Typing of the rabies virus in Chile, 2002–2008

SUMMARYIn Chile, dog rabies has been controlled and insectivorous bats have been identified as the main rabies reservoir. This study aimed to determine the rabies virus (RABV) variants circulating in the country between 2002 and 2008. A total of 612 RABV isolates were tested using a panel with eight monoclonal antibodies against the viral nucleoprotein (N-mAbs) for antigenic typing, and a product of 320-bp of the nucleoprotein gene was sequenced from 99 isolates. Typing of the isolates revealed six different antigenic variants but phylogenetic analysis identified four clusters associated with four different bat species. Tadarida brasiliensis bats were confirmed as the main reservoir. This methodology identified several independent rabies enzootics maintained by different species of insectivorous bats in Chile.

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Sequencing and sequence analysis of partial nucleoprotein (N) gene and phylogenetic analysis of rabies virus field isolates from Gujarat state, India

VirusDisease ◽

10.1007/s13337-017-0387-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 320-327

Author(s):

Dhaval H. Vagheshwari ◽

Bharat B. Bhanderi ◽

Rafyuddin A. Mathakiya ◽

Mayurdhvaj K. Jhala

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Sequence Analysis ◽

Rabies Virus ◽

N Gene ◽

Gujarat State ◽

Field Isolates ◽

Nucleoprotein N

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Phylogenetic Analysis of the Rabies Virus N-coding Region in Lithuanian Rabies Isolates

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb200978020273 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 273-280

Author(s):

Dainius Zienius ◽

Kristina Sajute ◽

Henrikas Žilinskas ◽

Arunas Stankevicius

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Rabies Virus ◽

Virus Isolate ◽

N Gene ◽

Bootstrap Support ◽

Gene Sequences ◽

Red Foxes ◽

North East ◽

The North ◽

Nucleoprotein N

Rabies infection among wild and domestic animals constitutes a well-known problem in Lithuania, but only one dog rabies virus isolate sequence (1992) from Lithuania was used in the European rabies virus phylogenetic analysis. The objective of this work was to determine nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences and genetically characterize the rabies virus isolates in order to learn which virus group (biotype) is circulating in reservoir species in Lithuania. Classical rabies virus isolate nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences from different parts of Lithuania were found to be closely related to each other and demonstrated nucleotide identity from 97.7 to 100% and could be placed in one lineage with 100% bootstrap support. All 12 sequences of raccoon dogs, red foxes, dogs and marten rabies viruses exhibited 97.7 - 99.0% identity to previously published sequences from Eastern parts of Poland, Estonia, Finland, and the North-Eastern part of Russia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Lithuanian strains belong to the North East Europe (NEE) group of rabies virus.

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Monoclonal antibodies for characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-hematophagous bats in Brazil

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.6959 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1238-1249 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luciana Botelho Chaves ◽

Samira Maria Achkar ◽

Andréa de Cássia Rodrigues da Silva ◽

Graciane Maria Medeiros Caporale ◽

Paula Sônia Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Disease Control ◽

Rabies Virus ◽

Insectivorous Bats ◽

Antigenic Characterization ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Popliteal Lymph Nodes ◽

Antigenic Profile

Introduction: In Brazil, various isolates of rabies virus (RABV) show antigenic profiles distinct from those established by the reduced panel of eight monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) determined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), utilized for the antigenic characterization of RABV in the Americas. The objective of this study was to produce MAbs from RABV isolates from insectivorous bats with an antigenic profile incompatible with the pre-established one. Methodology: An isolate of RABV from the species Eptesicus furinalis that showed an antigenic profile incompatible with the panel utilized was selected. Hybridomas were produced utilizing the popliteal lymph nodes of mice immunized with ribonucleoproteins purified from the isolate. Results: Two MAbs-producing clones were obtained, BR/IP1-3A7 and BR/IP2-4E10. Fifty-seven isolates of RABV from different species of animals and different regions of Brazil were analyzed utilizing the MAbs obtained. In the analysis of 23 RABV isolates from non-hematophagous bats, the MAbs cross-reacted with ten isolates, of which four were of the species Nyctinomops laticaudatus, one of the species Eptesicus furinalis, and five of the genus Artibeus. Of the nine isolates of non-hematophagous isolates that displayed an incompatible profile analyzed, characteristic of insectivorous bats, BR/IP1-3A7 reacted with five (55.55%) and BR/IP2-4E10 with four (44.44%). Conclusions: The MAbs obtained were able to recognize epitopes common between the three genera, Artibeus, Eptesicus, and Nyctinomops, thereby allowing the antigenic characterization of RABV isolates in Brazil.

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Genetic Mapping of Rabies Virus in Dogs as a Basis for Disease Control

Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v10i1.3369 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muharam Saepulloh ◽

R. M. Abdul Adji

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Sequence ◽

Phylogenetic Relationship ◽

Rabies Virus ◽

Virus Isolate ◽

Protein Gene ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Nucleoprotein Gene ◽

