scholarly journals Urban Esthetic Benefits of Undergrounding Utility Lines in Consideration of the Three-Dimensional Landscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 14023
Author(s):  
Shota Ishigooka ◽  
Tatsuhito Kono ◽  
Hajime Seya
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
The Road ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Road Width ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Benefit Cost

Since the relative weight of form to function has been increasing in urban planning, from the esthetic viewpoint, many cities in the world have been actively pursuing the undergrounding of overhead utility lines. Esthetic factors are urban externalities in the sense that they are not directly traded in markets. Therefore, we need to control them optimally based on their benefits. In this study, we appraise the benefits of undergrounding utility lines in Japan and clarify the dependency of the residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) on the road width and building height. Our results show that the WTP for undergrounding utility lines is lower as the road becomes wider and the buildings along the road become higher. However, when the road is wide, the WTP does not change much regardless of the height of the buildings. In addition, the average value of the benefit–cost ratios of previous undergrounding projects is from approximately 2.27 to 2.65. However, 3–17% of these projects have benefit–cost ratios of less than 1.

Three Dimensional Dynamic Analyses on Stroller Wheel with Shock Absorber

2013 ◽  
Vol 387 ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Yi Chern Hsieh ◽  
Minh Hai Doan ◽  
Chen Tai Chang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Adaptive Finite Element Method ◽  
Adaptive Finite Element ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Element Method

We present the analyses of dynamics behaviors on a stroller wheel by three dimensional finite element method. The vibration of the wheel system causes by two different type barriers on the road as an experiment design to mimic the real road conditions. In addition to experiment analysis, we use two different packages to numerically simulate the wheel system dynamics activities. Some of the simulation results have good agreement with the experimental data in this research. Other interesting data will be measured and analyzed by us for future study and we will investigate them by using adaptive finite element method for increasing the precision of the computation results.

scholarly journals On the road to consistent Type Ia supernova explosion models

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (14) ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
Friedrich K. Röpke
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Supernova Explosion ◽  
The Road ◽  
Type Ia Supernova ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Consistent Picture ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Distance Indicators ◽  
Three Dimensional Simulations

AbstractKeeping up with ever more detailed observations, Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) explosion models have seen a brisk development over the past years. The aim is to construct a self-consistent picture of the physical processes in order to gain the predictive power necessary to answer questions arising from the application of SNe Ia as cosmological distance indicators. We review recent developments in modeling these objects focusing on three-dimensional simulations.

scholarly journals Characterisation of cyclists’ willingness to pay for green initiatives at Africa’s largest cycle tour

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-439
Author(s):  
Melville Saayman ◽  
Waldo Krugell ◽  
Andrea Saayman
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Cycling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Right ◽  
Change Mitigation

The Cape Argus Pick n Pay Cycle Tour is a major event on the road cycling calendar. The majority of cyclists travel significant distances and participation produces a substantial carbon footprint. This paper examines participants’ willingness to pay to offset their carbon footprint. The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to the literature by linking willingness to pay to attitudes towards or beliefs (green views) about the initiatives in place, to ensure a greener cycle tour. Factor analysis is used to identify different types of cyclists, based on their green views: those with green money, those who prefer green products and the “re-cyclers”. The results of the regression analysis reveal that socio-demographic variables and the right attitude towards the environment are significant predictors of stated willingness to pay for climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals China's Dilemmas on the Road to Reforms Under Xi Jinping

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-149
Author(s):  
Juhan Värk
Keyword(s):  
Central Committee ◽  
Shadow Banking ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Strategic Partner ◽  
Military Reform ◽  
The Road ◽  
National Leader ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
On The Road

AbstractOn 15 November 2012, at the plenary session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping was elected the Party' general secretary, whereas he also became the chairman of the influential Central Military Commission. Too eager to wait to be inaugurated as President of the People' Republic of China in March 2013, the new national leader announced that in the following decade he is guided by the main objective of his predecessor Hu Jintao to double the prosperity of the people by the year 2020 and to keep the country' economy stable and growing fast. Unfortunately, it will be difficult for the new leader of China to implement his intentions, since, presumably, the country' new leadership will be from the older generation, hardliners, and, most importantly, politically conservative. But the difficulties lie in carrying out economic reforms because of rampant corruption and shadow banking in the central apparatus and in regions.According to the World Bank' analysis, China has become the world' largest economy. But the large expenditures to military reform and environmental protection are not sufficient for Xi Jinping to accomplish the goal to raise significantly the poor living standards of Chinese people. China has also faced difficulties in complying with the basic principles of its foreign policy, especially after the annexation of Crimea and its incorporation into the Russian Federation by China' strategic partner, Russia. In the past, China has carried out campaigns against “Americanization”, although with no tangible results. Thus, the leaders of today' China are faced with a number of dilemmas.

