scholarly journals A Meta-Analytic Approach to Predict Methane Emissions from Dairy Goats Using Milk Fatty Acid Profile

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4834
Author(s):  
Francisco Requena ◽  
Francisco Peña ◽  
Estrella Agüera ◽  
Andrés Martínez Marín
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this work was to develop an equation to predict methane yield (CH4, g/kg dry matter intake) from dairy goats using milk fatty acid (FA) profile. Data from 12 research papers (30 treatments and 223 individual observations) were used in a meta-regression. Since most of the selected studies did not extensively report milk fat composition, palmitic acid (C16:0) was selected as a potential predictor. The obtained equation was: CH4 (g/kg dry matter intake) = 0.525 × C16:0 (% in milk fat). The coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.46), the root mean square error of prediction (RMSPE = 3.16 g/kg dry matter intake), and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC = 0.65) indicated that the precision, accuracy and reproducibility of the model were moderate. The relationship between CH4 yield and C16:0 content in milk fat would be supported by the fact that diet characteristics that increase the amount of available hydrogen in the rumen for archaea to produce CH4, simultaneously favor the conditions for the synthesis of C16:0 in the mammary gland. The obtained equation might be useful, along with previous published equations based on diet characteristics, to evaluate the environmental impact of dairy goat farming.

Parity and grazing-time effects on milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Morales-Almaráz ◽  
B. de la Roza-Delgado ◽  
A. Soldado ◽  
A. Martínez-Fernández ◽  
A. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Time Effects

Milk fatty acid (FA) profiles of lactating Holstein dairy cows were determined to evaluate the effects of parity (primiparous or multiparous) and the grazing time (0, 6 and 12 h), complementary to a total mixed ration, in a 2 × 3 factorial design. The interaction of parity with grazing time did not affect milk production and protein content; however, dry matter intake of herbage, total dry matter intake and milk fat content were affected by the interaction (P < 0.05). Both factors affected the milk concentration of monounsaturated FAs. The 18 : 3 cis9 cis12, 18 : 2 cis9 trans11, and 18 : 3 cis9 cis12 cis15 concentrations in milk were higher (P < 0.05) in primiparous cows. Milk 18 : 2 cis9 trans11 concentration in primiparous cows with 12 h grazing (1.17 g/100 g FA) was 44% and 57% higher than with 6 h and 0 h grazing (0.66 and 0.50 g/100 g FA, respectively). Similar pattern was observed for 18 : 3 cis9 cis12 cis15. The milk 18 : 1 trans11 concentration was higher (P < 0.05) with 6 h and 12 h grazing than without grazing. In conclusion, the parity would appear to mainly affect the proportion of short-chain FAs, and had an important influence on the proportions of 18 : 2 cis9 trans11, and 18 : 3 cis9 cis12 cis15. These FAs and also 18 : 1 trans11 were modified by grazing time.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of the effect of glycerin inclusion in dairy cattle diet on milk fatty acid profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo N S Torres ◽  
João P A Bertoco ◽  
Maria C G de Arruda ◽  
Julia L Rodrigues ◽  
Larissa M Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Data Set

Abstract The use of glycerin in diets for dairy cows initially emerged as an alternative for the prevention and control of ketosis. However, despite some controversy, there are still several studies associating glycerin with increases in daily milk yield, with possible changes in its constituents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate, using a meta-analysis approach, the effect of glycerin inclusion in dairy cow diets on milk fatty acid. Twenty-two peer-reviewed publications with 66 treatment means were included in data set. The effect of glycerin inclusion in diet (treatment) were evaluated using random-effect models to examine the weighted mean differences (WMD) between a control diet (without glycerin in the diet) and the treatment diet. Heterogeneity was explored by meta-regression and subgroup analysis performed for: genetic type; days in milk; experimental period; glycerin in diet; glycerin type and concentrate in diet. Inclusion of glycerin in the diet increased the digestibility of dry matter and protein, as well as ruminal propionate. It did not affect dry matter intake (P = 0.351) and milk yield (P = 0.730). The effect of glycerin inclusion on the milk fat yield is dependent on the genetic group, in which Holstein (WMD = −0.04 kg/d; P = 0.010) and Holstein-crossbreed (WMD = −0.10 kg/d; P &lt; 0.0001) cows produced less fat in milk compared to Jersey cows, when glycerin was included in the diets. Glycine inclusions of up to 100 g/kg in the diet of dairy cows did not negatively affect milk production and composition. However, inclusions above 150 g/kg of glycerin in the diet reduced the concentration of fat, and of unsaturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA C18: 2 cis-9 and trans-11) in milk. The results reported in our meta-analysis does not demonstrate the effectiveness of glycerin in improving the composition of milk and a group of fatty acids of importance for human health such as C18: 2 cis-9, trans-11 CLA.

scholarly journals INCLUSION OF PROTECTED FAT IN DIETS ON THE MILK PRODUCTION AND COMPOSITION OF SAANEN GOATS

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Susan de Labio Molina ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Bruna Hygino ◽  
Sérgio Mangano de Almeida Santos ◽  
Ludmila Couto Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Maximum Point ◽  
Milk Samples

