scholarly journals Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside Content Is Highly Associated with Deoxynivalenol Levels in Two-Row Barley Genotypes of Importance to Canadian Barley Breeding Programs

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Tucker ◽  
Ana Badea ◽  
Richard Blagden ◽  
Kerri Pleskach ◽  
Sheryl A. Tittlemier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Blight ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Varietal Response ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Barley Genotypes ◽  
Dough Stage

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a multipurpose crop that can be harvested as grain or cut prior to maturity for use as forage. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of barley that reduces quality of grain. FHB can also result in the accumulation of mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Breeding FHB resistant varieties has been a long-term goal of many barley-producing countries, including Canada. While the genetic basis of DON detoxification via production of less-phytotoxic conjugates such as DON-3-glucoside (DON3G) is well documented in barley, little information exists in reference to varietal response. Over two years, 16 spring, two-row barley genotypes, of importance to western Canadian barley breeding programs, were grown as short-rows and inoculated following spike emergence with a Fusarium graminearum conidia suspension. Half of the plots were harvested at soft dough stage and then dissected into rachis and grain components, whereas the remainder was harvested at maturity. Multiple Fusarium-mycotoxins were assayed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mycotoxin content was elevated at the earlier harvest point, especially in the rachis tissue. DON3G constituted a significant percentage (26%) of total trichothecene content and thus its co-occurrence with DON should be considered by barley industries. DON3G was highly correlated with DON and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3ADON). The ratio of D3G/DON exhibited consistency across genotypes, however more-resistant genotypes were characterized by a higher ratio at the soft-dough stage followed by a decrease at maturity. Plant breeding practices that use DON content as a biomarker for resistance would likely result in the development of barley cultivars with lower total DON-like compounds.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Canadian barley breeding lines for Fusarium head blight resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyao He ◽  
Mohamed Osman ◽  
James Helm ◽  
Flavio Capettini ◽  
Pawan K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Fhb Resistance

He, X., Osman, M., Helm, J., Capettini, F. and Singh, P. K. 2015. Evaluation of Canadian barley breeding lines for Fusarium head blight resistance. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 923–929. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major challenge to the successful production of barley in Canada, as well as for end-users such as the malting and brewing industries. Due to the quantitative inheritance of FHB resistance, continuous effort is required to identify breeding lines with improved FHB resistance and incorporate them into crossing schemes to enhance FHB resistance. In the present study, 402 advanced breeding lines from Alberta, Canada, were evaluated in the FHB screening nursery at CIMMYT, Mexico. In 2011 and 2012, FHB incidence was measured on a scale of 1 to 4 to eliminate the most susceptible lines. In 2013 and 2014, 181 lines with the lowest disease scores in the previous 2 yr were tested in replicated experiments for field FHB index, Fusarium-damaged kernels, and deoxynivalenol content. Agronomic and morphological traits, specifically days to heading, plant height, and row and hull types were also evaluated in relations to FHB parameters. Correlation coefficients among the three FHB parameters in both 2013 and 2014 were all significant at P<0.0001, ranging from 0.36 to 0.63. Additional correlation analysis showed that late-maturing, tall, and two-row lines tended to have lower disease, whereas hull type did not show a significant correlation with FHB. Several lines with high and stable FHB resistance similar to that of the resistant checks were identified. These could be used in breeding programs as resistance sources or be registered as new cultivars if their overall attributes meet commercial standards.

scholarly journals Mapping and validation of the genes for resistance to Pyrenophora teres f. teres in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cakir ◽  
S. Gupta ◽  
G. J. Platz ◽  
G. A. Ablett ◽  
R. Loughman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Pyrenophora Teres ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Selection Of

Identification and deployment of disease resistance genes are key objectives of Australian barley breeding programs. Two doubled haploid (DH) populations derived from Tallon × Kaputar (TK) and VB9524 × ND11231 (VN) crosses were used to identify markers for net type net blotch (NTNB) (Pyrenophora teres f. teres). The maps included 263 and 250 markers for TK and VN populations, respectively. The TK population was screened with 5 pathotypes and the VN population with 1 pathotype of NTNB as seedlings in the glasshouse. In addition, the TK population was subjected to natural infection in the field at Hermitage Research Station, Qld. Analyses of the markers were performed using the software packages MapManager and Qgene. One region on chromosome 6H was strongly associated with resistance to NTNB in both populations (R2 = 83% for TK and 66% for VN). In the TK population, 2 more quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified on chromosomes 2H and 3H, with R2 values of 30% and 31%, respectively. These associations were consistent over all pathotypes studied during the seedling stage. The same QTL on chromosome 6H was also found to be highly significantly associated (R2 = 65%) with the adult plant (field) response in the TK population. There are several very closely linked markers showing strong associations in these regions. Association of the 4 markers on chromosome 6H QTL with resistance to the NTNB has been validated in 2 other DH populations derived from barley crosses Pompadour × Stirling and WPG8412 × Stirling. These markers present an opportunity for marker assisted selection of lines resistant to NTNB in barley breeding programs.

