scholarly journals Land Consumption and Land Take: Enhancing Conceptual Clarity for Evaluating Spatial Governance in the EU Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8269
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Marquard ◽  
Stephan Bartke ◽  
Judith Gifreu i Font ◽  
Alois Humer ◽  
Arend Jonkman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Land Consumption ◽  
Spatial Governance ◽  
General Communication ◽  
Indicator Ratio ◽  
The Eu

Rapid expansion of settlements and related infrastructures is a global trend that comes with severe environmental, economic, and social costs. Steering urbanization toward well-balanced compactness is thus acknowledged as an important strategic orientation in UN Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG-11) via the SDG-indicator “Ratio of land consumption rate to population growth rate.” The EU’s simultaneous commitment to being “a frontrunner in implementing […] the SDGs” and to striving for “no net land take until 2050” calls for relating the concepts of land consumption and land take to each other. Drawing on an EU-centred questionnaire study, a focus group and a literature review, we scrutinize definitions of land consumption and land take, seeking to show how they are interrelated, and questioning the comparability of respective indicators. We argue that conceptual clarifications and a bridging of the two notions are much needed, and that the precision required for definitions and applications is context-dependent. While approximate understandings may suffice for general communication and dissemination objectives, accurate and consistent interpretations of the discussed concepts seem indispensable for monitoring and reporting purposes. We propose ways of addressing existing ambiguities and suggest prioritizing the term land take in the EU context. Thereby, we aim to enhance conceptual clarity around land consumption and land take—a precondition for solidly informing respective policies and decisions.

scholarly journals European Union strategy for the Western Balkan and security challenges resolution in the Republic of Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ristović
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Eu Accession ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

This paper presents the EU Western Balkan Strategy and focuses on solving security problems common to the region and the Republic of Serbia. The analysis of this strategic document and strategic orientation of Serbia in relation to main security issues shows their complementarity. First of all, these documents share essentially same views on security issues, for which the Western Balkan is not only a transit area, but a final destination and even the source, particularly organized crime, terrorism and irregular migration. Prevention and suppression of given issues determines priorities of the Serbian police, at the same time leading to successful response to crime and other security threats in Serbia, as well as achievements in meeting commitments in the EU accession process and adopting the European acquis.

Foreign direct investment rules in selected European countries – an overview

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey P. Burgess ◽  
Timothy McIver ◽  
Philippe Tenglemann ◽  
Rosanne Lariven ◽  
Andrea Pomana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The Uk ◽  
European Economies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Purpose To provide an overview of the national foreign direct investment (“FDI”) screening mechanisms in place across Europe including in France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK. Design/methodology/approach This article summarizes the key elements of the national FDI screening regimes of some of the leading European economies. This includes setting out the relevant investment thresholds, protected sectors, lengths of review periods, standstill obligations and potential sanctions in each jurisdiction. Findings Many of Europe’s leading economies are following the wider global trend towards stricter reviews of foreign investment ahead of the EU Screening Regulation coming into force in October 2020. However, the approach taken to FDI screening can vary significantly at a country level in terms of both process and substance and the applicable laws are evolving rapidly, not least as a response to concerns related to the impact of COVID-19. Practical implications Investors looking to make acquisitions in Europe will need to consider whether national FDI screening will apply to their proposed investments. Depending on the jurisdiction, FDI screening can introduce lengthy review periods and require detailed information gathering as well as uncertainty as to the final outcome. Potential investors also need to consider the risk of sanctions, including criminal sanctions, for non-compliance with the screening regimes. Originality/value This article offers a summary and comparison of national FDI screening regimes across Europe.

scholarly journals ‘Defend and extend’: British business strategy, EU employment policy and the emerging politics of Brexit

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Lavery
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
British Politics ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Eu Integration ◽  
British Industry ◽  
The Eu

As the British government embarks upon the process of exiting the European Union (EU), it will have to navigate the preferences of powerful business interest groups. However, the British politics and political economy literatures have tended to neglect the question of business agency in general and its relation to EU integration in particular. This article analyses British business strategy in relation to EU employment policy between 2010 and 2016. Through a document analysis of business responses to the Balance of Competences Review on EU Employment Policy and Confederation of British Industry (CBI) policy documents, the article argues that British business has attempted to ‘defend and extend’ a liberalising agenda within the EU in the recent past. Brexit fundamentally undermines this strategic orientation. The article accordingly outlines some of the key strategic dilemmas which the ‘Leave’ vote generates for British capital within the emerging politics of Brexit.

scholarly journals Digital platforms and the rise of global regulation of hate speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-304
Author(s):  
Paolo Cavaliere
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Global Regulation ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Scope Of Protection ◽  
The Eu

The EU Code of Conduct on hate speech requires online platforms to set standards to regulate the blocking or removal of undesirable content. The standards chosen can be analysed for four variables: the scope of protection, the form of speech, the nature of harm, and the likelihood of harm. Comparing the platforms' terms of use against existing legal standards for hate speech reveals that the scope of speech that may be removed increases significantly under the Code's mechanism. Therefore, it is legitimate to consider the platforms as substantive regulators of speech. However, the Code is only the latest example in a global trend of platforms' activities affecting both the substantive regulation of speech and its governance. Meanwhile, States' authority to set standards of acceptable speech wanes.