According on the fat source included in the diets for goats, the milk production can be increased and milk fatty acid composition can be improved. This study was conducted to evaluate the inclusion of protected fat (CSFA - calcium salts of fatty acids) in the diets of lactating Saanen goats on milk production and composition. Five Saanen goats (63.23 ± 9.08 kg body weight and 105 ± 3 days of lactation) were distributed in a Latin square design (5 × 5) with five diets: control (without the addition of CSFA) and the other diets with: 6.25, 12.50, 18.75 and 25.0 g CSFA per kg dry matter (g/kg DM), respectively. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production (MP) were evaluated. Milk samples were collected to determine milk composition and fatty acid profile. Feed efficiency (FE) was estimated. The supplementation of CSFA up to 25 g/kg DM did not influence the DMI, MP and FE. Milk components production (g/d) was not influenced by the inclusion CSFA in the diet; however, there was a linear reduction of 0.87 g protein per kg of milk for each 1% CSFA included in the diet. The concentration of linolenic acid (18:3n-3) in milk was improved with a maximum point of 24 g of CSFA per kg DM. CSFA can be included in the diets of lactating Saanen goats up to 25 g/kg DM with no interference on DMI and MP.

Effects of FABP4 variation on milk fatty-acid composition for dairy cattle grazed on pasture in late lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Yunhai Li ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
Long Cheng ◽  
Miriam Hodge ◽  
Jenny Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractThis research communication describes associations between variation in the fatty acid binding protein 4 gene (FABP4) and milk fat composition in New Zealand Holstein-Friesian × Jersey cross dairy cows. After correcting for the effect of the amino acid substitution p.K232A in diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), which is associated with variation in many milk fatty acid (FA) component levels, the effect of FABP4 c.328A/G on milk FA levels was typically small. For the five genotypes analysed, the AB cows produced more medium-chain fatty acids than CC cows (P < 0.05), and more C14:0 FA than AA and AC cows (P < 0.05). The AA and AC cows produced less C22:0 FA (P < 0.01) than the BC cows, and the AC cows produced more C24:0 FA (P < 0.05) than was produced by the BC cows. Cows of genotype CC produce more long-chain fatty acids than cows of genotype BC (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals CLA induced milk fat depression reduced dry matter intake and improved energy balance in dairy goats

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Baldin ◽  
R. Dresch ◽  
J. Souza ◽  
D. Fernandes ◽  
M.A.S. Gama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Milk Fat Depression

scholarly journals Milk fatty acid composition of dairy goats fed increasing levels of Flemingia macrophylla hay

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Isabel Das Neves Oiticica ◽  
Carlos Elysio Moreira da Fonseca ◽  
Fernando César Ferraz Lopes ◽  
Mirton José Frota Morenz ◽  
Marco Antônio Sundfeld da Gama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Flemingia Macrophylla

The effect of dietary inclusion of increasing levels of Flemingia macrophylla hay on the yield, composition and fatty acid profile of milk from Saanen x Boer goats was evaluated. The diets were composed of 40% concentrate and 60% forage. The treatments were defined by the level of inclusion of Flemingia hay in the diet (0, 80, 160, 240 and 320 g kg-1 dry matter) in replacement of the Cynodon dactylon cv. Tifton-85 hay, distributed according to a 5 x 5 Latin Square design. The inclusion of Flemingia in the diet did not change the milk yield or milk fat content but promoted a quadratic effect on the fat yield. A quadratic effect was observed on the milk protein and lactose contents, but this effect was not reflected in the daily production of these components. The concentrations of vaccenic, rumenic, elaidic and trans-10 C18:1 fatty acids in milk fat increased linearly in response to the dietary inclusion of Flemingia, whereas the contents of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and ?-linolenic fatty acids were not modified. A linear reduction was observed in the lauric and myristic fatty acids concentrations, which was accompanied by a reduction in the atherogenic index of milk fat. A quadratic effect was also observed on the trans-10, cis-12 CLA milk fat content in response to the inclusion of Flemingia in the diet, as well as a linear increase in the apparent transfer of ?-linolenic acid from the diet to milk. The inclusion of up to 320 g kg-1 of Flemingia hay as a replacement for Tifton-85 hay in the Saanen x Boer dairy goat diet does not modify the milk production and improves the nutritional quality of milk fat by increasing the contents of rumenic and vaccenic acids beneficial to human health and reducing the concentrations of hypercholesterolemic fatty acids.

scholarly journals Milk fatty acid profile of Holstein x Gyr cows on 'Marandu' grass pasture under different grazing strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 652-662
Author(s):  
Bárbara Cardoso da Mata e Silva ◽  
Norberto Mario Rodriguez ◽  
Mirton José Frota Morenz ◽  
Marco Antônio Sundfeld da Gama ◽  
Carlos Eugênio Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Grazing Strategies ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the milk fatty acid (FA) profile of Holstein x Gyr cows subjected to two different grazing managements (fixed and variable rest periods) of Urochloa brizantha 'Marandu' pastures. A randomized complete block design was used, with two replicates of pasture areas (blocks) per treatment and four cows per block. Milk production and composition were not affected by grazing strategies. No treatment effects were observed on the proportions (g 100 g-1 of total FA) of the main FAs (palmitic, linoleic, and α-linolenic) of the pasture, but their intakes (grams per day) were affected by differences in forage dry matter intake. The concentrations of FAs in milk plasma and fat were not affected by the treatments. Milk fat contents of rumenic, vaccenic, oleic, and α-linolenic acids varied from 0.71 to 0.93, 1.40 to 1.50, 19.40 to 19.70, and 0.39 to 0.43 g 100 g-1 total FAs, respectively. Grazing strategies of U.brizantha 'Marandu' cause no changes on the milk fatty acid profile of cows.

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