Twenty-Five Years of Domoic Acid Monitoring in Galicia (NW Spain): Spatial, Temporal and Interspecific Variations

Prevalence, impact on shellfish resources and interspecific, spatial, and temporal variabilities of domoic acid (DA) in bivalves from Galicia (NW Spain) have been studied based on more than 25 years of monitoring data. The maximum prevalence (samples in which DA was detected) (100%) and incidence (samples with DA levels above the regulatory limit) (97.4%) were recorded in Pecten maximus, and the minimum ones in Mytilus galloprovincialis (12.6 and 1.1%, respectively). The maximum DA concentrations were 663.9 mg kg−1 in P. maximus and 316 mg kg−1 in Venerupis corrugata. After excluding scallop P. maximus data, DA was found (prevalence) in 13.3% of bivalve samples, with 1.3% being over the regulatory limit. In general, the prevalence of this toxin decreased towards the North but not the magnitude of its episodes. The seasonal distribution was characterized by two maxima, in spring and autumn, with the later decreasing in intensity towards the north. DA levels decreased slightly over the studied period, although this decreasing trend was not linear. A cyclic pattern was observed in the interannual variability, with cycles of 4 and 11 years. Intoxication and detoxification rates were slower than those expected from laboratory experiments, suggesting the supply of DA during these phases plays an important role.

Download Full-text

Two decades of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms and king scallop (Pecten maximus) contamination by domoic acid along the French Atlantic and English Channel coasts: Seasonal dynamics, spatial heterogeneity and interannual variability

Harmful Algae ◽

10.1016/j.hal.2015.10.017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 26-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Bérengère Husson ◽

Tania Hernández-Fariñas ◽

Romain Le Gendre ◽

Mathilde Schapira ◽

Annie Chapelle

Keyword(s):

Spatial Heterogeneity ◽

Interannual Variability ◽

Seasonal Dynamics ◽

Domoic Acid ◽

Pecten Maximus ◽

English Channel

Download Full-text

Occurence and Variability of Domoic Acid in Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Samples from the Golden Horn Estuary, Sea of Marmara (Turkey)

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s00128-020-03082-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fuat Dursun

Keyword(s):

Domoic Acid ◽

Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽

Sea Of Marmara ◽

Golden Horn ◽

Golden Horn Estuary

Download Full-text

Transcriptional Response in the Digestive Gland of the King Scallop (Pecten maximus) after the Injection of Domoic Acid

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13050339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 339

Author(s):

Pablo Ventoso ◽

Antonio J. Pazos ◽

Juan Blanco ◽

M. Luz Pérez-Parallé ◽

Juan C. Triviño ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Gene Ontology ◽

Immune System ◽

Digestive Gland ◽

Domoic Acid ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Pecten Maximus ◽

System Process ◽

Immune System Process ◽

Response To Stress

Some diatom species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce the toxin domoic acid. The depuration rate of domoic acid in Pecten maximus is very low; for this reason, king scallops generally contain high levels of domoic acid in their tissues. A transcriptomic approach was used to identify the genes differentially expressed in the P. maximus digestive gland after the injection of domoic acid. The differential expression analysis found 535 differentially expressed genes (226 up-regulated and 309 down-regulated). Protein–protein interaction networks obtained with the up-regulated genes were enriched in gene ontology terms, such as vesicle-mediated transport, response to stress, signal transduction, immune system process, RNA metabolic process, and autophagy, while networks obtained with the down-regulated genes were enriched in gene ontology terms, such as response to stress, immune system process, ribosome biogenesis, signal transduction, and mRNA processing. Genes that code for cytochrome P450 enzymes, glutathione S-transferase theta-1, glutamine synthase, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2, and sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 were among the up-regulated genes. Therefore, a stress response at the level of gene expression, that could be caused by the domoic acid injection, was evidenced by the alteration of several biological, cellular, and molecular processes.

