scholarly journals Life-Cycle Assessment of Brazilian Transport Biofuel and Electrification Pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kain Glensor ◽  
María Rosa Muñoz B.
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Nitrous Oxides ◽  
Urban Bus ◽  
Business As Usual

Biofuels and electrification are potential ways to reduce CO2 emissions from the transport sector, although not without limitations or associated problems. This paper describes a life-cycle analysis (LCA) of the Brazilian urban passenger transport system. The LCA considers various scenarios of a wholesale conversion of car and urban bus fleets to 100% electric or biofuel (bioethanol and biodiesel) use by 2050 compared to a business as usual (BAU) scenario. The LCA includes the following phases of vehicles and their life: fuel use and manufacturing (including electricity generation and land-use emissions), vehicle and battery manufacturing and end of life. The results are presented in terms of CO2, nitrous oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions, electricity consumption and the land required to grow the requisite biofuel feedstocks. Biofuels result in similar or higher CO2 and air pollutant emissions than BAU, while electrification resulted in significantly lower emissions of all types. Possible limitations found include the amount of electricity consumed by electric vehicles in the electrification scenarios.

Life Cycle Analysis of Emissions from Electric and Gasoline Vehicles in Different Regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Romejko ◽  
◽  
Masaru Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered a promising technology to mitigate air pollution and resource depletion problems. The emissions from the manufacturing process can cause severe health problems like chronic asthma and even death. Automakers and policy makers need to investigate the lifecycle emissions of EVs in different regions and then governments should decide if it is safe to establish EV production facilities in their country or whether it is more appropriate to import finished products. The objective of this study is to evaluate the air pollutant emissions produced by EVs and gasoline vehicles (GVs) during their life cycles under two technology scenarios. Life cycle analysis (LCA) was applied to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) and non-GHG emissions. We assessed air pollution from vehicles in Japan, China, and the United Kingdom (UK). Results indicate that EVs do not necessarily decrease pollutant emissions. EVs can improve air quality and reduce emissions in countries where electricity is derived from clean energy resources.

scholarly journals Should India move towards vehicle electrification? Assessing life-cycle greenhouse gas and criteria air pollutant emissions of alternative and conventional fuel vehicles in India.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapas Peshin ◽  
Shayak Sengupta ◽  
Inês Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Vehicle Class ◽  
Hybrid Electric

India is the third largest contributor of greenhouse gases and its transportation emissions account for nearly one-fifth of all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Furthermore, the transportation sector accounts a significant part of other air pollutant emissions that have damaging consequences to human health. Up until now, it was unclear what the greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions consequences of electrifying vehicles in India would be, as replacing traditional vehicles with electrified ones reduces tailpipe emissions, but it will increase the emissions from the power sector when vehicles are charging. We mitigate that gap in the literature by performing a state specific life-cycle assessment of GHGs and criteria air pollutant emissions for representative passenger vehicles (four-wheelers, three-wheelers, two-wheelers and buses) driven in Indian states/union territories. We consider several vehicle technologies (internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)). We find that in most states, four-wheeler BEVs have higher greenhouse gases and criteria air pollutant emissions than other conventional or alternative vehicles and thus electrification of that vehicle class would not lead to emissions reductions. In contrast, in most states, electrified buses and three-wheelers are the best strategy to reduce greenhouse gases, but these are also the worst solution in terms of criteria air pollutant emissions. Electrified two-wheelers have lower criteria air pollutant emissions than gasoline only in five states. The striking conclusion is that unless the Indian grid becomes less polluting, the case for widespread electrification of vehicles for sustainability purposes is simply not there. Moving towards a sustainable, low carbon and low pollution electricity grid is a requirement to make a widespread transportation electrification case for India.

scholarly journals Comparative Life Cycle Analysis of Hybrid and Conventional Drive Vehicles in Various Driving Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. D34-D41
Author(s):  
Emilia M. Szumska
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Alternative Drive ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
Lca Results

Growing environmental concern prompts vehicle users to search for cleaner and ecological transport modes. Many consumers and organizations have decided to replace conventional diesel or gasoline powered vehicles with alternative drive or alternative-powered vehicles. Operating conditions may have a heavy influence on the operating parameters of vehicles, such as: airpollution emission, energy consumption and fuel consumption. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the life cycle of conventional and hybrid drive vehicles in various driving conditions. The presented LCA results show that replacing a conventional diesel or gasoline vehicle with a hybrid electric drive vehicle results in approximately 40 % lower total lifetime air-pollutant emissions than those of conventional drive vehicles in urban driving conditions.

