scholarly journals Presence of Antibodies against Bluetongue Virus (BTV) in Sheep 5 to 7.5 Years after Vaccination with Inactivated BTV-8 Vaccines

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Hilke ◽  
Heinz Strobel ◽  
Soeren Woelke ◽  
Melanie Stoeter ◽  
Katja Voigt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Competition Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Female Sheep ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Elisa Result

Thirty-six female sheep, previously vaccinated against Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) using inactivated vaccines, were included in this field study. In Germany, vaccination was compulsory in 2008 and 2009, voluntary in 2010 and early 2011, and later, was prohibited in 2011. Due to their age, eighteen sheep had been vaccinated for two or more consecutive years, while a further eighteen animals had only been vaccinated once or not at all. The sheep were blood sampled five (n = 31) to 7.5 years (n = 5) after their last vaccination. All serum samples (n = 36) were tested for BTV group-specific antibodies by an ELISA (IDScreen® Bluetongue Competition assay, ID Vet). In five of the animals, the BTV-8 serotype-specific antibody titers were measured by serum neutralization (SN). The majority of sheep that were vaccinated annually for two or more years showed a positive ELISA (14/18 sheep) and a SN (two of two sheep) result 5 years after their last vaccination. Most of the sheep vaccinated fewer than twice showed a negative ELISA result 5 to 7.5 years after their last vaccination (13/18 animals). The three animals in this group tested by SN showed one negative and two positive results. This short communication is the first to describe the presence of BTV antibodies in sheep 5 to 7.5 years after vaccination with inactivated BTV-8 vaccines.

scholarly journals Reliable and Standardized Animal Models to Study the Pathogenesis of Bluetongue and Schmallenberg Viruses in Ruminant Natural Host Species with Special Emphasis on Placental Crossing

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Ludovic Martinelle ◽  
Fabiana Dal Pozzo ◽  
Etienne Thiry ◽  
Kris De Clercq ◽  
Claude Saegerman
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Natural Host Species ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
The World ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Inoculum Preparation

Starting in 2006, bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV8) was responsible for a major epizootic in Western and Northern Europe. The magnitude and spread of the disease were surprisingly high and the control of BTV improved significantly with the marketing of BTV8 inactivated vaccines in 2008. During late summer of 2011, a first cluster of reduced milk yield, fever, and diarrhoea was reported in the Netherlands. Congenital malformations appeared in March 2012 and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) was identified, becoming one of the very few orthobunyaviruses distributed in Europe. At the start of both epizootics, little was known about the pathogenesis and epidemiology of these viruses in the European context and most assumptions were extrapolated based on other related viruses and/or other regions of the World. Standardized and repeatable models potentially mimicking clinical signs observed in the field are required to study the pathogenesis of these infections, and to clarify their ability to cross the placental barrier. This review presents some of the latest experimental designs for infectious disease challenges with BTV or SBV. Infectious doses, routes of infection, inoculum preparation, and origin are discussed. Particular emphasis is given to the placental crossing associated with these two viruses.

Evaluation of humoral response and protective efficacy of three inactivated vaccines against bluetongue virus serotype 8 one year after vaccination of sheep and cattle

Vaccine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (27) ◽  
pp. 4348-4355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regula Wäckerlin ◽  
Michael Eschbaumer ◽  
Patricia König ◽  
Bernd Hoffmann ◽  
Martin Beer
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals An outbreak of bluetongue virus serotype 9 in Southern Croatia

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Listeš ◽  
Sanja Bosnić ◽  
Miroslav Benić ◽  
Josip Madić ◽  
Željko Cvetnić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Serum Neutralization Test ◽  
First Time ◽  
Obsoletus Complex

