scholarly journals A Multi-Decadal Spatial Analysis of Demographic Vulnerability to Urban Flood: A Case Study of Birmingham City, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9139
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khalid Hossain ◽  
Qingmin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Vulnerable Population Groups

Flooding, including hurricanes and tornadoes, accounts for approximately 40 percent of natural disasters worldwide and kills 100 people on average in the United States each year, which is more than any other single weather hazard. Since flooding is a common hazard in the U.S. and flood-related casualties have been increasing in recent years, it is important to understand the spatial patterns of different vulnerable population groups in the flooding regions. To achieve this objective, spatial scan statistics were used to identify the spatial clusters of different demographic groups (children and elderly, poor, White, African American, and Hispanic) in the 100-year floodplain areas of Birmingham. Using the decennial census data from 1990 to 2015, this research examined whether these vulnerable population groups had aggregated more in the flooding areas or moved away from the flooding areas in the past thirty years. The findings of this research indicate that most of the minorities are increasingly aggregating in the floodplain areas of Village Creek in Birmingham. The findings also suggest that the non-minorities are moving away from the flooding regions in Birmingham, AL. As part of the minorities and non-minorities group, approximately 50 percent of African Americans and 4 percent of White populations aggregated in the Village Creek flooding areas in 2015. Although the percentage of White populations is very low, the findings suggest that they are still exposed to floods. The multi-decadal analysis of flood risk will help the local governments to understand which population groups could be more affected by floods historically and need more attention in future flood hazards. This understanding will help them prepare for future flood hazards by allocating resources efficiently among the different racial and ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Consumption of fruit and vegetables: the ROUND (woRld map of cOnsUmption of fruit and vegetables and Nutrient Deficits) project

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Gregori ◽  
Megan French ◽  
Silvia Gallipoli ◽  
Giulia Lorenzoni ◽  
Marco Ghidina
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Vulnerable Population Groups ◽  
Research And Policy

AbstractIntroduction: In 2017, 11 million deaths and 255 million DALYs were attributable to dietary risk factors, with low intake of fruits being the leading risk factor globally(1). Adequate F&V consumption is considered in the WHO (2010) report on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) to reduce the risk for NCDs (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers). Recommended daily intake of F&V vary from the WHOs 3400 g/day to ~750 g/day (including potatoes) in the U.S(2), but per capita availability is not always met, even in Europe(3). Increased availability, affordability, and consumption of F&V is part of policy options in the WHOs 2013–2020 global action plan for the prevention and control of NCDs. The aim of the ROUND project is to evaluate consumption of F&V in adults between countries and to identify, characterize, and map interactively vulnerable population groups and nutrient deficiencies, thus providing a useful tool for research and policy.Methods: Data relating to adult consumers from dietary surveys in Europe and the United States were assessed. Analyses were performed using Bayesian hierarchical models.Results: Data for adults from surveys contained within the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Comprehensive European food consumption database and U.S Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities Database FICRCD were included in the analysis. Mean per capita daily consumption of total fruit, vegetables (excluding starchy roots/tubers), fresh legumes, and F&V juice in Europe ranges from 261 g/d in Latvia (2008) to 552 g/d in Romania (2012), and in the U.S from 560 g/d (2005/06) to 616 g/d (2001/02). Mean fruit intake (excluding juice) alone ranges from 85 ± 98 g/d in Ireland (2008) to 226 ± 231 g/d in Estonia (2013), mean vegetable intake ranges from 62 ± 58 g/d in Sweden (1997) to 382 ± 194 g/d in Romania (2012), and mean F&V juice intake ranges from 6 ± 32 g/d in Romania (2012) to 223 ± 368 g/d in Germany (2007).Discussion: Data on adult F&V consumption varies across countries and are often below recommended intake [3]. Identification and interactive mapping of low F&V consuming regions highlights vulnerable population groups which provides a useful tool for related research and policy.

