scholarly journals Novel and Diverse Non-Rabies Rhabdoviruses Identified in Bats with Human Exposure, South Dakota, USA

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1408
Author(s):  
Ben M. Hause ◽  
Eric Nelson ◽  
Jane Christopher-Hennings

Bats are a host and reservoir for a large number of viruses, many of which are zoonotic. In North America, the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) is widely distributed and common. Big brown bats are a known reservoir for rabies virus, which, combined with their propensity to roost in human structures, necessitates testing for rabies virus following human exposure. The current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, likely of bat origin, illustrates the need for continued surveillance of wildlife and bats for potentially emerging zoonotic viruses. Viral metagenomic sequencing was performed on 39 big brown bats and one hoary bat submitted for rabies testing due to human exposure in South Dakota. A new genotype of American bat vesiculovirus was identified in seven of 17 (41%) heart and lung homogenates at high levels in addition to two of 23 viscera pools. A second rhabdovirus, Sodak rhabdovirus 1 (SDRV1), was identified in four of 23 (17%) viscera pools. Phylogenetic analysis placed SDRV1 in the genus Alphanemrhavirus, which includes two recognized species that were identified in nematodes. Finally, a highly divergent rhabdovirus, Sodak rhabdovirus 2 (SDRV2), was identified in two of 23 (8.7%) big brown bats. Phylogenetic analysis placed SDRV2 as ancestral to the dimarhabdovirus supergroup and Lyssavirus. Intracranial inoculation of mouse pups with rhabdovirus-positive tissue homogenates failed to elicit clinical disease. Further research is needed to determine the zoonotic potential of these non-rabies rhabdoviruses.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinzhu Jin ◽  
Aifang Du ◽  
Chaoqun Yao

Abstract Background Several Tritrichomonas species have been found in mammalian hosts. Among these trichomonads T. foetus is often found in the urogenital tract of cattle and the gastrointestinal tract of the domestic cat, resulting in sexually transmitted bovine trichomonosis and fecal-orally transmitted feline trichomonosis, respectively. The aims of the current study were to molecularly characterize clinical isolates of T. foetus in cattle populations in Wyoming, South Dakota, and Montana of the United States of America and to phylogenetically analyze Tritrichomonas species of mammalian hosts. Results DNA sequencing of rRNA genes showed over 99% identity of the newly described isolates to other bovine isolates. Further, T. foetus isolates of various mammalian hosts originated in different geographic regions worldwide were clustered into two well-defined clades by phylogenetic analysis of rRNA and cysteine protease 2 genes. Clade I consisted of isolates originated from cattle, pig, and human whereas clade II contained isolates of cat and dog. Conclusion It is concluded that all mammalian Tritrichomonas spp. apparently belong to T. foetus. Analysis of more sequences is warranted to support this conclusion.


2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
Ya. M. Krasnov ◽  
Zh. V. Alkhova ◽  
S. V. Generalov ◽  
I. V. Tuchkov ◽  
E. A. Naryshkina ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
G. Singh ◽  
R. Jaiswal ◽  
M. Chhabra ◽  
N.K. Gupta ◽  
M. Singhai ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
O. N. Zaykova ◽  
T. V. Grebennikova ◽  
A. M. Gulyukin ◽  
A. A. Shabeykin ◽  
I. V. Polyakova ◽  
...  

The article presents a molecular genetic study of genomes of field isolates of rabies virus isolated in the Vladimir, Moscow, Tver, Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan regions, with the aim of carrying out phylogenetic analysis. We studied 20 samples of purified PCR products containing the rabies virus nucleoprotein. The samples were provided by the Vladimir veterinary service. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the gene showed that 12 fragments of isolates under study were close to the Central phylogenetic group of the rabies virus; namely - 5 isolates from the Vladimir region, 2 from the Nizhny Novgorod region, 2 from the Moscow region, and 3 from the Tver region. Eight studied isolates from the Nizhny Novgorod and Ryazan regions were attributed to the Eurasian phylogenetic group.


2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 104179
Author(s):  
Angélica Cristine de Almeida Campos ◽  
Camila Malta Romano ◽  
Fernando Lucas Melo ◽  
Danielle Bastos Araújo ◽  
Elenice Maria Sequetin Cunha ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
pp. 2157-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. YUNG ◽  
M. FAVI ◽  
J. FERNANDEZ

SUMMARYIn Chile, dog rabies has been controlled and insectivorous bats have been identified as the main rabies reservoir. This study aimed to determine the rabies virus (RABV) variants circulating in the country between 2002 and 2008. A total of 612 RABV isolates were tested using a panel with eight monoclonal antibodies against the viral nucleoprotein (N-mAbs) for antigenic typing, and a product of 320-bp of the nucleoprotein gene was sequenced from 99 isolates. Typing of the isolates revealed six different antigenic variants but phylogenetic analysis identified four clusters associated with four different bat species. Tadarida brasiliensis bats were confirmed as the main reservoir. This methodology identified several independent rabies enzootics maintained by different species of insectivorous bats in Chile.


1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mark Brigham

I used radiotelemetry to study the roosting and foraging behaviour of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in south central British Columbia. Maternity colonies were found in hollows of dead ponderosa pine trees (Pinus ponderosa) and colony members were not loyal to specific trees. Individuals consistently foraged above a 300-m stretch of the Okanagan River, travelling 1.8 km on average from day roosts to the foraging area. There were significant differences in the duration of foraging bouts among different sex and age-classes. The results are compared with data collected in a similar manner for a population in Ontario, where, in contrast to British Columbia, E. fuscus were highly loyal to man-made roost structures and on average travelled less than 1 km to foraging sites that varied nightly. I suggest that the marked difference in both roosting and foraging behaviour is due to differences in the availability and structure of roosts and in the distribution of insect prey.


Virus Genes ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Carnieli ◽  
Rafael de Novaes Oliveira ◽  
Willian de Oliveira Fahl ◽  
Helena Beatriz de Carvalho Ruthner Batista ◽  
Karin Corrêa Scheffer ◽  
...  

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