scholarly journals Comparative Life Cycle Analysis of Hybrid and Conventional Drive Vehicles in Various Driving Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. D34-D41
Author(s):  
Emilia M. Szumska
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Alternative Drive ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
Lca Results

Growing environmental concern prompts vehicle users to search for cleaner and ecological transport modes. Many consumers and organizations have decided to replace conventional diesel or gasoline powered vehicles with alternative drive or alternative-powered vehicles. Operating conditions may have a heavy influence on the operating parameters of vehicles, such as: airpollution emission, energy consumption and fuel consumption. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the life cycle of conventional and hybrid drive vehicles in various driving conditions. The presented LCA results show that replacing a conventional diesel or gasoline vehicle with a hybrid electric drive vehicle results in approximately 40 % lower total lifetime air-pollutant emissions than those of conventional drive vehicles in urban driving conditions.

Life Cycle Analysis of Emissions from Electric and Gasoline Vehicles in Different Regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Romejko ◽  
◽  
Masaru Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered a promising technology to mitigate air pollution and resource depletion problems. The emissions from the manufacturing process can cause severe health problems like chronic asthma and even death. Automakers and policy makers need to investigate the lifecycle emissions of EVs in different regions and then governments should decide if it is safe to establish EV production facilities in their country or whether it is more appropriate to import finished products. The objective of this study is to evaluate the air pollutant emissions produced by EVs and gasoline vehicles (GVs) during their life cycles under two technology scenarios. Life cycle analysis (LCA) was applied to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) and non-GHG emissions. We assessed air pollution from vehicles in Japan, China, and the United Kingdom (UK). Results indicate that EVs do not necessarily decrease pollutant emissions. EVs can improve air quality and reduce emissions in countries where electricity is derived from clean energy resources.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Assessment of Brazilian Transport Biofuel and Electrification Pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kain Glensor ◽  
María Rosa Muñoz B.
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Nitrous Oxides ◽  
Urban Bus ◽  
Business As Usual

Biofuels and electrification are potential ways to reduce CO2 emissions from the transport sector, although not without limitations or associated problems. This paper describes a life-cycle analysis (LCA) of the Brazilian urban passenger transport system. The LCA considers various scenarios of a wholesale conversion of car and urban bus fleets to 100% electric or biofuel (bioethanol and biodiesel) use by 2050 compared to a business as usual (BAU) scenario. The LCA includes the following phases of vehicles and their life: fuel use and manufacturing (including electricity generation and land-use emissions), vehicle and battery manufacturing and end of life. The results are presented in terms of CO2, nitrous oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions, electricity consumption and the land required to grow the requisite biofuel feedstocks. Biofuels result in similar or higher CO2 and air pollutant emissions than BAU, while electrification resulted in significantly lower emissions of all types. Possible limitations found include the amount of electricity consumed by electric vehicles in the electrification scenarios.

Life cycle analysis of mortars and its environmental impact

2005 ◽  
Vol 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Moropoulou ◽  
Christopher Koroneos ◽  
Maria Karoglou ◽  
Eleni Aggelakopoulou ◽  
Asterios Bakolas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Cement Binder ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Lca Results

AbstractOver the years considerable research has been conducted on masonry mortars regarding their compatibility with under restoration structures. The environmental dimension of these materials may sometimes be a prohibitive factor in the selection of these materials. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool that can be used to assess the environmental impact of the materials. LCA can be a very useful tool in the decision making for the selection of appropriate restoration structural material. In this work, a comparison between traditional type of mortars and modern ones (cement-based) is attempted. Two mortars of traditional type are investigated: with aerial lime binder, with aerial lime and artificial pozzolanic additive and one with cement binder. The LCA results indicate that the traditional types of mortars are more sustainable compared to cementbased mortars. For the impact assessment, the method used is Eco-indicator 95

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN ONTARIO

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimin Zhang ◽  
Shiva Habibi ◽  
Heather L. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions

The electricity generation sector is far from sustainable; in Ontario, 77% of electricity consumed is generated from non-renewable sources such as coal, natural gas and nuclear. As a result, this sector contributes significantly to many environmental challenges including global warming, smog formation, and acid deposition. It is critical to improve the sustainability of electricity generation through the incorporation of sustainable design concepts. Sustainable design takes into account the environmental performance of a product or process over its entire life cycle (including design and development, raw material acquisition, production, use, and end-of-life). Innovative design has resulted in new technologies for electricity generation. Generating electricity from biomass is one of the alternative technologies which could have the potential to improve the sustainability of the electricity generation sector. In this research we examine various scenarios for displacing coal-based generation. Coal gasification is a mature technology and to replace some or all of the feedstock with biomass, a re-design of some portions of the electricity generation technology are required. The technical changes in the process depend on several issues including the physical and chemical characteristics of biomass. We evaluate the environmental performance of electricity generation from agricultural residues through conducting a life cycle inventory for three biomass-to-electricity scenarios for the Province of Ontario; 1) a 5% co-firing of agricultural residues with coal in existing coal plants, 2) a 15% co-firing of agricultural residues with coal in existing coal plants, and 3) a hypothetical power plant which produces electricity from 100% agricultural residues using biomass gasification technology. For comparison purposes, we analyze a current coal only option using plant specific data. We quantify life cycle energy use, greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions for electricity. Our results suggest that on a life cycle basis electricity generated from biomass can achieve a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 4% (for the 5% biomass co-firing) to 96% (for the 100% biomass gasification) compared to the coal-only option. Similarly, reductions in air pollutant emissions (sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter) range from 4% to 98%. Our study indicates that life cycle analysis is a useful tool for assisting decision makers in the selection of more sustainable design options for future electricity generation.