Solo Athumani Solo

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Work Practitioner ◽  
Vulnerable Population Groups

Solo Athumani Solo (1959–2004) was an influential social work practitioner and educator in Tanzania. His professional life was dedicated to the advocacy of children’s rights and the empowerment of marginalized and vulnerable population groups.

scholarly journals Ameliorating health-care delivery to the vulnerable population groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
SaurabhRamBihariLal Shrivastava ◽  
PrateekSaurabh Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Delivery ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Vulnerable Population Groups

scholarly journals Masks for at-risk population: nursing promoting biosafety in pandemic times

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (spe) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Abrahão-Curvo ◽  
Karina Dal Sasso Mendes ◽  
Angelina Lettiere-Viana ◽  
Maria Cândida de Carvalho Furtado ◽  
Thatiana Delatorre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Educational Video ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
Role Of Nursing ◽  
Vulnerable Population Groups

ABSTRACT Objective To describe a proposal for making and distributing masks for population in risk, with guidance on the stages of making them and the care in handling them based on the development of educational video and infographic. Method Experience report on the stages of the process of training people to make fabric masks for the population at risk, between March and June 2020, in a city in the interior of São Paulo. Results 1,650 masks were made and distributed to vulnerable population groups from different contexts and tutorial video and infographic were elaborated and released to enable people to make their own masks with resources available at home. Final considerations It was possible to manufacture and distribute masks for the population at risk and develop educational actions to contain the disease, given the advance of confirmed cases and deaths by Covid-19, corroborating the role of nursing in health education.

Global assessment of flood impact on emergency service provision to vulnerable populations under climate change 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Johnson ◽  
Robert Wilby ◽  
Dapeng Yu ◽  
Tom Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Vulnerable Population ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Emergency Responder ◽  
Vulnerable Population Groups

<p>Flooding is a major global hazard that accounts for one-third of all reported natural disasters and over 500,000 fatalities since 1980. Globally, vulnerable populations (very young, elderly, medical special needs individuals, etc.) are disproportionately affected by flooding and predominantly encompass the majority of flood associated injuries and fatalities. This is caused by their low self-reliance, weak political voice and insufficient inclusion into climate adaptation and emergency response plans.</p><p>Vulnerable individuals are largely reliant on Ambulance and Fire & Rescue Services due to flood induced injuries, exacerbated medical conditions, and requiring evacuative assistance. These services are primary emergency responders to flooding that provide rescue and relief efforts. However, during flood events, the demand for Ambulance and Fire & Rescue Service often exceeds the potential capacity and limits service provision, whilst flooded road networks and short emergency responder-timeframes decrease accessibility, service area and population coverage.</p><p>Therefore, an important step towards resolving these social inequalities and emergency responder strains from flooding is to understand the geographic, spatial, temporal, and demographic distributions of vulnerability. This will be undertaken by identifying vulnerability ‘hotspots’ of global populations in terms of emergency service provision during times of flooding of various magnitude under climate change.</p><p>The research will use Big Geographical and Climate Data and a ‘hotspot’ approach to investigate how the global extent and distribution of flood hazards and vulnerable population hotspots vary spatially and temporally, based on differing global fluvial and coastal flooding (at 10-year and 100-year return periods), and present and future flood conditions (present-day and 2050, under RCP 4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios). Network Analysis modelling will be used to investigate the impact of this on Ambulance and Fire & Rescue accessibility from service stations to vulnerable populations based on restrictions of road network inundation and emergency response-times (8-, 15-, and 60- minutes). Finally, comparisons will be made to highlight how vulnerability and emergency service accessibility compares demographically between different vulnerable population groups.</p><p>It is expected that there will be significant geographical and temporal differences in social vulnerability and emergency service provision between countries and regions globally. Although to what extent is currently unknown. Ultimately, the framework of this research may provide real-world applications for informing strategic planning of emergency response operations and resolving social inequalities to flood hazards. These applications could include the production of more detailed flood hazard and evacuation maps that highlight vulnerability hotspots, the prioritisation of vulnerable population groups in emergency response plans to minimise geographic and population disparities of flood injuries and fatalities, and the allocation of emergency service hubs in regions of high-vulnerability but low-emergency response provision.</p>

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