scholarly journals European Criminal Law and the Dangerous Citizen

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-751
Author(s):  
Valsamis Mitsilegas
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Temporal Shift ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Criminal Law ◽  
The Eu

This article will examine the impact of the Europeanization of punishment, and of criminal justice in general, on the focus of criminal law on dangerousness and on dangerous citizens, rather than on harm and facts. It argues that the EU criminal law is part of a growing global trend pushing towards preventive criminal justice, namely the exercise of state power in order to prevent future acts that are deemed to constitute security threats, which at EU level is problematic in terms of fundamental rights and citizenship rights. The article argues EU criminal law is contributing to three main shifts: a shift from an investigation of acts that have taken place due to an emphasis on suspicion, a shift from targeted action to generalized surveillance, or, underpinning both, a temporal shift from the past to the future. It develops this argument looking at administrative terrorist sanctions, criminalization of terrorist acts, mass surveillance and expulsion of convicted criminals.

scholarly journals FIREWORKS, FLAGS AND SIGNS: VOICES FROM THE STREETS OF POST-BREXIT BRITAIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 491-506
Author(s):  
Sara Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
British Society ◽  
Popular Discourse ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

ABSTRACT In this article, Sara Roberts, a former BBC researcher and journalist - currently teacher and writer, offers her personal impressions of the recent rise of populism in Britain, based on her experiences in Oxford, where she lives. This essay offers empirical evidence that Brexit has had a profoundly divisive effect on British society from the micro to the macro level, and threatens the very union of nations that makes up the United Kingdom. The campaign for the UK to leave the EU (‘Brexit’) in the 2016 referendum exploited xenophobic and racist sentiment, thereby creating linguistic and symbolic violence which has managed to pervade popular discourse and consciousness, and which may foreshadow an increase in actual violence. It is suggested here that violence and fear lie at the heart of populism and that all populist movements rely on them, as well as ignorance, to first gain and then maintain support. Acting against the global trend towards populism, the current younger generation; education; civil society and Art are offered as avenues of hope for the future.

scholarly journals CONSTITUTIONALIZATION OF UKRAINE-EU COOPERATION ON THE BASIS OF THE ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT: DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
O. Strieltsova
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
European Values ◽  
The Eu

The article studies the process of constitutionalization of associative relations between Ukraine and the European Union. The author distinguishes and reveals two significant aspects of this process, namely meaningful and implementing. It is determined that meaningful constitutionalization by its essence is the constitutional modernization, where the meaningful updating of the Constitutional provisions is made in order to form the constitutional pillars for further democratization of social and political life in Ukraine, the approximation of the national political and legal system in accordance with the European values and principles, the improvement of the internal legal framework. The implementing aspect of constitutionalization means the purposeful formation of constitutional preconditions for the implementation of Association Agreement's provisions to the national legal system. The author stipulates that the fulfillment of both meaningful and implementing aspects of constitutionalization of Ukraine's association with the EU shall be implemented mainly by incorporating of this process directly into the context of the constitutional reform in Ukraine. The special attention is paid to certain problems of the reformation of the Constitution of Ukraine ensuring the European integration. The author expresses the critical reservations related to the amendments to the Constitution with the provisions of strategic orientation of Ukraine for the long term perspective.

scholarly journals Taxation and forms of organizing business activities

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (196) ◽  
pp. 133-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srdjan Djindjic
Keyword(s):  
Classical System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Eu

This paper takes sample tax regimes and tendencies from the developed countries in the EU-15 and the USA, and uses them to analyse the influence of taxation on the choice of organizational form of profit-oriented entities in Serbia. In order to understand how the procedure of taxation affects the sphere of business decision-making it is necessary to focus on the tax status of business losses and valorization and the effects of the double taxation of dividends. The rule of successive deduction of losses ensures the fiscally transparent entity receives a tax saving in the form of a reduction of the present value of the total paid tax. Meanwhile the corporation is handicapped because it postpones loss deductions, that is, it postpones tax saving, which directly influences the level of the present value of saved tax. The global trend of gradually moving from the classical system towards shareholder relief provision, above all in the form of a reduced withholding tax rate on dividends, has two opposing features: it simplifies the tax procedure while neglecting the distributional aims (consequences) of taxation. The analysis of a particular practical example from the Serbian tax context enables us to draw a conclusion in relation to the relative taxes paid by entrepreneurs versus enterprises. The developed countries favour fiscally transparent entities, whereas Serbia allocates tax privileges to enterprises.

scholarly journals A review of the Europe indicators on climate change - industry, innovation and infrastructure

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Iudit Bere‒Semeredi ◽  
Anca Mocan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Sustainable Infrastructure ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
European Statistics ◽  
The Eu

The paper presents a study based on the European statistics available to characterize the Sustainable Development Goal 9 that calls for building resilient and sustainable infrastructure and promotes inclusive and sustainable industrialization. A debate on the achievements and the situation at the EU-28 level and comments on the Romania and the former Communist countries will be made based on the existing broad positions or discourses within the climate change: gradualism, skepticism and catastrophism. Conclusions and final debates are dedicated to the EU context development focuses on two main dimensions: research and development and innovation, and sustainable transport.

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