scholarly journals Sharing Lisboa: A Digital Social Market to Promote Sustainable and Energy Efficient Behaviours

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Catarina C. Rolim ◽  
Patrícia Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
New City ◽  
Social Market ◽  
The City ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Change Mitigation

Several solutions and city planning policies have emerged to promote climate change and sustainable cities. The Sharing Cities program has the ambition of contributing to climate change mitigation by improving urban mobility, energy efficiency in buildings and reducing carbon emissions by successfully engaging citizens and fostering local-level innovation. A Digital Social Market (DSM), named Sharing Lisboa, was developed in Lisbon, Portugal, supported by an application (APP), enabling the exchange of goods and services bringing citizens together to support a common cause: three schools competing during one academic year (2018/2019) to win a final prize with the engagement of school community and surrounding community. Sharing Lisboa aimed to promote behaviour change and the adoption of energy-saving behaviours such as cycling and walking with the support of local businesses. Participants earned points that reverted to the cause (school) they supported. A total of 1260 users was registered in the APP, collecting more than 850,000 points through approximately 17,000 transactions. This paper explores how the DSM has the potential to become a new city service promoting its sustainable development. Furthermore, it is crucial for this concept to reach economic viability through a business model that is both profitable and useful for the city, businesses and citizens, since investment will be required for infrastructure and management of such a market.

scholarly journals Evaluating Health Co-Benefits of Climate Change Mitigation in Urban Mobility

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Wolkinger ◽  
Willi Haas ◽  
Gabriel Bachner ◽  
Ulli Weisz ◽  
Karl Steininger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Change Mitigation

scholarly journals The Other Side of the (Policy) Coin: Analyzing Exnovation Policies for the Urban Mobility Transition in Eight Cities around the Globe

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9045
Author(s):  
Lisa Graaf ◽  
Stefan Werland ◽  
Oliver Lah ◽  
Emilie Martin ◽  
Alvin Mejia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Mobility Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Diesel Buses ◽  
Mitigation Action ◽  
The City ◽  
Change Mitigation

Many cities all over the world highlight the need to transform their urban mobility systems into more sustainable ones, to confront pressing issues such as air and noise pollution, and to deliver on climate change mitigation action. While the support of innovations is high on the agenda of both national and local authorities, consciously phasing-out unsustainable technologies and practices is often neglected. However, this other side of the policy coin, ‘exnovation’, is a crucial element for the mobility transition. We developed a framework to facilitate a more comprehensive assessment of urban mobility transition policies, systematically integrating exnovation policies. It links exnovation functions as identified in transition studies with insights from urban mobility studies and empirical findings from eight city case studies around the world. The findings suggest that most cities use some kinds of exnovation policies to address selective urban mobility issues, e.g., phasing-out diesel buses, restricting the use of polluting motor vehicles in some parts of the city, etc. Still, we found no evidence for a systematic exnovation approach alongside the innovation policies. Our framework specifies exnovation functions for the urban mobility transition by lining out policy levers and concrete measure examples. We hope that the framework inspires future in-depth research, but also political action to advance the urban mobility transition.

scholarly journals SPONTANEOUS AND REGULAR MODELS OF FORTIFIED CITIES OF UKRAINE IN THE 16TH–17TH CENTURIES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cherkes B. ◽  
◽  
Lytvynchuk I. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
City Planning ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Estate Property ◽  
New City ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City

The Ukrainian frontier lands have introduced the principles of early-modern European urbanism which primarily included a defense component in the 16th–17th centuries. The inventory papers and studies of that time indicate that the presence of defense structures around the settlements was determined by the city status, which gave privileges and responsibilities to defend and keep both the city and castle fortifications. However, the presence of archaic ancient Kievan Rus’ traditions continued in the lands of Podillia up to the 18th century, which is proved by the inventory plans taken by cartographers of the Russian Empire after the Second Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. We distinguish between the two main types of fortifications which formed the basis of urban development and influenced their urban model. The first one is called spontaneous – it was formed without any integral plan; the second type is a regular one – the location of the defense system, market square, and sacral structures was designed according to the carefully developed plan. The basis of our research methodology is the fact that the planning structure of the historic city was invariable during the 16th-17th centuries and the works on the relics of ancient planning that have been preserved up to present (mentioned above cadastral prints). The stability of a design structure depended on the following factors: 1) slow colonization process in the border areas and, as a result, low urban growth 2) insufficient funding of the modernization of urban fortifications by the owner, possessor or the state 3) stable estate property management system which regulated the size of the plots. This systematization indicates that the application of regular principles in the city foundation on the steppe border is an exception rather than the usual phenomenon. On the territory between rivers Dniester and Bug we identified 15 cities and fortifications having features of regular planning, and 148 – spontaneous. Thus, the two models of urban development of the Ukrainian cities located on the steppe border in the 16th–17th centuries are analyzed. The analysis proves a close interrelation between the model of urban development and its defense system. It is defined three plans of urban development of border cities: 1. Conservation of urban planning structure of spontaneous planning due to economic stagnation or inappropriateness in the modernization of urban fortifications (Vinnytsia, Bratslav, Khmilnyk). 2. Development of a new city using the idea in cruda radice according to modern principles of fortifications of the 17th century and principles of regular city planning (Yampil, Rashkiv, Kalush). 3. Combination of old spontaneous and regular model principles of urban development in the process of modernization. The proposed method of identification of city elements by cadastral prints can be used only in combination with a careful evaluation of information on the settlement history, and by comparing it with historical context and events, as well as with a full-scale survey of preserved relics on the area

