Factors Influencing HIV Drug Resistance among Pregnant Women in Luanda, Angola: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study

The increase in HIV infection and drug-resistant strains is an important public health concern, especially in resource-limited settings. However, the identification of factors related to the propagation of infectious diseases represents a crucial target offering an opportunity to reduce health care costs as well as deepening the focus on preventing infection in high-risk groups. In this study, we investigate the factors related to drug resistance among HIV-infected pregnant women in Luanda, the capital city of Angola. This was a part of a cross-sectional study conducted with 42 HIV-positive pregnant women. A blood sample was collected, and HIV-1 genotyping was carried out using an in-house method. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the interaction between sociodemographic characteristics and drug resistance. HIV drug resistance was detected in 44.1% of the studied population. High probabilities of drug resistance were observed for HIV-infected pregnant women living in rural areas (AOR: 2.73; 95% CI: 0.50–14.9) with high educational level (AOR: 6.27; 95% CI: 0.77–51.2) and comorbidities (AOR: 5.47; 95% CI: 0.28–106) and infected with a HIV-1 non-B subtype other than subtype C (AOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.25–10.3). The present study reports high HIV drug resistance. Furthermore, older-age, rural areas, high educational levels, unemployed status, having comorbidities, and HIV-1 subtypes were factors related to drug resistance. These factors impact on drug susceptibility and need to be urgently addressed in order to promote health education campaigns able to prevent the spread of drug-resistant HIV strains in Angola.

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Validation Study of the Drug Resistance in Pneumonia (DRIP) Score in Predicting the Risk of Drug-Resistant Pathogens Among Patients with Pneumonia: A Single Center Cross-Sectional Study

10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a2130 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

M.J. Villalobos ◽

R. Zotomayor ◽

A. Gerodias ◽

A. Reyes

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Validation Study ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Single Center ◽

Cross Sectional

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HIV-1 viraemia and drug resistance amongst female sex workers in Soweto, South Africa: A cross sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0188606 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. e0188606 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jenny Coetzee ◽

Gillian Hunt ◽

Maya Jaffer ◽

Kennedy Otwombe ◽

Lesley Scott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Female Sex Workers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Sex ◽

Hiv 1

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HIV-1 virologic failure and acquired drug resistance among first-line antiretroviral experienced adults at a rural HIV clinic in coastal Kenya: a cross-sectional study

AIDS Research and Therapy ◽

10.1186/1742-6405-11-9 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Amin S Hassan ◽

Helen M Nabwera ◽

Shalton M Mwaringa ◽

Clare A Obonyo ◽

Eduard J Sanders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Virologic Failure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

First Line ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Acquired Drug Resistance ◽

Coastal Kenya ◽

Hiv 1

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HIV-1 infection and pregnancy in young women in Brazil: socioeconomic and drug resistance profiles in a cross-sectional study: Table 1

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010837 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. e010837 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yanna Andressa Ramos Lima ◽

Mônica Nogueira Guarda Reis ◽

Ludimila Paula Vaz Cardoso ◽

Mariane Martins Araújo Stefani

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Young Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hiv 1

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Urinary Tract infection, Drug Resistance Profile and Fetal Outcomes among Pregnant women in Selected Health Facilites of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study design

10.21203/rs.3.rs-115539/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wegayehu zebene ◽

Dawit Dessalegn ◽

Abebe Aseffa ◽

Yohannis Yitagesu ◽

Hamdiya yussuf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Fetal Outcomes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Drug Resistance Profile ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a commonly encountered health problem among pregnant women. Untreated UTI may result in fetal complications like preterm birth, low birth weight, intra uterine growth retardation and intrauterine fetal death.One of the major problems with bacterial pathogens is their ability to develop drug resistance. Determining drug susceptibility pattern of bacteria from urinary tract helps to identify effective drugs and minimize further adverse perinatal outcomes. The purpose of this study was to describe the magnitude and drug resistance profile of pregnant women and related fetal outcomes.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2019. Socio-demographic data of the study participants was collected by administering structured questionnaire after obtaining full consent of the participants. Clean catch mid-stream urine was collected from the study participants and the samples were transported to the laboratory with screw-capped container. Blood and MacConkey agar were used to cultivate bacteria from urine sample. Bacterial colonies were isolated and identified using standard biochemical properties. Antibacterial susceptibility test was done on Muller-Hinton agar using antibiotic discs. At the time of delivery, infant’s birth weight and gestational age was recorded on the log book as part of the daily work. Fetal outcome data were recorded from the log book and entered to EPI data management software then transferred to SPSS for analysis.Results: Out of 424 urine samples processed, 63 (14.9%) yielded significant bacteriuria. Fifty-nine out of 63 (93.7%) cases of UTIs were recorded among age group of 15-34 years. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus were the three dominant bacterial isolates.Most of the gram negative bacterial isolates were resistant to ampicillin and ceftazidime (43.2% each) while gram positive was resistant for tetracycline (36.8%). The result of this study showed that UTI had statistical association with the occurrence of Intrauterine Fetal Death (IUFD) and Prerupture of Membrane (PROM) (P<.05).Conclusion: Adverse fetal outcomes are significantly linked with the presence of UTI during pregnancy. The condition can be managed if early diagnosis and treatments are made for the mother.

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