N Protein

The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic characteristics of rabies virus based on phylogenetic relationship among rabies virus in various regions in Indonesia. The amino acid sequence of the nucleoprotein gene of rabies virus isolate from Banten (RV/Banten01/dog/2007),Makasar (RV/MKS-26/dog/2010), Bukit Tinggi (RV/BKT-52/dog/2009 and RV/BKT-58/dog/2009), Medan (RV/Medan27/dog/2007)andBali(RV/Bali-1/dog/2009;RV/Bali-2/dog/2009;RV/Bali-3/dog/2009),Indonesiawasdetermined.TheseisolatesshowedahighdegreeofhomologyamongIndonesianisolateswhichreached100%.Meanwhile,thelevelofhomologybetweenrabiesvirusisolatesfromcatsrabiesvirusisolatesfromdogsreached97%.ResultsofphylogeneticanalysisusingtheaminoacidsequencesoftheNgenesshowedthatallofIndonesianrabiesvirusisolateswerecloselyrelatedtorabiesvirusesfromChinathanthosefromThailand,Laos,Burma,andVietnamwhichgeograficallycloser to Indonesia. Data obtained from the phylogenetic analysis is expected to trace the source of rabies spread and thepossibility to create a vaccines which more suitable with rabies virus that spreads in Indonesia. Based on the phylogenetic relationship analysisusing the amino acid sequence of the rabies virus N protein gene showed that all of rabies virus isolated from Indonesian regions share a highhomology with others ranging from 97-100%..Key words: sequencing, rabies, nucleoprotein gene (N), homology

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Phylogenetic analysis of nucleoprotein gene of dog rabies virus isolates from Southern India

Infection Genetics and Evolution ◽

10.1016/j.meegid.2009.04.004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 976-982 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

T. Nagarajan ◽

S.B. Nagendrakumar ◽

B. Mohanasubramanian ◽

S. Rajalakshmi ◽

N.R. Hanumantha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Rabies Virus ◽

Southern India ◽

Nucleoprotein Gene ◽

Virus Isolates

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Development of Primer Pairs from Molecular Typing of Rabies Virus Variants Present in Mexico

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/4659470 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fernando Bastida-González ◽

Dolores G. Ramírez-Hernández ◽

Erika Chavira-Suárez ◽

Eleazar Lara-Padilla ◽

Paola Zárate-Segura

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Rabies Virus ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Molecular Typing ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

N Gene ◽

Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Nucleoprotein N ◽

The Brain ◽

Vampire Bat

Nucleoprotein (N) gene from rabies virus (RABV) is a useful sequence target for variant studies. Several specific RABV variants have been characterized in different mammalian hosts such as skunk, dog, and bats by using anti-nucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) via indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test, a technique not available in many laboratories in Mexico. In the present study, a total of 158 sequences of N gene from RABV were used to design eight pairs of primers (four external and four internal primers), for typing four different RABV variants (dog, skunk, vampire bat, and nonhematophagous bat) which are most common in Mexico. The results indicate that the primer and the typing variant from the brain samples, submitted to nested and/or real-time PCR, are in agreement in all four singleplex reactions, and the designed primer pairs are an alternative for use in specific variant RABV typing.

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Phylogenetic analysis of nucleoprotein gene of Rabies virus in Malaysia from 2015 to 2018

Tropical Biomedicine ◽

10.47665/tb.38.2.043 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 72-78

Author(s):

Leow B.L.

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Rabies Virus ◽

Nucleoprotein Gene

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New rabies virus variant found during an epizootic in white-nosed coatis from the Yucatan Peninsula

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268810000762 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 138 (11) ◽

pp. 1586-1589 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

N. ARÉCHIGA-CEBALLOS ◽

A. VELASCO-VILLA ◽

M. SHI ◽

S. FLORES-CHÁVEZ ◽

B. BARRÓN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rabies Virus ◽

Human Rabies ◽

Direct Immunofluorescence ◽

Tadarida Brasiliensis ◽

Virus Variant ◽

Nucleoprotein Gene ◽

Nasua Narica ◽

Human Rabies Case

SUMMARYIn February 2008, three white-nosed coatis (Nasua narica) were found dead in a recreational park in Cancun, Mexico. The diagnosis of rabies virus (RABV) infection was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence test. The phylogenetic analysis performed with the complete RABV nucleoprotein gene positioned this isolate close to a sequence of a human rabies case reported during 2008 from Oaxaca, Mexico, sharing 93% similarity. In turn, these two variants are related to another variant found in rabidTadarida brasiliensis mexicanabats across North America. Anti-RABV neutralizing activity (1·3 IU/ml) was found in the serum of one white-nosed coati captured with another five that cohabited with the dead animals. Enhanced rabies surveillance and pathogenesis studies should be conducted in coatis and insectivorous bats of the region to clarify the role of these species as potential emergent or long-term unidentified RABV reservoirs.

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Rabies virus strains circulating in Bhutan: implications for control

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268810002682 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 139 (10) ◽

pp. 1457-1462 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

TENZIN ◽

S. WACHARAPLUESADEE ◽

J. DENDUANGBORIPANT ◽

N. K. DHAND ◽

R. DORJI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Rabies Virus ◽

South Asian ◽

Common Ancestor ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

N Gene ◽

Animal Populations ◽

The World ◽

Nucleoprotein N ◽

Virus Strains

SUMMARYWe report a molecular epidemiological study of rabies virus (RABV) strains circulating in animal populations in Bhutan, and investigate potential origins of these viruses. Twenty-three RABV isolates originating from dogs and other domestic animals were characterized by sequencing the partial nucleoprotein (N) gene (395 bp). Phylogenetic analysis was conducted and the Bhutanese isolates were compared with rabies viruses originating from other parts of the world. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Bhutanese isolates were highly similar and were closely related to Indian strains and South Asian Arctic-like-1 viruses. Our study suggests that the rabies viruses spreading in southern parts of Bhutan have originated from a common ancestor, perhaps from the Indian virus strain.

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