scholarly journals Sustainable development and climate change mitigation at the rural municipal level in Austria: Tracing policy diffusion, process dynamics and political change

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Judith Feichtinger ◽  
Therese Stickler ◽  
Klaus Schuch ◽  
Wolfgang Lexer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Policy Diffusion ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Rural Government ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Change Mitigation

It is widely acknowledged that municipalities play an important role in the transition towards sustainable development and climate change mitigation. But how well do they really meet these expectations? Focusing on the diffusion of pertinent policies in local, rural Austria, we analyse whether the policy diffusion has induced procedural, political and programmatic effects and, if so, how it was accomplished. The results fall short of expectations.Although it is widely acknowledged that municipalities play an important role in the transition towards sustainable development and climate change mitigation, there is a notable lack of studies focusing on the diffusion of pertinent policies at the local level. This paper analyses the diffusion of sustainable development and climate change mitigation policies in rural Austrian municipalities. We scrutinise the policy diffusion rates and patterns. In doing so, we ask whether policy diffusion has induced procedural, political and programmatic effects within the rural government context and, if so, how these changes were accomplished. The results show that the lack of political commitment, political incoherency and insufficient support are major barriers impeding diffusion and implementation. Insufficient programmatic effects are explained by the fact that only “easier” measures have so far been implemented. These “easy” measures stop short of profoundly tackling structural problems or challenging current practices. In contrast to the high expectations regarding the role of municipalities in transitioning towards sustainability and climate-friendly practices, municipalities appear not to have the competencies nor the capacities to implement far-reaching, system-changing measures on their own.

Ex-ante Impact Assessment of Urban Interventions: The Sustainability Check at the Example of the City of Bottrop, Germany

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150005
Author(s):  
Marisa Fuchs ◽  
Tanja Schnittfinke ◽  
Kristina Ohlmeyer ◽  
Dietwald Gruehn ◽  
Stefan Greiving
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
The City

The effects of climate change and associated extreme weather events such as heat, storms and heavy rainfall lead to considerable damage to property and personal injury worldwide. To counteract the causes and consequences of climate change, many states, regions and cities worldwide declared the status of climate emergency in 2019. As a result, scientists and urban planners intensified their efforts to develop appropriate mechanisms and measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change and its consequences. This paper presents an informal systematic and user-driven governance instrument, which examines the ecological, social and economic effects of urban interventions – the ‘Sustainability Check’. As a target-based assessment tool, it provides decision-makers with information about the extent to which a planned intervention corresponds with future-oriented urban development. The check results from the research project ZUKUR (‘Future of the Urban Region Ruhr’), in which researchers and practitioners from the City of Bottrop (Germany) worked together in a real-world laboratory. The Sustainability Check is novel because it combines elements of an impact assessment tailored to user needs and links sustainable urban development goals with resilient and environmentally just urban development at the local level. Based on the first application, we conclude that the Sustainability Check significantly contributes to developing a future-oriented city. Adapted to the local and context-specific needs of a city, it offers systematic consideration of the requirements of sustainable, resilient and environmentally just urban development in an efficient manner and at the early-stage.

scholarly journals The Everyday Usage of City-Centre Streets: Urban Behaviour in Provincial Britain ca. 1930–1970

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Faire ◽  
Denise McHugh
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
City Planning ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Street Space ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Urban Function ◽  
Urban Behaviour ◽  
The City

This article examines the user experience in the city-centre street space, focusing on three main themes: space usage; the behaviour of users and interventions to direct behaviour by urban authorities; and the sensory and emotional experiences of being on the street. The emphasis is on people’s interaction with the city centre and their perceptions of it. These interactions generated multi-dimensional perspectives linked to individual socio-demographic characteristics producing place-specific experiences. The article uses film, photography and testimony to provide insights into street usage and, while acknowledging that the retail function of the city centre was fundamental, argues that this space generated wider experiences beyond the acquisition of goods and services in commercial transactions. The article concludes that the user experience, behaviour and relationship with the city-centre street are as important to understanding urban function as capital investment and city planning.

