The Efficiency of Using Mirror Imaged Topography in Fellow Eyes Analyses of Pentacam HR Data

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of flipping left corneas topography and analysethem quantitively along with fellow right corneas based on the assumption that they are mirror images of each other. Methods: The study involved scanning both eyes of 177 healthy participants (aged 35.3 ± 15.8) and 75 keratoconic participants (aged 33.9 ± 17.8). Clinical tomography data were collected for both eyes using the Pentacam HR and processed by a fully automated custom-built MATLAB code. For every case, the right eye was used as a datum fixed surface while the left cornea was flipped around in the superior–inferior direction. In this position, the root-mean-squared difference (RMS) between the flipped left cornea and the right cornea was initially determined for both the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. Next, the iterative closest point transformation algorithm was applied on the three-dimensional flipped cornea to allow the flipped left corneal anterior surface to translate and rotate, minimising the difference between it and the right corneal anterior surface. Then, the RMS differences were recalculated and compared. Results: A comparison of the dioptric powers showed a significant difference between the RMS of both the flipped left eyes and the right eyes in the healthy and the KC groups (p < 0.001). The RMS of the surfaces of the flipped left corneas and the right corneas was 0.6 ± 0.4 D among the healthy group and 4.1 ± 2.3 among the KC group. After transforming the flipped left corneas, the RMS was recorded as 0.5 ± 0.3 D and 2.4 ± 2 D among the healthy and KC groups, respectively. Conclusions: Although fellow eyes are highly related in their clinical parameters, they should be treated with care when one eye topography is flipped and processed with the other eye topography in an optic-related research analysis where translation might be needed. In KC, an asymmetric disease, it was observed that a portion of the asymmetry was due to a corneal apex shift interfering with the image acquisition. Therefore, transforming the flipped left eyes by rotation and translation results in a fairer comparison between the fellow KC corneas.

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A Novel Three-Dimensional Vector Analysis of Axial Globe Position in Thyroid Eye Disease

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2017/7253898 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jie Guo ◽

Jiang Qian ◽

Yifei Yuan ◽

Rui Zhang ◽

Wenhu Huang

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Thyroid Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Vector Method ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Ct Data ◽

Ct Measurement ◽

Geometrical Equation ◽

Corneal Apex

Purpose. To define a three-dimensional (3D) vector method to describe the axial globe position in thyroid eye disease (TED).Methods. CT data from 59 patients with TED were collected and 3D images were reconstructed. A reference coordinate system was established, and the coordinates of the corneal apex and the eyeball center were calculated to obtain the globe vectorEC→. The measurement reliability was evaluated. The parameters ofEC→were analyzed and compared with the results of two-dimensional (2D) CT measurement, Hertel exophthalmometry, and strabismus tests.Results. The reliability ofEC→measurement was excellent. The difference betweenEC→and 2D CT measurement was significant (p=0.003), andEC→was more consistent with Hertel exophthalmometry than with 2D CT measurement (p<0.001). There was no significant difference betweenEC→and Hirschberg test, and a strong correlation was found betweenEC→and synoptophore test. When one eye had a larger deviation angle than its fellow, its corneal apex shifted in the corresponding direction, but the shift of the eyeball center was not significant. The parameters ofEC→were almost perfectly consistent with the geometrical equation.Conclusions. The establishment of a 3D globe vector is feasible and reliable, and it could provide more information in the axial globe position.

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A volumetric three-dimensional evaluation of invasiveness of an endoscopic and microscopic approach for transmeatal visualisation of the middle ear

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215121000293 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

A H A Baazil ◽

J G G Dobbe ◽

E van Spronsen ◽

F A Ebbens ◽

F G Dikkers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Endoscopic Approach ◽

Microscopic Approach ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Computed Tomography Scans ◽

The Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Objective This study aimed to compare the necessary scutum defect for transmeatal visualisation of middle-ear landmarks between an endoscopic and microscopic approach. Method Human cadaveric heads were used. In group 1, middle-ear landmarks were visualised by endoscope (group 1 endoscopic approach) and subsequently by microscope (group 1 microscopic approach following endoscopy). In group 2, landmarks were visualised solely microscopically (group 2 microscopic approach). The amount of resected bone was evaluated via computed tomography scans. Results In the group 1 endoscopic approach, a median of 6.84 mm3 bone was resected. No statistically significant difference (Mann–Whitney U test, p = 0.163, U = 49.000) was found between the group 1 microscopic approach following endoscopy (median 17.84 mm3) and the group 2 microscopic approach (median 20.08 mm3), so these were combined. The difference between the group 1 endoscopic approach and the group 1 microscopic approach following endoscopy plus group 2 microscopic approach (median 18.16 mm3) was statistically significant (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.001, U = 18.000). Conclusion This study showed that endoscopic transmeatal visualisation of middle-ear landmarks preserves more of the bony scutum than a microscopic transmeatal approach.

