scholarly journals The Other Side of the (Policy) Coin: Analyzing Exnovation Policies for the Urban Mobility Transition in Eight Cities around the Globe

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9045
Author(s):  
Lisa Graaf ◽  
Stefan Werland ◽  
Oliver Lah ◽  
Emilie Martin ◽  
Alvin Mejia ◽  
...  

Many cities all over the world highlight the need to transform their urban mobility systems into more sustainable ones, to confront pressing issues such as air and noise pollution, and to deliver on climate change mitigation action. While the support of innovations is high on the agenda of both national and local authorities, consciously phasing-out unsustainable technologies and practices is often neglected. However, this other side of the policy coin, ‘exnovation’, is a crucial element for the mobility transition. We developed a framework to facilitate a more comprehensive assessment of urban mobility transition policies, systematically integrating exnovation policies. It links exnovation functions as identified in transition studies with insights from urban mobility studies and empirical findings from eight city case studies around the world. The findings suggest that most cities use some kinds of exnovation policies to address selective urban mobility issues, e.g., phasing-out diesel buses, restricting the use of polluting motor vehicles in some parts of the city, etc. Still, we found no evidence for a systematic exnovation approach alongside the innovation policies. Our framework specifies exnovation functions for the urban mobility transition by lining out policy levers and concrete measure examples. We hope that the framework inspires future in-depth research, but also political action to advance the urban mobility transition.

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Catarina C. Rolim ◽  
Patrícia Baptista

Several solutions and city planning policies have emerged to promote climate change and sustainable cities. The Sharing Cities program has the ambition of contributing to climate change mitigation by improving urban mobility, energy efficiency in buildings and reducing carbon emissions by successfully engaging citizens and fostering local-level innovation. A Digital Social Market (DSM), named Sharing Lisboa, was developed in Lisbon, Portugal, supported by an application (APP), enabling the exchange of goods and services bringing citizens together to support a common cause: three schools competing during one academic year (2018/2019) to win a final prize with the engagement of school community and surrounding community. Sharing Lisboa aimed to promote behaviour change and the adoption of energy-saving behaviours such as cycling and walking with the support of local businesses. Participants earned points that reverted to the cause (school) they supported. A total of 1260 users was registered in the APP, collecting more than 850,000 points through approximately 17,000 transactions. This paper explores how the DSM has the potential to become a new city service promoting its sustainable development. Furthermore, it is crucial for this concept to reach economic viability through a business model that is both profitable and useful for the city, businesses and citizens, since investment will be required for infrastructure and management of such a market.


2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
David Montes-González ◽  
Juan Miguel Barrigón-Morillas ◽  
Ana Cristina Bejarano-Quintas ◽  
Manuel Parejo-Pizarro ◽  
Guillermo Rey-Gozalo ◽  
...  

The pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) led to the need for drastic control measures around the world to reduce the impact on the health of the population. The confinement of people in their homes resulted in a significant reduction in human activity at every level (economic, social, industrial, etc.), which was reflected in a decrease in environmental pollution levels. Studying the evolution of parameters, such as the level of environmental noise caused by vehicle traffic in urban environments, makes it possible to assess the impact of this type of measure. This paper presents a case study of the acoustic situation in Cáceres (Spain) during the restriction period by means of long-term acoustic measurements at various points of the city.


Author(s):  
Renata Covisi Pereira ◽  
Bruna Angela Branchi ◽  
Denise Helena Lombardo Ferreira

Sustainable urban mobility adds a new dimension to the circulation of goods and people in the city: sustainability. The increasing number of individual motor vehicles is an accurate urban mobility diagnostic, by highlighting strengths and weaknesses, to guide public policies aimed at improving the quality of urban life. In this paper, the Sustainable Urban Mobility Index has been discussed and then applied to evaluate the sustainable urban mobility in Campinas (SP, Brazil). For the period 2010-2014, the index shows a persistent insufficiency in the sustainable urban mobility of this city, even if there was a slight improvement in the period. This is due to the environmental dimension, considering the increasing fuel consumption. It is therefore necessary to look for possible solutions involving primarily collective transportation and non-motorized one, especially for short distance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Syaiful Syaiful ◽  
Noor Wahid

Depok became a pilot as an orderly city with traffic arrangements and diverse patterns of population movement. The diversity of the city residents' trips has resulted in an increasingly diverse population passing through the region. Population mobility also requires adequate transportation facilities and infrastructure. This study aims to obtain traffic data and the level of noise pollution caused by the speed of motor vehicles (SPM, MP, MAU) in front of the Bunda Hospital Margonda Depok. The calculation and analysis obtained are on the equation with the first largest R value on the second day of the third point study (Sound Level Meter 3), with a contribution of 50.50%. As equation, y = 73.824 + 0.030x1 - 0.020x2 - 0.324x3, the addition of motorcycle density is 0.030 and the reduction in private car density and public transport car density is 0.344, the noise pollution level will be reduced by 0.314 dBA in SLM3. The second largest R value with motorcycle density, private car density and public transport car density has a moderate effect on noise pollution in the second day of the research point (Sound Level Meter2) with a contribution of 48.50%.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Felipe Oliveira Arruda ◽  
Amilton José Vieira de Arruda ◽  
Manoel Guedes Alcoforado Neto ◽  
Paulo Roberto Silva

