scholarly journals Equity in Access to Outdoor Recreation—Informing a Sustainable Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Winter ◽  
William D. Crano ◽  
Tatiana Basáñez ◽  
Christopher S. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Information Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Equity In Access ◽  
Forest Visitation

Despite an increasingly ethnically and racially diverse population in the United States (U.S.), growing evidence indicates that minorities are underrepresented in national forest visitation. Many reasons for continuing underrepresentation have been examined, involving research reaching back multiple decades. In the current study, a random sample of residents (n = 1977) from four large metropolitan statistical areas in California was involved in a telephone survey about forest visitation. Analysis revealed a continuing pattern of inequities in lifetime visitation to a national forest, as well as recency of visitation. Constraints to national forest visitation show similarities among groups. Lack of time was the most often mentioned constraint, with resource-related constraints more frequently cited by minority respondents. In contrast to prior studies, a lack of information or concerns about discrimination were not cited by survey respondents, though the open-ended approach to top constraints may underpin some of this variation from prior research. The primary information source for outdoor recreation used most frequently and most trusted was the Internet, followed closely by social networks (family and friends). In the presentation of U.S. outdoor recreation information, natural resource management agencies, use groups, and opportunity providers would benefit from incorporating culturally relevant messaging and images to affirm the message of inclusion and welcome.

B7-H3 expression by immunohistochemistry as a negative prognostic biomarker in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) in a racially diverse population.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15127-e15127
Author(s):  
Meghan Kaumaya ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Kevin Kuan ◽  
Sorab Gupta ◽  
Shaomin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antigen Retrieval ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Significant Difference

e15127 Background: In CRC, utility of immunotherapy (IT) remains limited to persons with microsatellite instability–high (MSI-H) status. Immunotyping of CRC patients is critical towards further establishing IT's potential. Both incidence and survival rates for CRC in the United States vary between races due to multiple factors including genetic heterogeneity. In this study, we have profiled tumor samples in a racially diverse population for the expression of four different members of the B7 family of immune check point regulators. Methods: Tissue microarray (TMA) was generated from 208 CRC patients. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues were utilized for immunohistochemistry (IHC) post- antigen retrieval. Antibodies specific for IHC staining were used for B7-H3 (D9M2L), PD-L1(E1L3N), B7-H4/B7x(D1M81) and HHLA2(566.1). Each specimen was scored for percent staining of tumor tissue (4 quartile groups) and for intensity (1-4x), and then an overall score (1-16) was calculated. The clinical outcome of interest was overall survival (OS), measured as time from diagnosis of metastatic cancer to death. Analysis for differences in OS was by log rank test, while differences between mean staining was by t test. Race was designated as non-Hispanic white (NHW, n = 41), non-Hispanic black (NHB, n = 84), Hispanic (n = 75), and others (8). Results: B7-H3 protein expression showed strong cytoplasmic distribution. NHB patients had a mean lower expression than NHW patients (0.19 vs 0.41, p = 0.02). Correspondingly, NHB patients had a worse OS than NHW patients (606 vs 759 days). No discernible differences were found in Hispanic patients. PD-L1 showed membranous distribution with 17% expression without significant difference among patients of different racial origin. HHLA2 was more widely expressed with about 35% staining but without statistical significance. B7-H4/B7x failed to show any expression. Conclusions: Expression of B7H3 varies among patients with differential racial backgrounds. It has the potential to be a prognostic biomarker and may be a reason for worse outcome among NHB patients in our population. Other B7 immune checkpoint markers failed to show clinical relevance.

The National Question

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Shadle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Folk Music ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Antonin Dvorak ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Musical Identity ◽  
National Question

Although European composers had turned to folksongs for inspiration while writing instrumental pieces in the first half of the nineteenth century, their counterparts in the United States were much slower to adopt the practice. Given the country’s ethnically and racially diverse population, musicians did not reach a consensus about what folk music would be most appropriate to project an American national musical identity in the first place. By the early 1890s, however, the leading critic Henry Krehbiel had begun to argue that Antonín Dvořák would help US composers develop a folk-based style during his tenure as director of the National Conservatory.