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Difference in height of maxillary alveolar ridge on edentulous women and dentate women using panoramic radiography

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.415 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 1243-1248

Author(s):

Cek Dara Manja ◽

Dennis

Keyword(s):

Panoramic Radiography ◽

Total Sample ◽

Mechanical Stimulus ◽

Average Height ◽

Alveolar Ridge ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Average Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right

The height of the maxillary alveolar ridge can be measured using panoramic radiography. The decline occurred because the height of the alveolar ridge undergoes slow physiological resorption due to the absence of mechanical stimulus. The purpose of this research is to know the difference and the average height of the maxillary alveolar ridge in edentulous and dentate women using panoramic radiography. This study is an analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. A total sample of 40 women, edentulous and dentate has been measured. Measurements were made by measuring the distance between the lowest point of the infraorbital ridge and alveolar crest maxilla on the incisor point, right and left premolar, right and left molar. A statistical test is done using independent t-test. The results showed that the average value of a dentate women sample is greater than edentulous. The average value obtained by the dentate sample is greatest in incisor point by 37,57mm± 3,34mm and the smallest at the right molar point by 33,87mm ± 2,81mm. The average value obtained by the edentulous sample is greatest in incisor point by 35,30mm ± 2,79mm and the smallest at the right molar point by 31,84mm ± 3,85mm. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the height of the maxillary alveolar ridge on an edentulous sample and dentate, except the right molar teeth. The average height of the maxillary alveolar ridge in an edentulous sample is 33,35mm ± 3,43mm, and the dentate sample is 35,66mm ± 3,21mm.

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Evaluation of Biomechanically Corrected Intraocular Pressure Measurements in Keratoconus and Forme Fruste Keratoconus

Ophthalmic Research ◽

10.1159/000506839 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 541-549

Author(s):

Tomoya Nishida ◽

Takashi Kojima ◽

Takahiro Kataoka ◽

Naoki Isogai ◽

Yoko Yoshida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Biomechanical Properties ◽

Control Group ◽

Pressure Measurements ◽

Altman Plot ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Corneal Biomechanical Properties ◽

Forme Fruste Keratoconus

Introduction: Although biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) is available, the effectiveness of intraocular pressure (IOP) correction in keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus (FFK) eyes has not been investigated. Objective: Evaluation of bIOP measurements in eyes with keratoconus and FFK. Methods: Forty-two eyes in 21 patients with keratoconus in one eye and FFK in the fellow eye were examined (KC/FFK group; mean age 24.62 ± 8.6 years; 16 males and 5 females). The control group consisted of 62 eyes in 31 unaffected subjects (mean age 26.26 ± 3.64 years; 15 males and 16 females). The bIOP was determined using a Scheimpflug-based tonometer (Corvis Scheimpflug Technology [Corvis ST®]) after measuring the IOP with a conventional non-contact tonometer (NIOP). The agreement between NIOP and bIOP values was examined using the Bland-Altman plot. The difference between NIOP and bIOP (bIOP correction amount) was compared between keratoconus and FFK eyes. Results: In the control group, there were no significant differences between right and left eyes in both NIOP and bIOP values (p = 0.975 and p = 0.224, respectively). In the KC/FFK group, NIOP values were significantly lower in the keratoconus eyes (9.93 ± 1.96 mm Hg) than in the FFK eyes (12.23 ± 3.03 mm Hg; p = 0.0003). There was no significant difference in bIOP values between the right and left eyes of the KC/FFK group (p = 0.168). The bIOP correction amount was significantly increased in keratoconus eyes (3.58 ± 2.12 mm Hg) compared to in FFK eyes (1.80 ± 3.32 mm Hg; p = 0.011). Conclusions: For eyes with keratoconus and FFK, the bIOP method is effective to adjust IOP measurements based on corneal biomechanical properties.

