scholarly journals Enhanced Resistance to Fusarium graminearum in Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants Expressing a Modified Plant Thionin

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1056-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guixia Hao ◽  
Matthew G. Bakker ◽  
Hye-Seon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
And Control

The fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat, barley, and other grains. FHB results in yield reductions and contaminates grain with trichothecene mycotoxins, which threaten food safety and food security. Innovative mechanisms for controlling FHB are urgently needed. We have previously shown that transgenic tobacco and citrus plants expressing a modified thionin (Mthionin) exhibited enhanced resistance toward several bacterial pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate whether overexpression of Mthionin could be similarly efficacious against F. graminearum, and whether transgenic expression of Mthionin impacts the plant microbiome. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing Mthionin were generated and confirmed. When challenged with F. graminearum, Mthionin-expressing plants showed less disease and fungal biomass in both leaves and inflorescences compared with control plants. When infiltrated into leaves, macroconidia of F. graminearum germinated at lower rates and produced less hyphal growth in Arabidopsis leaves expressing Mthionin. Moreover, marker genes related to defense signaling pathways were expressed at significantly higher levels after F. graminearum infection in Mthionin transgenic Arabidopsis plants. However, Mthionin expression did not appreciably alter the overall microbiome associated with transgenic plants grown under controlled conditions; across leaves and roots of Mthionin-expressing and control transgenic plants, only a few bacterial and fungal taxa differed, and differences between Mthionin transformants were of similar magnitude compared with control plants. In sum, our data indicate that Mthionin is a promising candidate to produce transgenic crops for reducing FHB severity and ultimately mycotoxin contamination.

scholarly journals Transgenic expression of lactoferrin imparts enhanced resistance to head blight of wheat caused by Fusarium graminearum

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jigang Han ◽  
Dilip K Lakshman ◽  
Leny C Galvez ◽  
Sharmila Mitra ◽  
Peter S Baenziger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Enhanced Resistance

scholarly journals Facilitation of Fusarium graminearum Infection by 9-Lipoxygenases in Arabidopsis and Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1142-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vamsi J. Nalam ◽  
Syeda Alam ◽  
Jantana Keereetaweep ◽  
Barney Venables ◽  
Dehlia Burdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Factors ◽  
Ja Signaling ◽  
Important Disease

Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight, an important disease of wheat. F. graminearum can also cause disease in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis LOX1 and LOX5 genes, which encode 9-lipoxygenases (9-LOXs), are targeted during this interaction to facilitate infection. LOX1 and LOX5 expression were upregulated in F. graminearum–inoculated plants and loss of LOX1 or LOX5 function resulted in enhanced disease resistance in the corresponding mutant plants. The enhanced resistance to F. graminearum infection in the lox1 and lox5 mutants was accompanied by more robust induction of salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and signaling and attenuation of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling in response to infection. The lox1- and lox5-conferred resistance was diminished in plants expressing the SA-degrading salicylate hydroxylase or by the application of methyl-JA. Results presented here suggest that plant 9-LOXs are engaged during infection to control the balance between SA and JA signaling to facilitate infection. Furthermore, since silencing of TaLpx-1 encoding a 9-LOX with homology to LOX1 and LOX5, resulted in enhanced resistance against F. graminearum in wheat, we suggest that 9-LOXs have a conserved role as susceptibility factors in disease caused by this important fungus in Arabidopsis and wheat.

scholarly journals The Semidwarfing Alleles Rht-D1b and Rht-B1b Show Marked Differences in Their Associations with Anther-Retention in Wheat Heads and with Fusarium Head Blight Susceptibility

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (12) ◽  
pp. 1544-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Buerstmayr ◽  
Hermann Buerstmayr
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Haploid Population

The semidwarfing alleles reduced height (Rht)-D1b and Rht-B1b are widely deployed in wheat breeding. Both alleles have similar effects on plant height but differ in their effect on Fusarium head blight (FHB) severity. A double-haploid population and a backcross population, segregating for Rht-B1a/Rht-B1b and Rht-D1a/Rht-D1b, were evaluated for FHB severity, plant height, and anther retention in field trials in three consecutive years. The semidwarfing alleles reduced plant height and increased the proportion of retained anthers. Reduced plant height and a high proportion of retained anthers were associated with increased FHB severity. The Rht-D1b allele had a significantly greater impact on anther retention and FHB severity than the Rht-B1b allele. Fusarium graminearum establishes infection sites predominantly inside the floral cavity and retained anthers potentially support colonization and initial hyphal growth, leading to a higher disease level in genotypes with a higher proportion of retained anthers. This is the first report demonstrating that differences in disease severity associated with Rht-D1b and Rht-B1b can be partly explained by their different effect on the extent of anther retention.

