Design and Description of the CMS Magnetic System Model

This review describes the composition of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector and the methodology for modelling the heterogeneous CMS magnetic system, starting with the formulation of the magnetostatics problem for modelling the magnetic flux of the CMS superconducting solenoid enclosed in a steel flux-return yoke. The review includes a section on the magnetization curves of various types of steel used in the CMS magnet yoke. The evolution of the magnetic system model over 20 years is presented in the discussion section and is well illustrated by the CMS model layouts and the magnetic flux distribution.

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The CMS Magnetic Field Measuring and Monitoring Systems

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym14010169 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

Vyacheslav Klyukhin ◽

Austin Ball ◽

Felix Bergsma ◽

Henk Boterenbrood ◽

Benoit Curé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Magnetic Flux ◽

Flux Density ◽

Review Article ◽

Magnetic Flux Density ◽

Monitoring Systems ◽

Superconducting Solenoid ◽

Field Measuring ◽

The Magnetic Field ◽

Magnet Yoke

This review article describes the performance of the magnetic field measuring and monitoring systems for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector. To cross-check the magnetic flux distribution obtained with the CMS magnet model, four systems for measuring the magnetic flux density in the detector volume were used. The magnetic induction inside the 6 m diameter superconducting solenoid was measured and is currently monitored by four nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probes installed using special tubes at a radius of 2.9148 m outside the barrel hadron calorimeter at ±0.006 m from the coil median XY-plane. Two more NRM probes were installed at the faces of the tracking system at Z-coordinates of −2.835 and +2.831 m and a radius of 0.651 m from the solenoid axis. The field inside the superconducting solenoid was precisely measured in 2006 in a cylindrical volume of 3.448 m in diameter and 7 m in length using ten three-dimensional (3D) B-sensors based on the Hall effect (Hall probes). These B-sensors were installed on each of the two propeller arms of an automated field-mapping machine. In addition to these measurement systems, a system for monitoring the magnetic field during the CMS detector operation has been developed. Inside the solenoid in the horizontal plane, four 3D B-sensors were installed at the faces of the tracking detector at distances X = ±0.959 m and Z-coordinates of −2.899 and +2.895 m. Twelve 3D B-sensors were installed on the surfaces of the flux-return yoke nose disks. Seventy 3D B-sensors were installed in the air gaps of the CMS magnet yoke in 11 XY-planes of the azimuthal sector at 270°. A specially developed flux loop technique was used for the most complex measurements of the magnetic flux density inside the steel blocks of the CMS magnet yoke. The flux loops are installed in 22 sections of the flux-return yoke blocks in grooves of 30 mm wide and 12–13 mm deep and consist of 7–10 turns of 45 wire flat ribbon cable. The areas enclosed by these coils varied from 0.3 to 1.59 m2 in the blocks of the barrel wheels and from 0.5 to 1.12 m2 in the blocks of the yoke endcap disks. The development of these systems and the results of the magnetic flux density measurements across the CMS magnet are presented and discussed in this review article.

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Basic Statements of Research and Magnetic Field of Axial Excitation Inductor Generator

Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University Power and Electrical Engineering ◽

10.2478/v10144-011-0008-8 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 49-52

Author(s):

Igors Stroganovs ◽

Andrejs Zviedris

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Finite Element Method ◽

Finite Element ◽

Magnetic Flux ◽

Magnetic System ◽

System Optimization ◽

Magnetic Saturation ◽

The Finite Element Method ◽

Flux Linkage ◽

Axial Excitation

Basic Statements of Research and Magnetic Field of Axial Excitation Inductor GeneratorIn this work the main features of axial excitation inductor generators are described. Mathematical simulation of a magnetic field is realized by using the finite element method. The objective of this work is to elucidate how single elements shape, geometric dimensions and magnetic saturation of magnetic system affect the main characteristics of the field (magnetic induction, magnetic flux linkage). The main directions of a magnetic system optimization are specified.

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Comparison of core loss and magnetic flux distribution in amorphous and silicon steel core transformers

Electrical Engineering ◽

10.1007/s00202-017-0574-7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 100 (2) ◽

pp. 1125-1131 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Atabak Najafi ◽

Ires Iskender

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Flux ◽

Flux Distribution ◽

Core Loss ◽

Silicon Steel ◽

Steel Core

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Computationally Efficient Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Harmonics Content of the Magnetic Flux Distribution in a PMSM for Efficiency Maps Computation

2020 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM) ◽

10.1109/icem49940.2020.9270900 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Candelo-Zuluaga ◽

Antonio Garcia Espinosa ◽

Jordi-Roger Riba ◽

Pere Tubert Blanch

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Flux ◽

Flux Distribution ◽

Computationally Efficient

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Magnetic Flux Analysis of E-Core Hybrid Excited FSM with Various Rotor-Pole Topologies

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.774 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 695 ◽

pp. 774-777

Author(s):

Siti Nur Umira Zakaria ◽

Erwan Sulaiman

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Flux ◽

High Speed ◽

Flux Distribution ◽

Flux Analysis ◽

Flux Linkage ◽

Cogging Torque ◽

Excitation Coil ◽

Rotor Pole ◽

Field Excitation ◽

Flux Path

This paper presents magnetic flux analysis of E-Core Hybrid Excited FSM with various rotor pole topologies. The stator consists of three active fluxes sources namely armature coil, field excitation coil and permanent magnet, while the rotor consists of only stack of iron which is greatly reliable for high speed operation. Initially, coil arrangement tests are examined to validate the operating principle of the motor and to identify the zero rotor position. Then, performances of 6S-4P, 6S-5P, 6S-7P and 6S-8P E-Core HEFSMs such as flux path, flux linkage, cogging torque and flux distribution are observed. As conclusion, 6S-5P and 6S-7P designs have purely sinusoidal flux waveform and less cogging torque suitable for high torque and power motor.

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