scholarly journals Detoxification and Excretion of Trichothecenes in Transgenic Arabidopsisthaliana Expressing Fusarium graminearum Trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Guixia Hao ◽  
Susan McCormick ◽  
Helene Tiley ◽  
Thomas Usgaard
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
The Media ◽  
Self Protection

Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), produces trichothecenes including deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and 3,7,15-trihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (NX-3). These toxins contaminate grains and cause profound health problems in humans and animals. To explore exploiting a fungal self-protection mechanism in plants, we examined the ability of F. graminearum trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (FgTri101) to detoxify several key trichothecenes produced by F. graminearum: DON, 15-ADON, NX-3, and NIV. FgTri101 was cloned from F. graminearum and expressed in Arabidopsis plants. We compared the phytotoxic effects of purified DON, NIV, and NX-3 on the root growth of transgenic Arabidopsis expressing FgTri101. Compared to wild type and GUS controls, FgTri101 transgenic Arabidopsis plants displayed significantly longer root length on media containing DON and NX-3. Furthermore, we confirmed that the FgTri101 transgenic plants acetylated DON to 3-ADON, 15-ADON to 3,15-diADON, and NX-3 to NX-2, but did not acetylate NIV. Approximately 90% of the converted toxins were excreted into the media. Our study indicates that transgenic Arabidopsis expressing FgTri101 can provide plant protection by detoxifying trichothecenes and excreting the acetylated toxins out of plant cells. Characterization of plant transporters involved in trichothecene efflux will provide novel targets to reduce FHB and mycotoxin contamination in economically important plant crops.

scholarly journals A Natural Mutation Involving both Pathogenicity and Perithecium Formation in the Fusarium graminearum Species Complex

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 3883-3892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruhisha Suga ◽  
Koji Kageyama ◽  
Masafumi Shimizu ◽  
Misturo Hyakumachi
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex

Abstract Members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (Fg complex or FGSC) are the primary pathogens causing Fusarium head blight in wheat and barley worldwide. A natural pathogenicity mutant (strain 0225022) was found in a sample of the Fg complex collected in Japan. The mutant strain did not induce symptoms in wheat spikes beyond the point of inoculation, and did not form perithecia. No segregation of phenotypic deficiencies occurred in the progenies of a cross between the mutant and a fully pathogenic wild-type strain, which suggested that a single genetic locus controlled both traits. The locus was mapped to chromosome 2 by using sequence-tagged markers; and a deletion of ∼3 kb was detected in the mapped region of the mutant strain. The wild-type strain contains the FGSG_02810 gene, encoding a putative glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor protein, in this region. The contribution of FGSG_02810 to pathogenicity and perithecium formation was confirmed by complementation in the mutant strain using gene transfer, and by gene disruption in the wild-type strain.

scholarly journals Enhanced Resistance to Fusarium graminearum in Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants Expressing a Modified Plant Thionin

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1056-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guixia Hao ◽  
Matthew G. Bakker ◽  
Hye-Seon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
And Control

The fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat, barley, and other grains. FHB results in yield reductions and contaminates grain with trichothecene mycotoxins, which threaten food safety and food security. Innovative mechanisms for controlling FHB are urgently needed. We have previously shown that transgenic tobacco and citrus plants expressing a modified thionin (Mthionin) exhibited enhanced resistance toward several bacterial pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate whether overexpression of Mthionin could be similarly efficacious against F. graminearum, and whether transgenic expression of Mthionin impacts the plant microbiome. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing Mthionin were generated and confirmed. When challenged with F. graminearum, Mthionin-expressing plants showed less disease and fungal biomass in both leaves and inflorescences compared with control plants. When infiltrated into leaves, macroconidia of F. graminearum germinated at lower rates and produced less hyphal growth in Arabidopsis leaves expressing Mthionin. Moreover, marker genes related to defense signaling pathways were expressed at significantly higher levels after F. graminearum infection in Mthionin transgenic Arabidopsis plants. However, Mthionin expression did not appreciably alter the overall microbiome associated with transgenic plants grown under controlled conditions; across leaves and roots of Mthionin-expressing and control transgenic plants, only a few bacterial and fungal taxa differed, and differences between Mthionin transformants were of similar magnitude compared with control plants. In sum, our data indicate that Mthionin is a promising candidate to produce transgenic crops for reducing FHB severity and ultimately mycotoxin contamination.

The characterization of ligand-specific maize (Zea mays) profilin mutants

2001 ◽  
Vol 358 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. KOVAR ◽  
Bj⊘rn K. DRØBAK ◽  
David A. COLLINGS ◽  
Christopher J. STAIGER
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Actin Assembly ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ligand Interaction ◽  
Binding Partners