scholarly journals Detoxification and Excretion of Trichothecenes in Transgenic Arabidopsisthaliana Expressing Fusarium graminearum Trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Guixia Hao ◽  
Susan McCormick ◽  
Helene Tiley ◽  
Thomas Usgaard
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
The Media ◽  
Self Protection

Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), produces trichothecenes including deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), and 3,7,15-trihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (NX-3). These toxins contaminate grains and cause profound health problems in humans and animals. To explore exploiting a fungal self-protection mechanism in plants, we examined the ability of F. graminearum trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (FgTri101) to detoxify several key trichothecenes produced by F. graminearum: DON, 15-ADON, NX-3, and NIV. FgTri101 was cloned from F. graminearum and expressed in Arabidopsis plants. We compared the phytotoxic effects of purified DON, NIV, and NX-3 on the root growth of transgenic Arabidopsis expressing FgTri101. Compared to wild type and GUS controls, FgTri101 transgenic Arabidopsis plants displayed significantly longer root length on media containing DON and NX-3. Furthermore, we confirmed that the FgTri101 transgenic plants acetylated DON to 3-ADON, 15-ADON to 3,15-diADON, and NX-3 to NX-2, but did not acetylate NIV. Approximately 90% of the converted toxins were excreted into the media. Our study indicates that transgenic Arabidopsis expressing FgTri101 can provide plant protection by detoxifying trichothecenes and excreting the acetylated toxins out of plant cells. Characterization of plant transporters involved in trichothecene efflux will provide novel targets to reduce FHB and mycotoxin contamination in economically important plant crops.

scholarly journals The application of zinc fertilizer reduces Fusarium infection and development in wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. 1088-1094
Author(s):  
Muhammed Alsamir ◽  
Esraa Al Samir ◽  
T A Kareem ◽  
Mohammed Abass ◽  
Richard Trethowan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Zinc Fertilizer

Fusarium pseudograminearum and Fusarium graminearum commonly cause crown rot (FCR) and head blight (FHB) in wheat, respectively. Disease infection and spread can be reduced by the deployment of resistant cultivars or through management practices that limit inoculum load. Plants deficient in micronutrients, including zinc, tend to be more susceptible to many diseases. On the other hands, and zinc deficiency in cereals is widespread in Australian soils. Zinc deficiency may have particular relevance to crown rot, the most important and damaging Fusarium disease of wheat and barley in Australia. Four wheat genotypes; Batavia, Sunco and two lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) were tested for response to FHB and FCR under differing levels of Zn,1 and 2 g/kg and its correlation with disease severity. Sunco and CIMMYT line 146 were previously rated resistant to crown rot and Zn efficient. Zn application 2 g/kg soil enhanced resistance to FCR of the disease susceptible and Zn in-efficient in Batavia and 48 as its recorded 0.75 and 0.5 respectively compared to Sunco and CIMMYT line 146 as it recorded 0.2 and 0.3 respectively, but did not increase resistance to FHB. However, Zn application did enhance the resistance of Zn efficient genotypes to FHB. Results suggest that higher levels of Zn fertilization could reduce the expression of Fusarium diseases in wheat.

scholarly journals Multiple metabolic pathways for metabolism of l-tryptophan in Fusarium graminearum

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 921-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Luo ◽  
Caro-Lyne DesRoches ◽  
Anne Johnston ◽  
Linda J. Harris ◽  
Hui-Yan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
And Control ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Fusarium graminearum is a plant pathogen that can cause the devastating cereal grain disease fusarium head blight in temperate regions of the world. Previous studies have shown that F. graminearum can synthetize indole-3-acetic acid (auxin) using l-tryptophan (L-TRP)-dependent pathways. In the present study, we have taken a broader approach to examine the metabolism of L-TRP in F. graminearum liquid culture. Our results showed that F. graminearum was able to transiently produce the indole tryptophol when supplied with L-TRP. Comparative gene expression profiling between L-TRP-treated and control cultures showed that L-TRP treatment induced the upregulation of a series of genes with predicted function in the metabolism of L-TRP via anthranilic acid and catechol towards the tricarboxylic acid cycle. It is proposed that this metabolic activity provides extra energy for 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol production, as observed in our experiments. This is the first report of the use of L-TRP to increase energy resources in a Fusarium species.

scholarly journals Effects of Choline, Betaine, and Wheat Floral Extracts on Growth of Fusarium graminearum

