Equipment Layout Optimization Based on Human Reliability Analysis of Cabin Environment

There are many factors involved in the layout optimization of cabin equipment, and human factors should be considered in the early stage of layout design. Human reliability is an effective index to evaluate the probability of success of the human completion of tasks. In order to put forward the method of human reliability which is more suitable for the layout optimization of cabin equipment, the existing methods of human reliability analysis (HRA) are systematically studied. At the same time, taking HRA, equipment correlation and cabin balance as objective functions, the optimization problem of cabin equipment layout was quantified into a mathematical model. When solving the model, the visibility graph method was used to model the cabin path planning, and a solution platform for the optimization of cabin equipment layout was developed on the basis of a genetic algorithm. Finally, the developed platform was applied with a ship example, and the results before and after the layout optimization were displayed through a three-dimensional model. At the same time, equipment layout evaluation software was used to simulate the experimental results so as to compare the improvement of important parameters before and after the layout optimization.

Design and Development of Intelligent Logistics Tracking System Based on Computer Algorithm

With the development of social economy, the logistics industry continues to flourish. This article attempts to build an intelligent logistics tracking system based on computer technology, focuses on the intelligent inventory decision support system, introduces the detection algorithm based on the integrity of goods packaging and the detection algorithm of goods behavior and posture based on the three-dimensional acceleration sensor, and conducts its work flow. The detailed design is finally carried out in the actual cabin environment to verify the experiment and evaluate the performance of the system.

CFD Investigation of Vehicle’s Ventilation Systems and Analysis of ACH in Typical Airplanes, Cars, and Buses

The simulation of the ventilation and the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems of vehicles could be used in the energy demand management of vehicles besides improving the air quality inside their cabins. Moreover, traveling by public transport during a pandemic is a concerning factor, and analysis of the vehicle’s cabin environments could demonstrate how to decrease the risk and create a safer journey for passengers. Therefore, this article presents airflow analysis, air changes per hour (ACH), and respiration aerosols’ trajectory inside three vehicles, including a typical car, bus, and airplane. In this regard, three vehicles’ cabin environment boundary conditions and the HVAC systems of the selected vehicles were determined, and three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling. The analysis of the airflow patterns and aerosol trajectories in the selected vehicles demonstrate the critical impact of inflow, outflow, and passenger’s locations in the cabins. The CFD model results exhibited that the lowest risk could be in the airplane and the highest in the bus because of the location of airflows and outflows. The discrete CFD model analysis determined the ACH for a typical car of about 4.3, a typical bus of about 7.5, and in a typical airplane of about 8.5, which were all less than the standard protocol of infection prevention, 12 ACH. According to the results, opening windows in the cars could decrease the aerosol loads and improve the low ACH by the HVAC systems. However, for the buses, a new design for the outflow location or an increase in the number of outflows appeared necessary. In the case of airplanes, the airflow paths were suitable, and by increasing the airflow speed, the required ACH might be achieved. Finally, in the closed (recirculating) systems, the role of filters in decreasing the risk appeared critical.

Air Quality Into Cabin Environment of Different Passenger Cars: Effect of Car Usage, Fuel Type and Ventilation/Infiltration Conditions

Despite that commuters spend only 5.5% of their time in cabin vehicles, their exposure to harmful air pollutants, originated from the vehicle itself, and traffic emission is considered significant. In this study, two passenger cars with different type of fuels, were investigated in terms of air quality and thermal comfort of their cabin. Investigation was performed in the city of Kozani, Northern Greece. Moreover, air samples near the exhausts were taken, in order to compare concentration of compounds found indoors. 12 VOCs, and CO2 were measured inside the cabin when the cars were stopped, when idle, and when they were cruising in medium and heavy traffic roads, under various ventilated conditions. Thermal comfort was investigated while driving the cars through the city traffic. Results showed that the air around the diesel exhaust is less affected by emissions from the engine compared to LPG fuel. This is reflected to the TVOC measured into the cabin. Results also revealed that the air quality of a diesel fuel moving car with open windows is only affected by the traffic emissions from neighboring vehicles, while for the car with LPG fuel, the self-pollution from its own exhaust might contribute together with the outdoor air.