Recreation economic values for estimating outdoor recreation economic benefits from the National Forest System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall S. Rosenberger ◽  
Eric M. White ◽  
Jeffrey D. Kline ◽  
Claire Cvitanovich
Keyword(s):  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Economic Values

scholarly journals Exploring the Use of Ecosystem Services Conceptual Models to Account for the Benefits of Public Lands: An Example from National Forest Planning in the United States

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Lydia Olander ◽  
Katie Warnell ◽  
Travis Warziniack ◽  
Zoe Ghali ◽  
Chris Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forest Planning ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Planning Team ◽  
National Forest Planning

A shared understanding of the benefits and tradeoffs to people from alternative land management strategies is critical to successful decision-making for managing public lands and fostering shared stewardship. This study describes an approach for identifying and monitoring the types of resource benefits and tradeoffs considered in National Forest planning in the United States under the 2012 Planning Rule and demonstrates the use of tools for conceptualizing the production of ecosystem services and benefits from alternative land management strategies. Efforts to apply these tools through workshops and engagement exercises provide opportunities to explore and highlight measures, indicators, and data sources for characterizing benefits and tradeoffs in collaborative environments involving interdisciplinary planning teams. Conceptual modeling tools are applied to a case study examining the social and economic benefits of recreation on the Ashley National Forest. The case study illustrates how these types of tools facilitate dialog for planning teams to discuss alternatives and key ecosystem service outcomes, create easy to interpret visuals that map details in plans, and provide a basis for selecting ecosystem service (socio-economic) metrics. These metrics can be used to enhance environmental impact analysis, and help satisfy the goals of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the 2012 Planning Rule, and shared stewardship initiatives. The systematic consideration of ecosystem services outcomes and metrics supported by this approach enhanced dialog between members of the Forest planning team, allowed for a more transparent process in identification of key linkages and outcomes, and identified impacts and outcomes that may not have been apparent to the sociologist who is lacking the resource specific expertise of these participants. As a result, the use of the Ecosystem Service Conceptual Model (ESCM) process may result in reduced time for internal reviews and greater comprehension of anticipated outcomes and impacts of proposed management in the plan revision Environmental Impact Statement amongst the planning team.

scholarly journals Myositis autoantibodies in a racially diverse population of children with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Mariko Perron ◽  
Natalia Vasquez-Canizares ◽  
Gabriel Tarshish ◽  
Dawn M. Wahezi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Phenotype ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Organ Involvement ◽  
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Parametric Testing ◽  
Overlap Myositis

Abstract Background Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (JIIMs) is a group of autoimmune disorders, including juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), juvenile polymyositis (JPM) and overlap myositis, that are characterized by proximal muscle weakness, elevated levels of serum muscle enzymes, and pathognomonic skin findings. While the exact etiology of JIIMs is unclear, the presence of myositis specific autoantibodies (MSAs) have been associated with certain clinical phenotypes, organ involvement and disease prognosis. To date, there have been few studies of the associations between MSA presence and patient ethnicity. It is important to understand the extent to which ethnicity impacts disease manifestations, organ involvement and clinical outcomes. The goal of our study is to determine MSA and myositis associated autoantibody (MAA) presence, clinical phenotype, and disease course in a racially diverse population of pediatric patients with JIIMs. Methods Patients age 2–21 years with a prior diagnosis of JDM, JPM or overlap myositis, who had been tested for MSA/MAA, were eligible for study inclusion. Clinical and laboratory data were collected retrospectively via manual chart review in this single-center study. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize each variable. Given the small sample size, non-parametric testing was performed using Fischer’s exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Thirty one patients were included in the analysis. Race and ethnicity were self-reported as Hispanic (48.4%), white (25.8%), and Black (25.8%). The most prevalent MSAs were anti-MDA5 (25.8%), anti-p155/140 (22.6%) and anti-MJ (19.4%). Presence of autoantibodies (p = 0.04) and pulmonary disease (p = 0.03) were significantly higher in patients of Black or Hispanic descent compared with white descent. Anti-MDA5 antibodies, cutaneous ulceration, cardiopulmonary involvement, hospitalizations and one death were only reported in patients with Black or Hispanic descent. Patients with anti-MDA5 antibodies were more likely to be male (p = 0.04) and to have cutaneous ulceration (p = 0.02). Conclusions This study describes the prevalence of MSA/MAA in a racially diverse group of patients with JIIM and further delineates clinical phenotype and disease complications in these groups. We found a relatively high proportion of children with anti-MDA5 antibodies and described potentially worse clinical courses in children of Black or Hispanic descent. Further investigation is warranted to examine these findings.