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A comparison of animated versus static images in an instructional multimedia presentation

AJP Advances in Physiology Education ◽

10.1152/advan.00053.2015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 201-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

C. J. Daly ◽

J. M. Bulloch ◽

M. Ma ◽

D. Aidulis

Keyword(s):

Student Satisfaction ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

The Other ◽

Multimedia Presentation ◽

Still Images ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Essay Question ◽

The Difference ◽

Video Compositing

Sophisticated three-dimensional animation and video compositing software enables the creation of complex multimedia instructional movies. However, if the design of such presentations does not take account of cognitive load and multimedia theories, then their effectiveness as learning aids will be compromised. We investigated the use of animated images versus still images by creating two versions of a 4-min multimedia presentation on vascular neuroeffector transmission. One version comprised narration and animations, whereas the other animation comprised narration and still images. Fifty-four undergraduate students from level 3 pharmacology and physiology undergraduate degrees participated. Half of the students watched the full animation, and the other half watched the stills only. Students watched the presentation once and then answered a short essay question. Answers were coded and marked blind. The “animation” group scored 3.7 (SE: 0.4; out of 11), whereas the “stills” group scored 3.2 (SE: 0.5). The difference was not statistically significant. Further analysis of bonus marks, awarded for appropriate terminology use, detected a significant difference in one class (pharmacology) who scored 0.6 (SE: 0.2) versus 0.1 (SE: 0.1) for the animation versus stills group, respectively ( P = 0.04). However, when combined with the physiology group, the significance disappeared. Feedback from students was extremely positive and identified four main themes of interest. In conclusion, while increasing student satisfaction, we do not find strong evidence in favor of animated images over still images in this particular format. We also discuss the study design and offer suggestions for further investigations of this type.

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A study on maxillary sinus dimensions by computed tomography in population of Tamil Nadu

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3401592 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 05 (02) ◽

pp. 091-096

Author(s):

N Muthukumaravel ◽

K.Y Manjunath

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Maxillary Sinus ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Maximum Width ◽

Average Width ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Maxillary Sinuses

Abstract Background and aims: Maxillary sinuses are the largest of the paranasal sinuses known for variability in their dimensions. The maxillary sinus dimensions can be better ascertained in living by using computed tomography instead of plain radiography. This study was planned for highlighting the variations in the dimensions of the maxillary sinuses of population of Tamil Nadu region. The aims of the present study were to estimate dimensions of the maxillary sinuses on computed tomographic (CT) scan of the head of patients from Tamil Nadu and to compare the data gender wise and sidewise. Material and methods: Maximum width, height and depth of maxillary sinus of both sides were measured in CT - head images of 100 males and 100 females of 20-50 years of age in Tamil Nadu. Comparison of data between genders and sides by applying unpaired student "t" test was done. Results : The mean depth, height and width of both right and left maxillary sinuses were comparatively less in females than the males and the difference was found to be statistically significant ( P <.0001). On comparison between the sides of maxillary sinuses, the depth and the height of maxillary sinus did not show any significant difference in the measurements (p >.05), whereas the width of the left side (23.96 mm) was higher than that of the right side (23.69) and the difference was found to be statistically significant (P<.05). The combined average maxillary sinus dimensions (in mm) for both genders in the study population of Tamil Nadu are as follows: Right side depth: 33.71 ± 1.00; Left side depth : 33.65 ± 1.22; Right side height: 34.66 ± 2.71; Left side height: 34.74± 2.48; Right side width: 23.69 ± 0.78 and Left side width: 23.96 ± 0.86. Conclusion: The dimensions of maxillary sinuses in males were found to be larger than those of females and this difference was statistically significant. The average width of the maxillary sinuses on the left side is significantly more than that of right sided sinuses. Computed tomography measurements of maxillary sinuses may be useful in gender determination.

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Thicknesses of Macular Inner Retinal Layers in Children with Anisometropic Amblyopia

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/6853258 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Zheren Xia ◽

Hao Chen ◽

Suilian Zheng

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Plexiform Layer ◽

Inner Plexiform Layer ◽

Macular Area ◽

Anisometropic Amblyopia ◽

Retinal Layers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Fellow Eyes ◽

Sd Oct

Objective. To investigate the thicknesses of macular inner retinal layers in children with anisometropic amblyopia using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods. Thirty-seven children with anisometropic amblyopia and fifty-seven children with normal vision were recruited in the study. Both eyes of children with anisometropic amblyopia and the right eyes of normal controls underwent scanning with the Spectralis OCT. The segmentation of retinal layers was performed automatically to measure individual inner retinal layers in the five sectors of the macular. An independent sample t -test was applied to compare the mean layer thicknesses of anisometropic eyes and fellow eyes with those of control eyes. Results. There was no significant difference in the total macular thickness between amblyopic and control eyes. However, in the peripheral macular area, three of the four quadrants of both the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the inner plexiform layer (IPL) thicknesses were significantly reduced in amblyopic eyes compared to control eyes. Moreover, two of the four quadrants of the GCL thickness and three of the four quadrants of the IPL thickness in the peripheral macular area were significantly reduced in fellow eyes than in control eyes. Conclusion. The SD-OCT data revealed differences in the thicknesses of some macular inner retinal layers in both eyes of children with anisometropic amblyopia compared with those with emmetropia, indicating that structural changes might exist in the retina of children with amblyopia.