O projeto Container Bike consiste no desenvolvimento de um conceito que contempla a bicicleta como alternativa de transporte para a mobilidade urbana, por meio de um sistema simples e acessível de aluguel de bicicletas, adequado às características locais de várias cidades brasileiras. Os containers industriais, cada vez mais contemplados na arquitetura e no design por sua versatilidade e praticidade, são encontrados em cidades portuárias do mundo inteiro, utilizados como transporte de carga, tornando-se, porém, obsoletos após um curto período de tempo. Neste projeto, estas im­portantes caixas metálicas surgem com novas funções: seja como pontos exclusivos de BikeShare (aluguel de bicicletas) espalhados pela cidade e integrados à rede de transporte urbano, seja como ambientes confortáveis de lazer e interação, projetados e combinados para receber usuários e interessados em bicicletas. É importante perceber que hoje, e cada vez mais no mundo e no Brasil o conceito de mobilidade urbana se agrega ao conceito de qualidade de vida e com ele, o design que pode muitas vezes transformar esta realidade em algo prazeroso e ao mesmo tempo rentável.ABSTRACT The Container bike project consists in developing a concept that covers the bicycle as transportation alternative for urban mobility, through a simple and accessible system of bike rentals, to meet local needs in several Brazilian cities. Indus­trial containers, increasingly addressed in architecture and design for its versatility and practicality, are found in port cities around the world, used as cargo transport, making it, but obsolete after a short period of time. In this project, these impor­tant metal boxes come with new functions: be as unique points of Bikeshare (bike rental) around the city and the integrated urban transport network, as is comfortable environments for recreation and interaction, designed and matched to users and receiving interested in bikes. It is important to realize that today, and increasingly in the world and in Brazil the concept of urban mobility is added to the concept of quality of life and with it, the design that can often turn this into something plea­surable and profitable at the same time.


Author(s):  
B. M. Kalyn ◽  
M. I. Shelevij

The article provides an overview of the current state study of one of the most pressing environmental problems of large cities – the problem of noise pollution. Due to the increasing number of cars, industrial machines and mechanisms to date, over 60% of people living in cities, daily exposed to excessive noise. The aim is to study the problem of noise pollution urboecosystem of Lviv and finding effective methods to combat with noise. Identified sources, the main characteristics and ways of dealing with the harmful effects of noise pollution. Established magnitude of noise burden on certain streets and filed a comprehensive assessment of the acoustic load of the city. A performance experiments noise which generated of motor vehicles when driving on different stretches of road near two intersections – st. Franko – Green and Levitsky – Tershakovciv. Near the street. Franko during bilateral traffic and trams bilateral traffic noise performance of road transport accounted 75,7dBA +/– 3.2. By reducing the transport speed to 6–10 km/h performance noise constituted 70,4dBA +/– 2.5. Indicators of noise on the Levitsky street during a stop to road transport and traffic lights at the beginning of the movement consisted 66,8dBA +/– 2.9 and 2.6 +/– 69,8dBA. Indicators of noise on the Tershakovciv street respectively amounted to 63.8 +/– 3.2 dBA and 65.2 +/– 3.3 dBA. Today, the simplest and most common methods of noise control is the discharge of roads, planting green space and installing anti–noise screens.


Author(s):  
S.A. Gagarin ◽  
I.L. Malkova ◽  
A.V. Semakina

The article presents the results of zoning of the territory of Izhevsk by the level of medical and ecological well-being using the statistical method of weighted points. The level of morbidity of the child population (per 1000 children up to 15 years old) in the context of 170 pediatric sites was used as the main indicator of the ecological comfort of the urban environment. Among the factors that determine the territorial heterogeneity of medical and statistical indicators, a complex index of air pollution, noise pollution from motor vehicles, and area of gardening were considered. As a result, micro-districts of the city were divided into three groups according to the level of medical and ecological comfort: disadvantaged (20 %), satisfactory (62 %) and comfortable (18 %). The most tense situation is typical for the residential districts Center, Bummash and Nagorny with a consistently high level of morbidity among children. Micro-districts with the most comfortable medical and ecological situation are concentrated in Pervomaisky district.


