scholarly journals Evaluating Benefits of Eco-Agriculture: The Cases of Farms along Taiwan’s East Coast in Yilan and Hualien

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10889
Author(s):  
Kai-Lih Chen ◽  
Wei-Hsin Kong ◽  
Chi-Cheng Chen ◽  
Je-Liang Liou
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Benefit Estimation

The ecological agriculture (hereinafter referred to as eco-agriculture) concept has grown rapidly in Taiwan in recent years. More and more successful eco-agriculture projects have thus sprouted up in Taiwan, and so a quantitative evaluation model of such projects becomes critically important for improving public understanding of eco-agriculture and for providing a basis for policy analysis. This research thus proposes a quantitative evaluation model for eco-agriculture and analyzes the empirical data collected. We take four farms that practice eco-agriculture in eastern Taiwan for the estimation of direct benefits by surveying farmers about their revenues and costs of crop yields. To evaluate indirect benefits, we employ the Contingent Value Method (CVM) to investigate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) of users and non-users to support eco-agriculture. Results from the direct benefit estimation indicate that eco-agriculture adoption is unlikely to improve the local livelihoods of farming communities. In terms of indirect benefit estimation, eco-agriculture is beneficial to society, but based on our analysis of the direct benefits, these indirect benefits fail to be transformed into profits, showing that eco-agriculture exhibits positive externalities. This constitutes unavoidable challenges for eco-agriculture to be sustainable if these positive externalities cannot be internalized.

Movable oil content evaluation of lacustrine organic-rich shales: Methods and a novel quantitative evaluation model

2021 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 103545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Hu ◽  
Xiongqi Pang ◽  
Fujie Jiang ◽  
Qifeng Wang ◽  
Xiaohan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Content Evaluation

Research on the Security Risk Assessment of Military Vehicles Based on Could Gravity Center Valuation

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 6568-6572
Author(s):  
Hai Tian ◽  
Xiao Ting Jiang ◽  
Wu Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Gravity Center ◽  
Military Vehicles ◽  
Security Risk Assessment

In view of the complexity forces of security risk assessment of military vehicles, could gravity center valuation was studied. First the concept, purpose and meaning, main steps of security risk assessment of military vehicles was analyzed, and then the algorithm in detail of security risk assessment of military vehicles based on could gravity center valuation was given out, finally was validated by an example. Verification results show that this method is the subjective qualitative evaluation with quantitative evaluation model, solve the fuzziness and the randomness of the assessment, as the security risk assessment of military vehicles provides a set of effective methods.

Comparative Analysis of Evaluation Models for Explosion Consequence Caused by Leakage of CNG Cylinders

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 2561-2564
Author(s):  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Rui Liang
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Evaluation Models ◽  
Vapor Cloud

CNG cylinder is a sort of used storage device in CNG filling stations. As a gas storage container with high-pressure, it will lead to harmful consequences if failure occurs. The explosion consequences after its leakage are analyzed in this article. The vapor cloud explosion (VCE) quantitative evaluation model is compared with API pub 581 consequences evaluation model. And the comparison of the consequences of the explosion bteween two evaluation models is also made based on an example with a set of CNG cylinders.

scholarly journals Mate preferences and infectious disease: theoretical considerations and evidence in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1583) ◽  
pp. 3375-3388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Tybur ◽  
Steven W. Gangestad
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Mate Preferences ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
Pathogen Avoidance ◽  
Human Mating ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Mate preferences may operate in part to mitigate the threats posed by infectious disease. In this paper, we outline various ways in which preferring healthy mates can offer direct benefits in terms of pathogen avoidance and indirect benefits in terms of heritable immunity to offspring, as well as the costs that may constrain mate preferences for health. We then pay special attention to empirical work on mate preferences in humans given the depth and breadth of research on human mating. We review this literature and comment on the degree to which human mate preferences may reflect preferences for health.

scholarly journals APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY FOR POST-HARVEST RICE PROCESSING

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Gusti Hardiansyah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Main Target

Limited facilities and infrastructure in rice farming activities, especially in post-harvest processing has resulted in a farming communities become unproductive to processing their harvested products. Despite these problems has been tried to be overcome by the farming communities by making some tools for agricultural needs with tools and improvised materials, like a self-made rice thresher tools that made from used wood waste, of course the ability of productivity is very much different when using factory-made rice thresher. This PKM activity aims to introduce and train the farming communities to be able to process their rice crop yields using appropriate technology, like with a rice thresher machine and a rice husk machine. The main target in this PKM activity is a community of Tani Jaya Mandiri Group which in Kelurahan Batu Layang RT05/RW13 Kecamatan Pontianak Utara, which still has limited facilities for their agricultural activities. The method applied in this PKM activity is the diffusion of science and technology, socialization and active participation from the community. So with the existence of this PKM activity, the farming community get knowledge and skills in processing their post-harvest rice products, and is expected to be able to help overcome their productiviy problems due to the limited agricultural facilities they have

scholarly journals The Peacock Fallacy: Art as a Veblenian Signal

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Mendoza Straffon
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Good Genes ◽  
Art Practice ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
And Function ◽  
Original Concept ◽  
Genetic Fitness

The fact that world-over people seem inexplicably motivated to allocate time and effort to apparently useless cultural practices, like the arts, has led several evolutionary scholars to suggest that these might be costly Zahavian signals correlated with genetic fitness, such as the infamous peacock’s tail. In this paper, I review the fundamental arguments of the hypothesis that art evolved and serves as a costly Zahavian signal. First, I look into the hypothesis that humans exert mate choice for indirect benefits and argue that the data supports mate choice for direct benefits instead. Second, I argue that art practice may well be a costly signal, however not necessarily related to good genes. Third, I suggest that Thorstein Veblen’s original concept of conspicuous signals as social tools to obtain and convey prestige provides a better account than the Zahavian model for the evolution and function of art in society. As a Veblenian signal, art could still have many of the effects suggested for visual art as a Zahavian signal, except not for the indirect benefits of optimal offspring, but for the direct benefits of acquiring and conveying social status.

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