scholarly journals Assessment of Total Costs of Ownership for Midsize Passenger Cars with Conventional and Alternative Drive Trains

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Emilia Szumska ◽  
Rafal Jurecki ◽  
Marek Pawelczyk
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Total Cost Of Ownership ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Cost Of Ownership ◽  
Alternative Drive ◽  
Drive Trains ◽  
The Cost

The number of alternatively powered vehicles in Poland and EU is growing steadily. Different type of vehicle drive trains determine variations in their performances from economical and environmental technological aspects. The aim of this paper was to investigate the cost efficiency and environmental aspects of midsize passenger cars equipped with different drive train technologies: conventional, hybrid, electric and LPG fueled engine. To this purpose, the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) method was used. Calculations were carried out by AFLEET Tool. The results show that the LPG fueled car has the lowest TCO, while the cars equipped with electric drivetrain indicate the highest TCO. However the electric car recorded the lowest cost of air pollutant emissions and externalities costs.

NEMO project: developing a N-RSD (Noise Remote Sensing Device) to identify high noise emitters in the road traffic flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. 1773-1783
Author(s):  
Maximilian Ertsey-Bayer ◽  
Nikolas Kirchhoff ◽  
Sonia Alves ◽  
Bert Peeters ◽  
Viggo Henriksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Driving Conditions

NEMO (Noise and Emissions MOnitoring and Radical mitigation) is a research project aiming at developing an autonomous system to detect noise and air pollutant emissions from individual vehicles within the traffic flow. The objective is to identify high emitters within the normal traffic. For noise, a high emitter is a vehicle that is either in a poor or modified condition (e.g., with an illegal or malfunctioning exhaust) or that is driven in a noisy way (fast acceleration, high engine speed in low gear, etc.). A vehicle that has been type approved, is well maintained, and is driven under normal conditions is never a high-emitter vehicle, even if it is subjectively perceived as annoying. A Noise Remote Sensing Device (N-RSD) is being developed. This device will capture, for each individual vehicle, the driving conditions (vehicle speed, acceleration, engine speed and load) and the single-event noise levels and spectral characteristics. The noise levels will be normalized to comparable driving conditions and fed into a classification model. The classification model will then be able to identify the high emitters vehicles. When finished, the NEMO system will allow cities and road authorities to reduce annoyance and health impacts from noisy and polluting vehicles, for instance by raising awareness among drivers or by restricting access to low emission zones.

COMPARISON OF LIFE CYCLE COST OF CENTRALIZED AND SPLIT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharma Hagare ◽  
Jason Ho ◽  
Swapan Saha
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Central System ◽  
Operating Schedule ◽  
Ac Systems ◽  
Split System

Central and split systems are the two most common air conditioning (AC) systems used in residential applications. Central system employs one large unit to produce and distribute conditioned air through a system of ductwork. On the other hand, the split system, employs several small ACs. Each AC consisted of outdoor and indoor units to produce conditioned air directly to the designed area. Each system has distinct strengths and weaknesses. Depending on the structure of cooling area and operating schedule, the performance of each system will be different. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of various parameters such as operating schedule and building characteristics to the performance of central and split AC systems over the 25 years of their operation. The life cycle analysis (LCA) considered essential factors which have significant impact on the energy consumption and both initial and operating costs of the two systems. All required sections of life cycle analysis are included according to the relevant Australian Standards. The results indicated that under standard operating conditions, central system is more economical and energy efficient than split system. However, when the flexibility in operation of split system is considered, there was a significant reduction in its operating cost, which was below that of central system. Overall, total life cycle cost of split system was slightly lower than central system. Also, considering the usage flexibility and the comfort of users, it appears that the split system is more suitable than the central AC system for residential buildings.

scholarly journals Should India move towards vehicle electrification? Assessing life-cycle greenhouse gas and criteria air pollutant emissions of alternative and conventional fuel vehicles in India.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapas Peshin ◽  
Shayak Sengupta ◽  
Inês Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Vehicle Class ◽  
Hybrid Electric

India is the third largest contributor of greenhouse gases and its transportation emissions account for nearly one-fifth of all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Furthermore, the transportation sector accounts a significant part of other air pollutant emissions that have damaging consequences to human health. Up until now, it was unclear what the greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions consequences of electrifying vehicles in India would be, as replacing traditional vehicles with electrified ones reduces tailpipe emissions, but it will increase the emissions from the power sector when vehicles are charging. We mitigate that gap in the literature by performing a state specific life-cycle assessment of GHGs and criteria air pollutant emissions for representative passenger vehicles (four-wheelers, three-wheelers, two-wheelers and buses) driven in Indian states/union territories. We consider several vehicle technologies (internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)). We find that in most states, four-wheeler BEVs have higher greenhouse gases and criteria air pollutant emissions than other conventional or alternative vehicles and thus electrification of that vehicle class would not lead to emissions reductions. In contrast, in most states, electrified buses and three-wheelers are the best strategy to reduce greenhouse gases, but these are also the worst solution in terms of criteria air pollutant emissions. Electrified two-wheelers have lower criteria air pollutant emissions than gasoline only in five states. The striking conclusion is that unless the Indian grid becomes less polluting, the case for widespread electrification of vehicles for sustainability purposes is simply not there. Moving towards a sustainable, low carbon and low pollution electricity grid is a requirement to make a widespread transportation electrification case for India.

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