The aim of this study was to provide a description of the first epidemic of bluetongue and the first survey on midges of the genus Culicoides in Croatia. Clinical signs were firstly observed on November 2001 in sheep in Konavle, Dubrovnik – Neretva County. During this epizootic the overall sheep morbidity and mortality were 5.2% (95% confidence interval (c.i.), 4.1-6.6%) and 2.29% (95% c.i., 1.6-3.3%), respectively. After the outbreak, 3,318 serum samples of ruminants from 53 villages of the Dubrovnik – Neretva County were examined for bluetongue virus (BTV) antibodies by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). In forty nine (92.45%, 95% c.i., 82.11-96.92%) of the 53 villages, animals with antibodies against bluetongue virus were found. In particular, a total of 178 cattle (49.86%, 95% c.i., 44.7-55.0%), 174 sheep (13.72%, 95% c.i., 11.9-15.7%) and 270 goats (15.95%, 95% c.i., 14.3-17.8%) were seropositive. Antibodies to bluetongue virus serotype 9 were detected in 212 positive sera by serum neutralization test. The percentage of positive animals decreased (P > 0.05) from the east to the west suggesting a possible east westward spreading of BTV infection. Fourteen light-trap midge collections from seven different sites were examined. Of the 4872 Culicoides spp. collected, 4,492 (92%, 95% c.i., 91.4-92.9%) of them belonged to the species of Obsoletus complex. This study showed for the first time that a pathogenic strain of BTV-9, probably from Montenegro, entered Croatia causing disease and death in local sheep and that C. obsoletus and C. scoticus were likely the major vectors of infection.

Efficacy of three inactivated vaccines against bluetongue virus serotype 8 in sheep

Vaccine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (31) ◽  
pp. 4169-4175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Eschbaumer ◽  
Bernd Hoffmann ◽  
Patricia König ◽  
Jens P. Teifke ◽  
Jörn M. Gethmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

scholarly journals Diagnostic reliability of different RT-PCR protocols for the detection of bluetongue virus serotype 14 (BTV-14)

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Orłowska ◽  
Jan F. Żmudziński ◽  
Marcin Smreczak ◽  
Paweł Trębas ◽  
Anna Marzec
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Diagnostic Reliability ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractIntroduction:The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is one of the most extensively used methods for identification of animals infected with bluetongue virus (BTV). There are several RT-PCR protocols published and several real-time RT-PCR (rtRT-PCR) commercial kits available on the market. Because Poland faced BTV-14 infection in 2012, different protocols were implemented in the country to confirm the RT-PCR results positive for this virus. The article presents a comparative study of several RT-PCR protocols and discusses their diagnostic reliability and applicability.Material and Methods:Six rtRT-PCR/RT-PCR protocols were compared for the laboratory diagnostic of fourteen BTV-14 isolates circulating in Poland in 2012–2014.Results:All 14 isolates were positive in the protocols of Shawet al.(18), a commercial LSI NS3 kit, and Eschbaumeret al.(5). Four out of fourteen BTV-14 isolates gave positive results in Hoffmann’s 2 and 6 protocols and none of the 14 isolates yielded positive results in Maanet al.(8) method. Phylogenetic study of a short fragment of 450 nt of BTV segment 2 (258–696 positions) revealed 100% identity within Polish variants and with Russian and Spanish isolates.Conclusion:The paper points to the possible false negative results in the diagnosis of BTV infections depending on the protocol used.

scholarly journals Viral, Serological, and Antioxidant Investigations of Equine Rhinitis A Virus in Serum and Nasal Swabs of Commercially Used Horses in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bażanów ◽  
Agnieszka Frącka ◽  
Natalia Jackulak ◽  
Ewa Romuk ◽  
Tomasz Gębarowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Group 1

Background. Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) is considered to be an important pathogen in horses, but relatively few studies are available.Aims. The purpose of this study was to verify ERAV seroprevalence in selected horses in Poland, in addition to correlation between ERAV and age and sex of analysed animals and the antioxidant status.Methods. The material collected from clinically healthy horses was tested using the VNT (353 serum samples) and virus isolation method (44 nasal swabs). 27 serum samples with antibody titers between 0 and ≥1 : 2048 were chosen for further analysis. The study was conducted in group 1 (ERAV titer ≤ 64) and group 2 (ERAV titer > 64).Results. Seroneutralisation tests showed positive results in 72% of serum samples. No significant correlation between ERAV seropositive results and selected biochemical indicators was observed. Group 2 had statistically higher concentrations of SOD and CuZnSOD than the analysed group 1.Conclusions. ERAV was not detected in the nasal swab samples. Antioxidant parameters did not significantly vary between horses of different breed, sex, or age. The ERAV virus had an impact on plasma total SOD and Cu/Zn SOD activity in horses in early stages of convalescence.

