scholarly journals Evaluation of Technology-Supported Distance Measuring to Ensure Safe Aircraft Boarding during COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8724
Author(s):  
Paul Schwarzbach ◽  
Julia Engelbrecht ◽  
Albrecht Michler ◽  
Michael Schultz ◽  
Oliver Michler
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Aircraft Cabins ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Cabin Environment

With the rise of COVID-19, the sustainability of air transport is a major challenge, as there is limited space in aircraft cabins, resulting in a higher risk of virus transmission. In order to detect possible chains of infection, technology-supported apps are used for social distancing. These COVID-19 applications are based on the display of the received signal strength for distance estimation, which is strongly influenced by the spreading environment due to the signal multipath reception. Therefore, we evaluate the applicability of technology-based social distancing methods in an aircraft cabin environment using a radio propagation simulation based on a three-dimensional aircraft model. We demonstrate the susceptibility to errors of the conventional COVID-19 distance estimation, which can lead to large errors in the determination of distances and to the impracticability of traditional tracing approaches during passenger boarding/deboarding. In the context of the future connected cabin, a robust distance measurement must be implemented to ensure safe travel. Finally, our results can be transferred to similar fields of application, e.g., trains or public transport.

scholarly journals Orbital proportion indices and microlipografting for correction of secondary post-traumatic enophthalmos

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
N N Sultanova ◽  
M S Alieva
Keyword(s):  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Aesthetic Result ◽  
Orbital Wall ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Orbital Height ◽  
Medical University

Aim. Aesthetic rehabilitation of patients with secondary post-traumatic enophthalmos. Methods. From 2013 to 2018, 14 patients with secondary post-traumatic enophthalmos were treated at the maxillofacial surgery clinic of the Azerbaijan Medical University. All patients underwent reconstruction of the damaged orbital wall, so its bone volume was restored. However, in the postoperative period, a deficiency of the orbital soft tissue was noted. In preparation for the surgery, all patients underwent the following types of examination: three-dimensional computed tomography, photographic, anthropometric measurements with the determination of proportional indices and computer simulation. Based on the data obtained, the orbital proportion indices were calculated: intercanthal index (en-en)100/(ex-ex); orbital protrusion index (ex-ex)100/(ex-en,rl)+(en-en); orbital width index (ex-en,l)100/(en-en); eye fissure (palpebral) index (ps-pi, l)100/(ex-en,l); orbital index (os-or,l)100/(ex-en,l); eyebrow orbital height index (os-or,l)100/(sci-or,l); index of vertical orbital contour (os-or,l)100/(ps-os+pi-or)+(ps-pi); eyelid height index (pi-or,l)100/(ps-os,l). Microlipografting was performed according to the Coleman method with modification by T. Marten. Fat aspiration was performed with a blunt cannula with a diameter of 2.12.4 mm and a 10 ml syringe, without anesthetic administration. Prior to microlipografting, fibrotic cords between the skin and underlying tissues were dissected using a sharp needle and a V-shaped cannula. Microlipografting was performed using microcannulas of 0.71.1 mm. The fat microtransplant was introduced in two layers: under the circular muscle of the eye and subperiostally in the orbit. Results. In 11 cases, with an unexpressed form of secondary post-traumatic enophthalmos, a good aesthetic result was recorded. In 3 patients with a pronounced form of enophthalmos, a satisfactory aesthetic result was obtained; in these cases, repeated microlipografting was carried out. Conclusion. Microlipografting based on the calculation of the orbit proportions indices during rehabilitation of patients with secondary post-traumatic enophthalmos is a minimally invasive and effective procedure.

Conformation of Ribosomes from Escherichia Coli

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
W. Hellmann ◽  
F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
And Function

The present knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes is far too limited to enable a complete understanding of the various roles which ribosomes play in protein biosynthesis. The spatial arrangement of proteins and ribonuclec acids in ribosomes can be analysed in many ways. Determination of binding sites for individual proteins on ribonuclec acid and locations of the mutual positions of proteins on the ribosome using labeling with fluorescent dyes, cross-linking reagents, neutron-diffraction or antibodies against ribosomal proteins seem to be most successful approaches. Structure and function of ribosomes can be correlated be depleting the complete ribosomes of some proteins to the functionally inactive core and by subsequent partial reconstitution in order to regain active ribosomal particles.

scholarly journals Determination of Objective Weights Using a New Method Based on the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC)

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Keshavarz-Ghorabaee ◽  
Maghsoud Amiri ◽  
Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas ◽  
Zenonas Turskis ◽  
Jurgita Antucheviciene
Keyword(s):  
Essential Elements ◽  
New Method ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Analysis Of Means ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Criteria Weights ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Computational Analyses ◽  
Weighting Methods

The weights of criteria in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems are essential elements that can significantly affect the results. Accordingly, researchers developed and presented several methods to determine criteria weights. Weighting methods could be objective, subjective, and integrated. This study introduces a new method, called MEREC (MEthod based on the Removal Effects of Criteria), to determine criteria’ objective weights. This method uses a novel idea for weighting criteria. After systematically introducing the method, we present some computational analyses to confirm the efficiency of the MEREC. Firstly, an illustrative example demonstrates the procedure of the MEREC for calculation of the weights of criteria. Secondly, a comparative analysis is presented through an example for validation of the introduced method’s results. Additionally, we perform a simulation-based analysis to verify the reliability of MEREC and the stability of its results. The data of the MCDM problems generated for making this analysis follow a prevalent symmetric distribution (normal distribution). We compare the results of the MEREC with some other objective weighting methods in this analysis, and the analysis of means (ANOM) for variances shows the stability of its results. The conducted analyses demonstrate that the MEREC is efficient to determine objective weights of criteria.

scholarly journals Breathing, virus transmission, and social distancing—An experimental visualization study

AIP Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 045205
Author(s):  
Venugopal Arumuru ◽  
Jangyadatta Pasa ◽  
Sidhartha Sankar Samantaray ◽  
Vaibhavsingh Surendrasingh Varma
Keyword(s):  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Social Distancing

scholarly journals Meso-Scale Transmission Electron Microscope Tomography Applied for Wax Distribution in Toner Particles

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (S5) ◽  
pp. 58-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mino Yang ◽  
Jun-Ho Lee ◽  
Hee-Goo Kim ◽  
Euna Kim ◽  
Young-Nam Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Laser Printer ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Z Contrast ◽  
Contrast Image

AbstractDistribution of wax in laser printer toner was observed using an ultra-high-voltage (UHV) and a medium-voltage transmission electron microscope (TEM). As the radius of the wax spans a hundred to greater than a thousand nanometers, its three-dimensional recognition via TEM requires large depth of focus (DOF) for a volumetric specimen. A tomogram with a series of the captured images would allow the determination of their spatial distribution. In this study, bright-field (BF) images acquired with UHV-TEM at a high tilt angle prevented the construction of the tomogram. Conversely, the Z-contrast images acquired by the medium-voltage TEM produced a successful tomogram. The spatial resolution for both is discussed, illustrating that the image degradation was primarily caused by beam divergence of the Z-contrast image and the combination of DOF and chromatic aberration of the BF image from the UHV-TEM.

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