Download Full-text

The Combined Effects of SST and the North Atlantic Subtropical High-Pressure System on the Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Interannual Variability

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12030329 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 329

Author(s):

Albenis Pérez-Alarcón ◽

José C. Fernández-Alvarez ◽

Rogert Sorí ◽

Raquel Nieto ◽

Luis Gimeno

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Interannual Variability ◽

Central America ◽

North Atlantic ◽

The West ◽

The Bahamas ◽

Pressure System ◽

North Atlantic Subtropical High ◽

The North ◽

The North Atlantic

The combined effect of the sea surface temperature (SST) and the North Atlantic subtropical high-pressure system (NASH) in the interannual variability of the genesis of tropical cyclones (TCs) and landfalling in the period 1980–2019 is explored in this study. The SST was extracted from the Centennial Time Scale dataset from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and TC records were obtained from the Atlantic Hurricane Database of the NOAA/National Hurricane Center. The genesis and landfalling regions were objectively clustered for this analysis. Seven regions of TC genesis and five for landfalling were identified. Intercluster differences were observed in the monthly frequency distribution and annual variability, both for genesis and landfalling. From the generalized least square multiple regression model, SST and NASH (intensity and position) covariates can explain 22.7% of the variance of the frequency of TC genesis, but it is only statistically significant (p < 0.1) for the NASH center latitude. The SST mostly modulates the frequency of TCs formed near the West African coast, and the NASH latitudinal variation affects those originated in the Lesser Antilles arc. For landfalling, both covariates explain 38.7% of the variance; however, significant differences are observed in the comparison between each region. With a statistical significance higher than 90%, SST and NASH explain 33.4% of the landfalling variability in the archipelago of the Bahamas and central–eastern region of Cuba. Besides, landfalls in the Gulf of Mexico and Central America seem to be modulated by SST. It was also found there was no statistically significant relationship between the frequency of genesis and landfalling with the NASH intensity. However, the NASH structure modulates the probability density of the TCs trajectory that make landfall once or several times in their lifetime. Thus, the NASH variability throughout a hurricane season affects the TCs trajectory in the North Atlantic basin. Moreover, we found that the landfalling frequency of TCs formed near the West Africa coast and the central North Atlantic is relatively low. Furthermore, the SST and NASH longitude center explains 31.6% (p < 0.05) of the variance of the landfalling intensity in the archipelago of the Bahamas, while the SST explains 26.4% (p < 0.05) in Central America. Furthermore, the 5-year moving average filter revealed decadal and multidecadal variability in both genesis and landfalling by region. Our findings confirm the complexity of the atmospheric processes involved in the TC genesis and landfalling.

Download Full-text

Characterization of the Domoic Acid Uptake Mechanism of the Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Digestive Gland

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13070458 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 458

Author(s):

Juan Blanco ◽

Carmen Mariño ◽

Helena Martín ◽

Gonzalo Álvarez ◽

Araceli E. Rossignoli

Keyword(s):

Digestive Gland ◽

Domoic Acid ◽

Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽

Metabolic Inhibitor ◽

Acid Uptake ◽

Free Medium ◽

Shellfish Poisoning ◽

Uptake Mechanism ◽

Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning

Cultures of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis are frequently affected by accumulation of the amnesic shellfish poisoning toxin domoic acid (DA). This species is characterized by a fast uptake and release of the toxin. In this work, the main characteristics of the uptake mechanism have been studied by incubation of digestive gland thin slices in media with different composition and DA concentration. DA uptake seems to follow Michaelis–Menten kinetics, with a very high estimated KM (1722 µg DA mL−1) and a Vmax of 71.9 µg DA g−1 h−1, which is similar to those found for other amino acids in invertebrates. Replacement of NaCl from the incubation media by Cl-choline (Na+-free medium) did not significantly reduce the uptake, but replacement by sorbitol (Na+-free and Cl−-depleted medium) did. A new experiment replacing all chlorides with their equivalent gluconates (Na+- and Cl−-free medium) showed an important reduction in the uptake that should be attributed to the absence of chloride, pointing to a Na+-independent, Cl− (or anion-) dependent transporter. In media with Na+ and Cl−, neither decreasing the pH nor adding cyanide (a metabolic inhibitor) had significant effect on DA uptake, suggesting that the transport mechanism is not H+- or ATP-dependent. In a chloride depleted medium, lowering pH or adding CN increased the uptake, suggesting that other anions could, at least partially, substitute chloride.

Download Full-text