scholarly journals Cooperation in the climate change mitigation in forestry and nature protection at different levels of governance

2017 ◽  
pp. 99-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Nonic ◽  
Mirjana Stanisic ◽  
Jelena Nedeljkovic ◽  
Nenad Rankovic
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Financial Cooperation ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Change Mitigation

Climate change mitigation is the responsibility of many institutions and organizations in Serbia at different levels of governance, and therefore, it is necessary for them to cooperate with each other and with other stakeholders. The aim of the paper is to determine the existence of cooperation in climate change mitigation in forestry and nature protection at different levels of governance in Serbia. Primary data were collected in the period November 2016 - March 2017. Thirty-four interviews were conducted with representatives of institutions and organizations in forestry and nature protection at the national, regional and local level of governance, dealing with issues related to climate change mitigation. Three questionnaires were used (for each level separately), composed of five question groups. Various forms of cooperation have been established at different levels of governance, through exchange of information and education, machinery and equipment exchange, financial cooperation, etc. However, there is no systemically organized reporting process between institutions on climate change issues at the national level, nor at the regional level. At the local level, there is a partially established system of cooperation between the national level and local self-government, but it is not exclusively related to the issue of climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals Analyzing Indonesia’s NCICD Project to Stop the Capital City Sinking

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aris Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Combat Climate Change ◽  
Sea Wall ◽  
The City

Jakarta is hit by a tidal flood every year and cause some loss for the city. Beside that flood caused by sea level rise, the city risk on sinking is higher because of land subsidence problem. Without any significant action, it is predicted that Jakarta will face USD 521 million loss risks on 2050 caused by flood. To overcome the sinking problem, Indonesian government plays an active role on the international action to combat climate change. In addition, Indonesian government also implements NCICD project, in which create giant sea wall and land reclamation on the Jakarta Bay.  However, the land reclamation raises an argument that it would create an environment disaster for the city. Because of that, it is suggested that Jakarta should only create a sea wall without land reclamation. Moreover, Jakarta government also should ensure that Spatial City Planning and New Rule on ground water extraction are well implemented so the land subsidence in the city is stopped.

scholarly journals Henri Prost in Istanbul: Urban transformation process of Taksim-Maçka Valley (Le parc n°2)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelin Bolca ◽  
Rosa Tamborrino ◽  
Fulvio Rinaudo
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
New City ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
The City

With the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in October 1923, modernization studies have been started throughout the country. The Republican authorities which adopted a new form of government independent of the Ottoman Empire had expectations for the city planning of Turkey according to the modernization rules of urbanism. After the proclamation of the Republic, the capital of the country was relocated from Istanbul to Ankara and the funds of the Republic were canalized to the construction of the new capital city. Following the creation of Ankara, in 1935, French architect and urban planner Henri Prost was invited directly to conduct the planning of Istanbul.  He worked between 1936 and 1951 with a conservative and modernist attitude. Prost’s plans for Istanbul was based on three principal issues: the transportation (la  circulation), hygiene (l’hygiène) and aesthetics (l’aesthetics). He gave importance on urban and public spaces (espaces libres) and proposed two public parks. One of these parks was considered as an archaeological park at the hearth of the Historical Peninsula (parc n1), the other one was considered as a park with cultural, arts and sports functions into the hearth of the Pera district which was the area extending from today’s Taksim Square to Maçka Valley (parc n2) and wherein these days the modern and new city was built. Only Park No2 (parc n2) was partially constructed in the 1940s following these park plans. However, the park has been transformed by the planning decisions taken over time depending on the political, cultural and ideological changes and this transformation process has been intensively discussed by the academic and professional field on the Istanbul’s and Turkey’s urban agenda.   The focus of this study is to understand and define the process of transformation, and investigate the changing of significances of the Taksim-Maçka Valley from foundation of the Republic of Turkey to the present time. Accordingly, the first part of the paper presents the formation process of the area through the 1:2000 plan of Park No2 (parc n2) and the 1:500 plan of The Republic Square and the İnönü Esplanade in Taksim (la place de la République et l'esplanade İnönü à Taksim) which were prepared by Henri Prost. In the second part, the  transformation process that occurs after Prost was discharged from his position is analyzed. The paper concludes with a discussion on the pros and cons of the transformation. In the study, the “digital urban history method” (telling the history of the city in the age of the ICT revolution) was used through the power of various direct and indirect sources with ArcGIS and 3D modeling techniques.

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