Overview of motorcycling in the United States: A national telephone survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne T. McCartt ◽  
Laura Blanar ◽  
Eric R. Teoh ◽  
Laura M. Strouse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals The Instability of Highly Racially Diverse Residential Neighborhoods in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Wright ◽  
Mark Ellis ◽  
Steven R. Holloway ◽  
Gemma Catney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Black Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Diversity

This research concerns the location and stability of highly racially diverse census tracts in the United States. Like some other scholars, the authors define such tracts conservatively, requiring the significant presence of at least three racialized groups. Of the approximately 65,000 tracts in the country, there were 197 highly diverse tracts in 1990 and 998 in 2010. Most were located in large metropolitan areas. Stably integrated highly diverse tracts were the exception rather than the rule. The vast majority of highly diverse tracts transitioned to that state from being predominantly White. Those that transitioned from being highly racially diverse were most likely to transition to being majority Latino. Although the absolute level of metropolitan racial diversity has no effect on the stability of high-diversity tracts, change in both metropolitan-scale racial diversity and population raise the probability of a tract’s transitioning to high diversity. Metropolitan-scale racial diversity did not affect the stability of highly diverse tracts, but it did alter the patterns of succession from them. The authors also found that highly diverse tracts were unstable and less likely to form in metropolitan areas with high percentages of Blacks. Increased metropolitan-level diversity mutes this Black population share effect by reducing the probability of high-diversity tract succession to a Black majority.

Incorporating Additional Tree and Environmental Variables in a Lodgepole Pine Stem Profile Model

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
John C. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Northern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Profile Model

Abstract A new variable-form segmented stem profile model is developed for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) trees from the northern Rocky Mountains of the United States. I improved estimates of stem diameter by predicting two of the model coefficients with linear equations using a measure of tree form, defined as a ratio of dbh and total height. Additional improvements were obtained by fitting this model to individual national forest data sets. Other tree and environmental variables tested but found of little use in improving stem profile estimates were crown ratio, habitat series, elevation, slope percent, and aspect. West. J. Appl. For. 8(3):86-90.

scholarly journals Neighborhood built environment impacts park use of diverse, low-income mothers and their children

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Lauren Mullenbach ◽  
Lincoln Larson ◽  
Myron Floyd ◽  
Oriol Marquet ◽  
Jing-Huei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Neighborhood Walkability ◽  
Park Use ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
Low Income Mothers ◽  
Neighborhood Built Environment

Built environment features, including parks, often exacerbate health disparities. We examined built environment perceptions and park use among a population at high risk for physical health outcomes: racially diverse, low-income mothers across the United States. Perceived safety from crime and living near a park were associated with more frequent park use for mothers and their children, and neighborhood walkability was linked to longer park visits. However, only 40% of mothers lived within a ten-minute walk from a park, and perceptions of walkability and safety from crime were low. To enhance physical activity and health of low-income mothers and their children, investments are needed to close disparities in park access and improve neighborhood safety.

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