Bijon Kumer Mitra ◽  
Tetsuo Kuyama
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
Mekong River Basin ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Trade Offs

This paper analyses roles of integrated approach to establish a regional mechanism for sustainable hydropower development in the Mekong River Basin. Based on a critical review of the current trend of hydropower development, it argued that existing approach of uncoordinated Mekong mainstream hydropower development cannot ensure sustainable development; rather it causes negative impacts on food security, livelihoods, biodiversity, and ecosystem across the river basin, especially countries in Lower Mekong Basin (LMB), including Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. As a result, it fails to bring positive net benefits at both national and regional level. Specifically, if all proposed mainstream dams are constructed and fully operated, Lao PDR is the only economically winner of billions USD after 20 years, while Thailand, Cambodia, and Viet Nam are losers, and total net value will be minus 275 billion USD. Early recognition of the “nexus” interactions amongst hydropower development and cross-border food security, water security and livelihoods can minimise the risk of diplomatic conflicts and social unrest, and is only enabled when member states are willing to divert high-level government priorities from national interests to transboundary interests, as implementing the nexus approach throughout the river basin could contribute to reducing trade-offs between hydropower development and basin-wide socio-economy, and increase synergies through implementation of benefit-sharing mechanisms towards a win-win outcome. It recommends strengthening the Mekong River Commission via bolstered resources and coordinating authority, and encourages China to participate as a full member. It also argues that transboundary Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) of river projects should be conducted to reflect the synergic and trade-off nexus effect across the whole river basin.

Stadt und Wald, eine neue Symbiose? (Essay) | Cities and forests – a new symbiosis? (essay)

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (8) ◽  
pp. 216-219
Author(s):  
Peter Baccini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
To Come ◽  
Water Cycles

Forests, from a natural sciences perspective, are long-living ecosystems. After fifty years of intensive environmental research, their crucial role in global and regional carbon and water cycles and in the development of biodiversity is now understood much better; therefore, the political efforts to protect forests have increased. However, if seen in too narrow a way, the paradigm of “protection” endangers the opening towards an integrated approach to urban design in which new and alternative types of forests may play an important role in the evolution of new cultural landscapes. It is a sociopolitical decision that is still to come.

An integrated approach to the study of local production and exchange in the lower Pontine plain

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 349-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijs Tol ◽  
Barbara Borgers
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Roman Economy ◽  
Kiln Site ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
To Come ◽  
Geological Units

Prevailing models of the Roman economy tend to focus on long-distance exchange and are biased towards urban centres; thereby, much emphasis is placed on imported pottery, seen as an indicator for a strongly globalized and economically integrated market. Yet Roman economic networks must have been much more complex, with most communities strongly embedded in their local environment and depending chiefly on short- and medium-distance trade for their everyday goods. The evidence for such relationships has to come from a comprehensive investigation of local and regional systems of ceramic production and exchange. While this topic has received attention especially in areas with extensive evidence for kiln sites or in areas made up of relatively distinct geological units, the available evidence for central Italy, being still rather incomplete and of varied quality, displays a number of biases. For example, the evidence for ceramic production is often provided by the detailed investigation of just one kiln site, and such cases are seldom considered within their broader spatial, social and economic contexts in a way that would allow inferences to be drawn on the mechanisms of production and distribution on a local scale.

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