scholarly journals Cycling Pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk-Jan Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Road Space ◽  
History Of ◽  
On The Road

In an effort to fight climate change, many cities try to boost their cycling levels. They often look towards the Dutch for guidance. However, historians have only begun to uncover how and why the Netherlands became the premier cycling country of the world. Why were Dutch cyclists so successful in their fight for a place on the road? Cycling Pathways: The Politics and Governance of Dutch Cycling Infrastructure, 1920-2020 explores the long political struggle that culminated in today’s high cycling levels. Delving into the archives, it uncovers the important role of social movements and shows in detail how these interacted with national, provincial, and urban engineers and policymakers to govern the distribution of road space and construction of cycling infrastructure. It discusses a wide range of topics, ranging from activists to engineering committees, from urban commuters to recreational cyclists and from the early 1900s to today in order to uncover the long and all-but-forgotten history of Dutch cycling governance.

scholarly journals Świat jako tranzyt. Poetyka przestrzeni w poezji Gizelli Lachman

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
Jolanta Brzykcy
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Model ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Selection Of

The article is an analysis of the poetry of Gisella Lachman (1895–1969), poet of the “first wave” of Russian emigration, from the perspective of the poetics of space. The poet expressed her emigration experience (multiple changes of residence: Russia, Germany, Switzerland, USA) in her poems in spatial relations. They appear on different levels of the works’ morphology: in the construction of the lyrical “I”, in the organisation of the presented world, in the repertoire of motifs and the selection of poetic lexis and genre forms. Space plays a literal role in Lachman’s poetry; it is a representation of extra-literary reality, seen subjectively. It is also subject to metaphorisation, becoming a tool for expressing philosophical content. The poet creates not only a spatial model of the world, but also a spatial model of human life, which she perceives as a transit on the road to eternity.

scholarly journals Intellectual Property in Clinical Research - the Obstacles on the Road

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-172
Author(s):  
Iulianna Lupasco ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
National Level ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Scientific Innovation ◽  
The World ◽  
On The Road

Intellectual property behind the scenery of clinical research present a very special issue in scientific field presenting a deep underestimation of the main precious production of scientific researchers – production of mind, intellect, knowledge, clinical practice and research. In this article are highlighted main questions the young researches and not only young ones face while generating ideas, developing into nice projects. In this topic are discussed the main types of intellectual property in clinical research with a short introduction how the law protects them on a national level and why intellectual property is important for every clinical scientist. The literature review is closely intertwined with our own observations over the years in terms of intellectual property. Finally, the main benefits of intellectual property protection for clinical researchers will be presented empowering with new contacts and scientific innovation leaders from other places of the world.

Creating Cultural Capital: The Education of Jewish Females at the Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU) School for Girls in the City of Tunis, 1882–1914

Hawwa ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-59
Author(s):  
Joy A. Land
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Economic Capital ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Female Wage ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The City ◽  
Alliance Israelite Universelle

Abstract Based on rarely viewed images from the fin de siècle, this article will contribute to the burgeoning field of Jewish women in the world of Islam. At the Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU) School for Girls in the city of Tunis, 1882–1914, after a seven-year course of study, Jewish and non-Jewish girls acquired certification of their academic or vocational skills through a certificate or diploma of couture. Such credentials, according to Bourdieu (1986), constitute “cultural capital.” Furthermore, “cultural capital … is convertible … into economic capital and may be institutionalized in the forms of educational qualifications.” A young woman could create cultural capital and transform it into economic capital through employment. Reading the sources, the influence of the Tunisian Muslim woman on the Jewess becomes apparent. Moreover, cultural capital could afford the Jewish female wage earner increased economic independence and social mobility, as she journeyed on the road to modernity.

A Closer Look at the Culture of Infidelity

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-200
Author(s):  
Steven M. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Professional Sports ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emotional Relationships ◽  
The World ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The One ◽  
Communication Methods

This chapter takes a deeper look at the culture of infidelity that pervades the world of professional sports, why wives share a universal fear that their husbands will be unfaithful, and how they are affected by the possibility or actuality that their husbands will engage in sexual or emotional relationships with other women. Three patterns of infidelity are identified in the context of the sport marriage: the one-time encounter, the short-term affair, and the long-term affair. The concept of suspicion work is introduced to examine how wives try to manage the fear that their husbands may succumb to temptation and to specify how denial can be part of this process. The chapter discusses re-entry routines and communication methods some couples use when husbands return from travel, and the boundaries of fidelity and forgiveness wives establish as they attempt to cope with the realities of their husbands’ lives on the road.

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