Development of a sensitive immunochromatographic kit using fluorescent silica nanoparticles for rapid serodiagnosis of amebiasis

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 1890-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Tachibana ◽  
Azumi Kakino ◽  
Makoto Kazama ◽  
Meng Feng ◽  
Satomi Asai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fluorescent Intensity ◽  
Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescent ◽  
Antibody Tests ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractWe have previously shown that the C-terminal region of the intermediate subunit ofEntamoeba histolyticagalactose- andN-acetyl-D-galactosamine-inhibitable lectin (C-Igl) is a useful antigen for serodiagnosis of amebiasis. An immunochromatographic kit was developed using fluorescent silica nanoparticles coated with C-Igl prepared inEscherichia coli. Samples for examination were added to the freeze-dried particles and then applied to the immunochromatographic device, in which a test line on the membrane was also coated with C-Igl. Fluorescent intensity was measured using a hand-held reader. In an evaluation of the kit using a human monoclonal antibody, the minimum amount of C-Igl specific antibody showing positive results was 100 pg. In the evaluation of serum samples with different antibody titers in indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests in the kit, 20µL of serum was sufficient to obtain positive results at 30 min. Serum samples from symptomatic patients with amebic colitis and amebic liver abscess and those from asymptomaticE. histolytica-cyst carriers showed positive results in the kit. Based on evaluation using sera from healthy controls and patients with other infectious diseases, the sensitivity and specificity of the kit were 100 and 97.6%, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that the newly developed kit is useful for rapid serodiagnosis of amebiasis.

scholarly journals Serum Neutralizing Activity against B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1347
Author(s):  
Claudia Maria Trombetta ◽  
Serena Marchi ◽  
Simonetta Viviani ◽  
Alessandro Manenti ◽  
Linda Benincasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Original Strain ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Pandemic Wave

The recent spreading of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, carrying several mutations in the spike protein, could impact immune protection elicited by natural infection or conferred by vaccination. In this study, we evaluated the neutralizing activity against the viral variants that emerged in the United Kingdom (B.1.1.7), Brazil (P.1), and South Africa (B.1.351) in human serum samples from hospitalized patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the first pandemic wave in Italy in 2020. Of the patients studied, 59.5% showed a decrease (≥2 fold) in neutralizing antibody titer against B.1.1.7, 83.3% against P.1, and 90.5% against B.1.351 with respect to the original strain. The reduction in antibody titers against all analyzed variants, and in particular P.1 and B.1.351, suggests that previous symptomatic infection might be not fully protective against exposure to SARS-CoV-2 variants carrying a set of relevant spike mutations.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of ImmunoCAP® ISAC 112: a multi-site study

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne van Hage ◽  
Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier ◽  
Chrysanthi Skevaki ◽  
Mario Plebani ◽  
Walter Canonica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Calibration Sample ◽  
Clustering And Classification ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Background: After the re-introduction of ImmunoCAP Methods: The study was carried out at 22 European and one South African site. Microarrays from different batches, eight specific IgE (sIgE) positive, three sIgE negative serum samples and a calibration sample were sent to participating laboratories where assays were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results: For both the negative and positive samples results were consistent between sites, with a very low frequency of false positive results (0.014%). A similar pattern of results for each of the samples was observed across the 23 sites. Homogeneity analysis of all measurements for each sample were well clustered, indicating good reproducibility; unsupervised hierarchical clustering and classification via random forests, showed clustering of identical samples independent of the assay site. Analysis of raw continuous data confirmed the good accuracy across the study sites; averaged standardized, site-specific ISU-E values fell close to the center of the distribution of measurements from all sites. After outlier filtering, variability across the whole study was estimated at 25.5%, with values of 22%, 27.1% and 22.4% for the ‘Low’, ‘Moderate to High’ and ‘Very High’ concentration categories, respectively. Conclusions: The study shows a robust performance of the ImmunoCAP

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