Profilins are low-molecular-mass (12–15kDa) cytosolic proteins that are major regulators of actin assembly in all eukaryotic cells. In general, profilins from evolutionarily diverse organisms share the ability to bind to G-actin, poly-(l-proline) (PLP) and proline-rich proteins, and polyphosphoinositides. However, the functional importance of each of these interactions remains unclear and might differ between organisms. We investigated the importance of profilin's interaction with its various ligands in plant cells by characterizing four maize (Zea mays) profilin 5 (ZmPRO5) mutants that had single amino acid substitutions in the presumed sites of ligand interaction. Comparisons in vitro with wild-type ZmPRO5 showed that these mutations altered ligand association specifically. ZmPRO5-Y6F had a 3-fold increased affinity for PLP, ZmPRO5-Y6Q had a 5-fold decreased affinity for PLP, ZmPRO5-D8A had a 2-fold increased affinity for PtdIns(4,5)P2 and ZmPRO5-K86A had a 35-fold decreased affinity for G-actin. When the profilins were microinjected into Tradescantia stamen hair cells, ZmPRO5-Y6F increased the rate of nuclear displacement in stamen hairs, whereas ZmPRO5-K86A decreased the rate. Mutants with a decreased affinity for PLP (ZmPRO5-Y6Q) or an enhanced affinity for PtdIns(4,5)P2 (ZmPRO5-D8A) were not significantly different from wild-type ZmPRO5 in affecting nuclear position. These results indicate that plant profilin's association with G-actin is extremely important and further substantiate the simple model that profilin acts primarily as a G-actin-sequestering protein in plant cells. Furthermore, interaction with proline-rich binding partners might also contribute to regulating profilin's effect on actin assembly in plant cells.

scholarly journals A sterol C-14 reductase encoded by FgERG24B is responsible for the intrinsic resistance of Fusarium graminearum to amine fungicides

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 1665-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Liu ◽  
Jing Fu ◽  
Yingzi Yun ◽  
Yanni Yin ◽  
Zhonghua Ma
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Deletion Mutants ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of wheat head blight, shows intrinsic resistance to amine fungicides. It is commonly accepted that the amines target sterol C-14 reductase and sterol Δ8–Δ7 isomerase of ergosterol biosynthesis, encoded by the genes ERG24 and ERG2, respectively. Analysis of the genome sequence of F. graminearum revealed that the fungus contains two paralogous FgERG24 genes (FgERG24A and FgERG24B), which are homologous to the ERG24 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we disrupted FgERG24A and FgERG24B in F. graminearum. Compared to the wild-type strain HN9-1, FgERG24A and FgERG24B deletion mutants did not show recognizable phenotypic changes in mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar or in virulence on wheat heads. HPLC analysis showed that the amount of ergosterol in FgERG24A or FgERG24B deletion mutants was not significantly different from that in the wild-type strain. These results indicate that neither of the two genes is essential for growth, pathogenicity or ergosterol biosynthesis in F. graminearum. FgERG24B deletion mutants exhibited significantly increased sensitivity to amine fungicides, including tridemorph, fenpropidin and spiroxamine, but not to non-amine fungicides. In contrast, FgERG24A deletion mutants did not show changed sensitivity to any amine tested. The resistance of the FgERG24B deletion mutant to amines was restored by genetic complementation of the mutant with wild-type FgERG24B. These results indicate that FgERG24B controls the intrinsic resistance of F. graminearum to amines. The finding of this study provides new insights into amine resistance in filamentous fungi.

Characterization of high-level deoxynivalenol producer Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum isolates caused head blight and crown rot diseases in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Yörük ◽  
Berna Tunali ◽  
Bayram Kansu ◽  
Fatih Ölmez ◽  
Gülşen Uz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Characterization of PX Domain-Containing Proteins Involved in Membrane Trafficking-Dependent Growth and Pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Lou ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Guanghui Wang ◽  
Wenqin Fang ◽  
Shumin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Px Domain ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dependent Growth

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused predominantly by Fusarium graminearum , is an economically devastating disease of a wide range of cereal crops. Our previous study identified F. graminearum Vps17, Vps5, Snx41, and Snx4 as PX domain-containing proteins that were involved in membrane trafficking mediating the fungal development and pathogenicity, but the identity and biological roles of the remaining members of this protein family remain unknown in this model phytopathogen.

scholarly journals Genome-wide functional characterization of putative peroxidases in the head blight fungus Fusarium graminearum

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonji Lee ◽  
Hokyoung Son ◽  
Ji Young Shin ◽  
Gyung Ja Choi ◽  
Yin-Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Fusarium graminearum Tri12p Influences Virulence to Wheat and Trichothecene Accumulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1408-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Menke ◽  
Yanhong Dong ◽  
H. Corby Kistler
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Major Facilitator Superfamily ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Major Facilitator ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Self Protection

The gene Tri12 encodes a predicted major facilitator superfamily protein suggested to play a role in export of trichothecene mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. It is unclear, however, how the Tri12 protein (Tri12p) may influence trichothecene sensitivity and virulence of the wheat pathogen Fusarium graminearum. In this study, we establish a role for Tri12 in toxin accumulation and sensitivity as well as in pathogenicity toward wheat. Tri12 deletion mutants (tri12) are reduced in virulence and result in decreased trichothecene accumulation when inoculated on wheat compared with the wild-type strain or an ectopic mutant. Reduced radial growth of tri12 mutants on trichothecene biosynthesis induction medium was observed relative to the wild type and the ectopic strains. Diminished trichothecene accumulation was observed in liquid medium cultures inoculated with tri12 mutants. Wild-type fungal cells grown under conditions that induce trichothecene biosynthesis develop distinct subapical swelling and form large vacuoles. A strain expressing Tri12p linked to green fluorescent protein shows localization of the protein consistent with the plasma membrane. Our results indicate Tri12 plays a role in self-protection and influences toxin production and virulence of the fungus in planta.

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