Development and allele diversity of microsatellite markers linked to the aluminium tolerance gene Alp in barley

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Raman ◽  
A. Karakousis ◽  
J. S. Moroni ◽  
R. Raman ◽  
B. J. Read ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Chromosome 4H ◽  
Tolerance Gene ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Aluminium (Al) toxicity is one of the main factors restricting barley production in acidic soils. The utilisation of barley cultivars tolerant to Al is one of the most economic strategies for expanding barley production in these soils. Among barley genotypes, the cultivar Dayton has been reported to exhibit the highest level of Al tolerance. The gene conferring Al tolerance in Dayton, Alp, has been mapped to the long arm of chromosome 4H using RFLP markers. However, such markers are not useful for routine marker-assisted selection in breeding programs due to the cost and labour associated with their use. To increase the ease by which marker-assisted selection can be conducted for Alp, we sought to identify microsatellite markers linked to this gene. Several such markers that flank Alp were identified in a mapping population from a cross between Dayton and Harlan Hybrid. The most tightly linked microsatellite markers, HVM68 and Bmag353, flank Alp and are 5.3 cM and 3.1 cM from this locus, respectively. The linkage between Bmag353 and Alp was validated in a separate F3 population derived from the cross between Dayton and F6ant28B48-16, where this microsatellite marker was found to predict the Al tolerance phenotype with over 95% accuracy. Allele diversity for the 3 most tightly linked microsatellite markers was evaluated among 40 barley genotypes currently used in Australian barley breeding programs. The high levels of polymorphism detected among the genotypes with the markers indicated that the microsatellite markers, especially Bmag353 and Bmac310, will be broadly useful for marker-assisted selection of Alp in breeding programs seeking to improve Al tolerance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Barley Genotypes against Spot Blotch Disease in Inner Tarai Region of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
Subash Subedi ◽  
Sarasawati Neupane ◽  
Sukbahadur Gurung ◽  
Arjun Raymajhi ◽  
Lokendra Oli
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Augmented Design ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc. in Sorok.) Shoem. is an important disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). A total of 126 barley genotypes received from Hill Crops Research Program, Kabre, Dolakha having SoluUwa as a susceptible check and Bonus as a resistant check were evaluated as barley disease screening nursery (BDSN) under natural epiphytotic condition at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan during winter seasons of 2017 and 2018. The nursery was planted in augmented design. The resistant and susceptible checks were repeated and planted after each 10 tested entries. The unit plot size was 2 rows of one meter length for each genotype planted continuously with 25cm row to row spacing. The seed rate was 100 kg/ha. The recommended fertilizer dose of 23:30:0 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha was applied. The double digit scale (00 to 99) was used to measure overall foliar infection on the whole plant during flowering, soft dough and hard dough stages. Other agronomic practices were followed as per recommendation. Genotypes B86019-1K-3K-0K3, ACC 2087, ACC 2441, ACC GHv-06816, ACC 1597, ACC 1612, ACC 2059 and ACC 2032 were resistant against spot blotch disease. Similarly, 32 barley genotypes were moderately resistant and rest of the tested genotypes were susceptible to the disease. The selected resistant barley genotypes can be used in crossing program and/or promoted for further testing to develop spot blotch resistant varieties for inner Tarai region of Nepal.

Yield and yield component response of barley in subarctic and temperate environments

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Dofing ◽  
C. W. Knight ◽  
T. G. Berke ◽  
P. S. Baenziger
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Superior Genotypes

Plant breeders are continually searching for new sources of genetically diverse germplasm from which superior genotypes might be developed. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of subarctic- and temperate-adapted barley cultivars when grown in reciprocal areas of adaptation to determine their potential for use in breeding programs. Four subarctic-adapted and four temperature-adapted barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were grown at two environments each in Alaska (subarctic) and Nebraska (temperate) for 2 yr. Subarctic-adapted cultivars were earlier heading and earlier maturing in both environments, although differences were larger in subarctic environments. Grain yield of the two classes of cultivars was similar in subarctic environments, but temperate-adapted cultivars were far superior when grown intemperate environments. Kernel weight of all cultivars was higher in subarctic environments than in temperate environments. Maturity differences alone did not account for the poor performance of subarctic-adapted cultivars in temperate environments. Yield was positively correlated with all three yield components in temperate environments, but only with spikes per square meter in subarctic environments. Results from this study suggest that greater potential exists for the utilization of temperate-adapted germplasm to favourably increase the genetic diversity of subarctic-adapted germplasm than vice versa.Key words: Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., adaptation, yield components

scholarly journals Genetic patterns of breeding upon creation of the first Ukrainian waxy barley cultivar Shedevr

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
M. R. Kozachenko ◽  
A. G. Naumov ◽  
N. I. Vasko ◽  
P. N. Solonechnyi ◽  
O. V. Solonechna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Genetic Patterns