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica S. Engle ◽  
Patrick E. Lipps ◽  
Terry L. Graham ◽  
Michael J. Boehm
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight Resistance ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Endogenous Compounds

Fusarium head blight has been more severe when infection occurs during anthesis, indicating that floral organs may be important infection courts. Choline acetate and glycinebetaine have been extracted from wheat and reported to be growth stimulants of Fusarium graminearum. They are hypothesized to enhance infection and tissue colonization. Growth of F. graminearum was examined on media amended with extracts from floral parts of nine wheat genotypes with various Fusarium head blight resistance levels. Results indicated no significant effect of anther, palea, or lemma extracts on radial growth when compared with unamended controls. Effects on spore germination and hyphal growth of F. graminearum by choline, betaine, and an equimolar mixture at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1,000 μM also were examined. Spore germination was not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by choline, betaine, or a combination of the compounds compared with unamended controls. Radial hyphal growth also was not consistently affected (P ≤ 0.05) by choline or betaine when compared with controls. Equimolar mixtures of the two compounds showed significant slight reduction in growth rate at higher concentrations when compared with controls. The reduction in growth rate was due to higher concentrations of betaine. Results of this study indicate that endogenous compounds in floral parts may not be associated with wheat resistance to F. graminearum.

Temperature-responded biological fitness of carbendazim-resistance Fusarium graminearum mutants conferring the F167Y, E198K and E198L substitutions

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingfan Wang ◽  
Yi-ping Hou ◽  
XueWei Mao ◽  
fuyu Liu ◽  
Mingguo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Flower Stage ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Resistance Mutants

Understanding the effects of temperature on Fusarium graminearum infection can provide the theoretical guidance for chemical control of Fusarium head blight (FHB)．Here, we evaluated the effects of various temperatures on biological fitness development of wild-type sensitive strain 2021 and carbendazim-resistance mutants conferring β2-tubulin substitutions F167Y, E198K and E198L. The results showed that mycelial growth and conidiation of four strains increased with the increase of the temperature between 10°C and 25°C. Conidia of F167Y displayed strong adaptability to low temperature. The virulence of the four strains was largely similar at the same temperature, showing an upward trend between 10°C and 25°C. At 10°C, the hyphal growth of all strains was significantly inhibited, and metabolism slowed down and the accumulation of secondary metabolites decreased. Subsequently, the production of deoxynivalenol (DON) and its intermediate, pyruvate and aurofusarin decreased at low temperature, and the expression of DON biosynthesis-related genes Tri5, FgPK and AUR decreased accordingly. At the same temperature, the aurofusarin production of the strains F167Y and E198K was higher than that of strains 2021 and E198L. The contents of DON and pyruvic acid in carbendazim-resistance mutants were higher than that of the wild-type strain 2021. The sensitivity of four strains to different fungicides changed at various temperatures. The sensitivity to most fungicides increased with the temperature decreasing. The carbendazim-resistance mutants appeared positive cross-resistance with other benzimidazoles. But there was no cross-resistance to pyraclostrobin and azoles. These results would direct us to use fungicide preventing the infection of F. graminearum with changeable atmospheric temperature at wheat flower stage.

Enhanced zinc and cadmium tolerance and accumulation in transgenic Arabidopsis plants constitutively overexpressing a barley gene (HvAPX1) that encodes a peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Xu ◽  
Weiming Shi ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Akihiro Ueda ◽  
Tetsuko Takabe
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Cadmium Tolerance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Zinc Tolerance ◽  
Zinc Stress ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants

Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) plays an important role in oxidative stress metabolism in higher plants. To determine the role of APX in protection against excessive-zinc-induced oxidative stress, transgenic Arabidopsis plants constitutively overexpressing a peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase gene (HvAPX1) from barley were analyzed. In this study, we found that transgenic plants were more tolerant to zinc stress than wild-type plants. Under zinc stress, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde accumulation were higher in wild-type plants than in transgenic plants. Therefore, the mechanism of zinc tolerance in transgenic plants may be due to reduced oxidative stress damage. Under zinc stress, the activities of APX were significantly higher in transgenic plants than in wild-type plants. We also found that the zinc accumulation in the shoots were much higher in transgenic plants than in wild-type plants under zinc stress. In addition, we found that compared with wild-type plants, transgenic plants were more tolerant to excessive cadmium stress and accumulated more cadmium in shoots. These results suggest that HvAPX1 plays an important role in zinc and cadmium tolerance, and might be a candidate gene for developing high-biomass tolerant plants for phytoremediation of zinc- and cadmium-polluted environments.

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