Life cycle cost assessment of urban buses equipped with conventional and alternative propulsion drive

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 395-404
Author(s):  
Emilia Szumska ◽  
Ewelina Sendek-Matysiak ◽  
Marek Pawełczyk
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Cost Assessment ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hybrid Bus ◽  
Urban Bus

The number of urban buses equipped with alternative propulsion drives is increasing in Polish public transport companies. The subsidy from European Union funds and governmental programs contribute to increasing number of environmentally friendly means of transport. The life cycle cost (LCC) methodology can provide an understanding of economic aspects of urban bus equipped in different types of propulsion. The LCC analysis delivers the sum of costs related to the acquisition, operation, maintenance and disposal of each bus technology system. The aim of this study is to estimate and compare the life cycle cost of conventional bus, hybrid bus, and CNG powered bus. The paper also provide the total air pollutant emissions through the lifetime of each urban analyzed bus.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Economic Performance, Electricity Consumption, and Environmental Pollutants in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Wen-jie Zou ◽  
Tai-Yu Lin ◽  
Yung-ho Chiu ◽  
Ting Teng ◽  
Kuei Ying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Overall Efficiency

Finding the balance between economic development and environmental protection is a major problem for many countries around the world. Air pollution caused by economic growth has caused serious damage to humans’ living environment, and as improving energy and resource efficiencies is the first priority, many countries are targeting to move towards a sustainable environment and economic development. This study uses the modified dynamic SBM (slack-based measure) model to explore the economic efficiency and air pollutants emission efficiency in Taiwan’s counties and cities from 2012 to 2015 by taking labor, motor vehicles, and electricity consumption as inputs and average disposable income as output. Particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen oxide emissions (NO2), and sulfur oxide emissions (SO2) are undesirable outputs, whereas factory fixed assets are a carry-over variable, and the results show the following: (1) the regions with the best overall efficiency between 2012 and 2015 include Taipei City, Keelung City, Hsinchu City, Chiayi City, and Taitung County; (2) in counties and cities with poor overall efficiency performance, the average disposable income per household has no significant relationship with air pollutant emissions; (3) in counties and cities where overall efficiency is poor, the average efficiency of each household’s disposable income is small; and (4) except for the five counties and cities with the best overall performance, the three air pollutants in the other fourteen counties and cities are high. Overall, the air pollution of most areas needs improvement.

Life cycle analysis of energy supply infrastructure for conventional and electric vehicles

Energy Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 537-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lucas ◽  
Carla Alexandra Silva ◽  
Rui Costa Neto
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Energy Supply

scholarly journals Global Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on the Surface Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide and Ozone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph A. Keller ◽  
Mathew J. Evans ◽  
K. Emma Knowland ◽  
Christa A. Hasenkopf ◽  
Sruti Modekurty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Night Time ◽  
The Us ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Surface O3

Abstract. Social-distancing to combat the COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread reductions in air pollutant emissions. Quantifying these changes requires a business as usual counterfactual that accounts for the synoptic and seasonal variability of air pollutants. We use a machine learning algorithm driven by information from the NASA GEOS-CF model to assess changes in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) at 5756 observation sites in 46 countries from January through June 2020. Reductions in NO2 correlate with timing and intensity of COVID-19 restrictions, ranging from 60 % in severely affected cities (e.g., Wuhan, Milan) to little change (e.g., Rio de Janeiro, Taipei). On average, NO2 concentrations were 18 % lower than business as usual from February 2020 onward. China experienced the earliest and steepest decline, but concentrations since April have mostly recovered and remained within 5 % to the business as usual estimate. NO2 reductions in Europe and the US have been more gradual with a halting recovery starting in late March. We estimate that the global NOx (NO + NO2) emission reduction during the first 6 months of 2020 amounted to 2.9 TgN, equivalent to 5.1 % of the annual anthropogenic total. The response of surface O3 is complicated by competing influences of non-linear atmospheric chemistry. While surface O3 increased by up to 50 % in some locations, we find the overall net impact on daily average O3 between February–June 2020 to be small. However, our analysis indicates a flattening of the O3 diurnal cycle with an increase in night time ozone due to reduced titration and a decrease in daytime ozone, reflecting a reduction in photochemical production. The O3 response is dependent on season, time scale, and environment, with declines in surface O3 forecasted if NOx emission reductions continue.

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