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Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Reveals Abnormal Hemodynamics in the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex of Menopausal Depression Patients

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2017/1695930 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Xiang-Yun Ma ◽

Yong-Jun Wang ◽

Bo Xu ◽

Kun Feng ◽

Gao-Xiang Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Verbal Fluency Task ◽

Left Dlpfc ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Menopausal Depression

Background/Objective. Menopausal depression (MD) is characterized by depressive symptoms along with hormonal fluctuations. We investigate brain function alteration between major depressive disorder (MDD) and MD.Methods. The difference in oxygenated hemoglobin (Oxy-Hb) for the prefrontal cortex (PFC) was compared retrospectively among 90 females presented with 30 MDD, 30 MD, and 30 healthy controls (HCs) using verbal fluency task (VFT) with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).Results. We observed a significant difference in Oxy-Hb alteration in the left dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) using VFT with NIRS (channel 18,P=0.007) between the MD and MDD groups. A significant difference in Oxy-Hb levels was observed among the three groups in the bilateral DLPFC (channels 18, 27, 33, 39, 41, and 45;P<0.05). Compared to the HCs, the MD group presented lower Oxy-Hb activation in the right DLPFC (channel 41;P=0.048) and the left DLPFC (channels 18, 39, and 45;P<0.05), and the MDD group presented lower Oxy-Hb activation in the right DLPFC (channels 27, 33, and 41;P<0.05) and the left DLPFC (channels 39 and 45;P<0.05).Conclusion. Abnormal hemodynamics of the left DLPFC can differentiate MD from MDD by NIRS.

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The Wisdom to Know the Difference

Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0956797616669086 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (12) ◽

pp. 1651-1659 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Simon J. Haines ◽

John Gleeson ◽

Peter Kuppens ◽

Tom Hollenstein ◽

Joseph Ciarrochi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Adaptive Strategy ◽

Well Being ◽

Opposite Pattern ◽

Regulation Strategies ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Ecological Momentary ◽

Momentary Assessment ◽

Healthy Participants

The ability to regulate emotions is central to well-being, but healthy emotion regulation may not merely be about using the “right” strategies. According to the strategy-situation-fit hypothesis, emotion-regulation strategies are conducive to well-being only when used in appropriate contexts. This study is the first to test the strategy-situation-fit hypothesis using ecological momentary assessment of cognitive reappraisal—a putatively adaptive strategy. We expected people who used reappraisal more in uncontrollable situations and less in controllable situations to have greater well-being than people with the opposite pattern of reappraisal use. Healthy participants ( n = 74) completed measures of well-being in the lab and used a smartphone app to report their use of reappraisal and perceived controllability of their environment 10 times a day for 1 week. Results supported the strategy-situation-fit hypothesis. Participants with relatively high well-being used reappraisal more in situations they perceived as lower in controllability and less in situations they perceived as higher in controllability. In contrast, we found little evidence for an association between greater well-being and greater mean use of reappraisal across situations.

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The effect of prosthetic torsional stiffness on the golf swing kinematics of a left and a right-sided trans-tibial amputee

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.1080/03093640408726697 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 121-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. P. Rogers ◽

S. C. Strike ◽

E. S. Wallace

Keyword(s):

Ankle Joint ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Transverse Plane ◽

Golf Swing ◽

Torsional Stiffness ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Socket Interface

The golf swing is a biomechanically complex movement requiring three-dimensional movements at the ankle joint complex (AJC), the hips and shoulders. Trans-tibial amputees lose the natural AJC movements as many prostheses do not allow three dimensional foot movements. Torsion devices have been developed and incorporated into prostheses to facilitate internal and external transverse plane rotations. These devices can help amputees to compensate for the loss of movement and to reduce shearing stresses at the stump-socket interface. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of three torsion devices on body rotations during the golf swing. Two trans-tibial amputees (one right-sided and one left-sided) were analysed using three-dimensional video analysis at address (ADR), the top of the backswing (TBS) and at the end of the follow-through (EFT). The participants played shots with a 3-wood under three different prosthetic conditions (two with a torsion device set to different stiffness values, and one with no torsion device). The results showed that the torsion device served to improve the hip and shoulder rotations of the left-side amputee without increasing perceived stress at the stump. The torsion device had minimal effect on the hip and shoulder rotations of the right-side amputee, although perceived stress was reduced. The difference in results between the right-sided and left-sided amputees was due to the different requirements of each foot during the golf swing. The main problem faced by the right-side amputee was a loss of the sagittal plane movement of ankle joint plantarflexion at EFT, rather than the transverse plane movement.

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