Aim. The study’s purpose was to establish genetic patterns of waxy barley breeding on the basis of determination of genetic and breeding characteristics of accessions with different fractional composition of starch during 10/11-year cycles of the breeding process upon creation of waxy barley cultivars. Methods. Analysis of variance, calculus of variations, correlation analysis, genetic and breeding methods were used to investigate peculiarities of genotypes in topcross, diallel and pair-crossing designs. Results. The important scientific problem concerning establishment of genetic patterns of waxy spring barley breeding was solved. We determined morpho-biological features, variability, correlations and genetic peculiarities of inheritance, heritability, genetic variation and combining ability for quantitative traits of plants as well as for amylopectin content in starch of F1 hybrids derived from forms with different fractional composition of starch. As a result of establishing the patterns, the effectiveness of creation of valuable lines and waxy barley cultivar Shedevr with amylopectin starch was demonstrated. Conclusions. The morpho-biological, breeding and genetic peculiarities of plant traits with different fractional composition of starch were determined. On this basis, the genetic patterns of waxy barley breeding were established, and the first Ukrainian waxy barley cultivar Shedevr (with amylopectin starch) was created. Keywords: Hordeum vulgare L., accession, cultivar, amylopectin starch, genetic peculiarities.

Analysis of dwarfing genes in Zhepi 1 and Aizao 3: Two dwarfing gene donors in barley breeding in China

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Chihong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dwarfing Genes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Direct Cross ◽  
Allelism Tests

Inheritance of plant height was studied in Zhepi 1 and Aizao 3, two dwarfing gene donors used in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding programs in China. With direct cross and para-backcross methods, allelism tests were conducted for Zhepi 1 and Aizo 3 with barley entries carrying either brh 1, uzu 1, sdw1, or six new dwarfing genes recently identified in Chinese barley accessions. Plant height in both Zhepi 1 and Aizao 3 was controlled by the same recessive dwarfing gene. The dwarfing gene carried by both of these cultivars is different from the three known and the six new dwarfing genes. Based on the results of this study, only two dwarfing genes have predominantly been used in barley breeding in China since 1950. Key words: Hordeum vulgare, dwarf source, dwarfing gene

scholarly journals Morphological and Chemical Factors Related to Western Flower Thrips Resistance in the Ornamental Gladiolus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1384
Author(s):  
Dinar S. C. Wahyuni ◽  
Young Hae Choi ◽  
Kirsten A. Leiss ◽  
Peter G. L. Klinkhamer
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Plant Resistance ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Highly Correlated

Understanding the mechanisms involved in host plant resistance opens the way for improved resistance breeding programs by using the traits involved as markers. Pest management is a major problem in cultivation of ornamentals. Gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus L.) is an economically important ornamental in the Netherlands. Gladiolus is especially sensitive to attack by western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera:Thripidae)). The objective of this study was, therefore, to investigate morphological and chemical markers for resistance breeding to western flower thrips in Gladiolus varieties. We measured thrips damage of 14 Gladiolus varieties in a whole-plant thrips bioassay and related this to morphological traits with a focus on papillae density. Moreover, we studied chemical host plant resistance to using an eco-metabolomic approach comparing the 1H NMR profiles of thrips resistant and susceptible varieties representing a broad range of papillae densities. Thrips damage varied strongly among varieties: the most susceptible variety showed 130 times more damage than the most resistant one. Varieties with low thrips damage had shorter mesophylls and epidermal cells, as well as a higher density of epicuticular papillae. All three traits related to thrips damage were highly correlated with each other. We observed a number of metabolites related to resistance against thrips: two unidentified triterpenoid saponins and the amino acids alanine and threonine. All these compounds were highly correlated amongst each other as well as to the density of papillae. These correlations suggest that papillae are involved in resistance to thrips by producing and/or storing compounds causing thrips resistance. Although it is not possible to distinguish the individual effects of morphological and chemical traits statistically, our results show that papillae density is an easy marker in Gladiolus-breeding programs targeted at increased resistance to thrips.

The combined effect of nitrogen fertilizer and sowing season on response to water-limited stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
S. Bardehji ◽  
H. R. Eshghizadeh ◽  
M. Zahedi ◽  
M. R. Sabzalian ◽  
M. Gheisari
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Sowing Season ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Barley Genotypes

Abstract A field experiment was carried out for over two seasons (autumn and spring) as a split–split plot scheme based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots included two irrigation levels of the maximum available water depletion (maximum allowable depletion (MAD)) of 55 and 85% as non-stress and drought-stress environments, respectively, and the subplot accommodated two levels of nitrogen (0 and 62.5 kg N/ha, urea fertilizer); also, 20 barley genotypes were assigned to the sub-subplots. The biplot analysis of both sowing seasons showed that grain yield (GY) had a high positive correlation with total biomass (TB), whereas it had a high negative correlation with proline and total soluble carbohydrate as drought-tolerance-determinant characteristics. The genotypes which had the lowest and highest GY ranked significantly (P ≤ 0.01) different with changing the sowing season under each irrigation level, indicating a larger plant interaction and non-stability in response to the season change (about two-fold), as compared to the change in the irrigation conditions. It could also be concluded that barley genotypes might experience a higher decrease in GY and sensitivity to water deficit in the autumn sowing season, as compared to the spring planting season, which was also intensified by nitrogen application. However, the response to nitrogen application depends on the plant genotype.

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