Author(s):  
Sheila Xoloxochitl Gutierrez Zenteno

ABSTRACTNoise pollution is one of the consequences of the industrial revolution. Following a change in production methods, the number of inhabitants in cities increased, which resulted that, then mostly naturally with anthropogenic biases soundscape was changing by introducing new sounds, all of mechanical, from technological innovation generated by man kind. Today, noise pollution, flooding the city, forced educational institutions to think of a sound re-education. The soundscape, proposed by musician and music educator Raymond Murray Schafer concept becomes a basic tool in this process of teaching and learning and auditory re-cognition of the world around us.RESUMENLa contaminación acústica es una de las secuelas de la revolución industrial. Al modificarse los modos de producción, el número de habitantes en las ciudades aumentó, lo que trajo como consecuencia que el paisaje sonoro, en ese entonces mayormente natural con sesgos antropogénicos, se fuese modificando debido a la introducción de nuevos sonidos, todos ellos, de tipo mecánico, provenientes de la innovación tecnológica generada por el hombre. Hoy, la contaminación auditiva que inunda la urbe, obliga a las instituciones educativas a pensar en una reeducación sonora. El paisaje sonoro, concepto propuesto por el músico y pedagogo musical Raymond Murray Schaffer, se convierte en una herramienta básica en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y reconocimiento auditivo del mundo que nos rodea.


Author(s):  
Romário Rosa de Sousa

Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar a emissão de ruídos ambientais na Avenida Ministro João Alberto, na cidade de Barra do Garças-MT, sendo a coleta de dados para a avaliação acústica realizada no dia três de fevereiro de 2015, das 07h00min às 19h00min, totalizando uma medição diária de doze horas seguidas dentro do perímetro urbano. Os dados foram coletados de forma simultânea e sem interrupção, diagnosticando, assim, grandezas acústicas. Como resultado, percebeu-se que o veículo automotor caminhão guincho apresentou o maior nível de ruído, registrando aproximadamente 98,0 decibéis, seguido, nessa ordem, pelos seguintes veículos automotores: caminhão, carreta, ônibus, motocicleta, carro de passeio e caminhonete, este último apresentando-se como a menor fonte emissora de ruído, com registro aproximado de 89,0 decibéis. Constatou-se que os valores confirmados dos níveis de ruídos registrados na observação diária ultrapassaram o nível permitido por lei. Assim, os níveis de pressão sonora identificados nos pontos de coleta de dados, por estarem todos acima dos valores toleráveis, geram riscos de perda auditiva em trabalhadores que atuem e permaneçam nesses locais.Palavras-chave: Ruído Ambiental; Decibéis dB(A); Diagnóstico; Poluição Sonora.NOISE IN THE AVENUE MINISTER JOÃO ALBERTO IN THE CITY OF BARRA DO GARÇAS-MTABSTRACTThis study was meant to examine the emission of environmental noise on Avenida Minister João Alberto, in the town of Barra do Garças- MT, and data collection for the acoustic evaluation held on February 3, 2015, from 07:00 to 19h00min, totaling a daily measurement twelve hours straight within the city limits. Data were collected simultaneously and without interruption, diagnosing thus acoustic quantities. As a result, it was noticed that the motor vehicle tow truck had the highest noise level, registering approximately 98.0 decibels, followed, in that order, the following motor vehicles: truck, trailer, bus, motorcycle, passenger car and truck, the latter presenting itself as the lowest emission source of noise, with an approximate record of 89.0 decibels. It was found that the figures confirmed the noise levels recorded in the daily observation exceeded the level allowed by law. Thus, the sound pressure levels identified in the data collection points, because they are all above tolerable values, generate hearing loss risk in workers that operate and remain in those locations.Keywords: Environmental Noise; Decibels dB(A); Diagnosis; Noise Pollution. CONTAMINACIÓN ACÚSTICA EN LA AVENIDA MINISTRO JOÃO ALBERTO EN LA CIUDAD DE BARRA DO GARÇAS-MTRESUMENEste estudio estaba destinado a examinar la cuestión del ruido ambiental en Ministro Avenida João Alberto, en la población de Barra do Garças - MT, y la recogida de datos para la evaluación acústica celebrada el 3 de febrero de 2015, de 07:00 a 19h00min, por un total de unos diarios de medición doce horas seguidas dentro de los límites de la ciudad. Los datos fueron obtenidos de forma simultánea y sin interrupción, para diagnosticar grandiosidades acústicas. Como resultado, se ha dado cuenta de que el vehículo de motor camión de remolque tenía el nivel de ruido más alto, registrando aproximadamente 98,0 decibelios, seguida, por este orden, los siguientes vehículos de motor: camiones de remolques, autobuses, motocicletas, automóviles de pasajeros y camiones, este último se presenta como la fuente de emisión más baja de ruido, con un registro aproximado de 89,0 decibelios. Se encontró que las cifras confirman los niveles acústicos registrados en la observación diaria superaron el nivel permitido por la ley. Por lo tanto, los niveles de presión sonora identificados en los puntos de recogida de datos, ya que son todos por encima de los valores tolerables, generan riesgo de pérdida de audición de trabajadores que operan y permanecen en esos lugares.Palabras-clave: Ruido Ambiental; Decibeles dB(A); El Diagnóstico; La Contaminación Acústica.


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