scholarly journals Transmission of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 8 by Artificial Insemination with Frozen–Thawed Semen from Naturally Infected Bulls

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Kris De Clercq ◽  
Leen Vandaele ◽  
Tine Vanbinst ◽  
Mickaël Riou ◽  
Isra Deblauwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bovine Semen ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Gestational Stage

Transmission of bluetongue (BT) virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) via artificial insemination of contaminated frozen semen from naturally infected bulls was investigated in two independent experiments. Healthy, BT negative heifers were hormonally synchronized and artificially inseminated at oestrus. In total, six groups of three heifers received semen from four batches derived from three bulls naturally infected with BTV-8. Each experiment included one control heifer that was not inseminated and that remained BT negative throughout. BTV viraemia and seroconversion were determined in 8 out of 18 inseminated heifers, and BTV was isolated from five of these animals. These eight heifers only displayed mild clinical signs of BT, if any at all, but six of them experienced pregnancy loss between weeks four and eight of gestation, and five of them became BT PCR and antibody positive. The other two infected heifers gave birth at term to two healthy and BT negative calves. The BT viral load varied among the semen batches used and this had a significant impact on the infection rate, the time of onset of viraemia post artificial insemination, and the gestational stage at which pregnancy loss occurred. These results, which confirm unusual features of BTV-8 infection, should not be extrapolated to infection with other BTV strains without thorough evaluation. This study also adds weight to the hypothesis that the re-emergence of BTV-8 in France in 2015 may be attributable to the use of contaminated bovine semen.

scholarly journals Emergence of a Novel Reassortant Strain of Bluetongue Serotype 6 in Israel, 2017: Clinical Manifestations of the Disease and Molecular Characterization

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Golender ◽  
Avi Eldar ◽  
Marcelo Ehrlich ◽  
Yevgeny Khinich ◽  
Gabriel Kenigswald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reassortant Strain ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Reassortment contributes to the evolution of RNA viruses with segmented genomes, including Bluetongue virus (BTV). Recently, co-circulation of natural and vaccine BTV variants in Europe, and their ensuing reassortment, were proposed to promote appearance of novel European BTV strains, with potential implications for pathogenicity, spread and vaccination policies. Similarly, the geographical features of the Mediterranean basin, which spans over portions of three continents, may facilitate the appearance of clinically relevant reassortants via co-circulation of BTV strains of African, Asian and European origins. In August–October 2017, BTV serotype 6 (BTV-6) was identified in young animals exhibiting classical clinical signs of Bluetongue (BT) at Israeli sheep and cattle farms. Sequencing and pairwise analysis of this Israeli BTV-6 isolate revealed the closest sequence homology of its serotype-defining Segment 2 was with that of South African reference BTV-6 strain 5011 (93.88% identity). In contrast, the other viral segments showed highest homology (97.0%–99.47% identity) with BTV-3, -4 and -9 of Mediterranean and African origins. Specifically, four viral segments were nearly identical (99.13%–99.47%), with Tunisian and Italian BTV-3 strains (TUN2016 and SAD2018, correspondingly). Together, our data suggest that Mediterranean co-circulation and reassortment of BTV-3 and BTV-6 drove the emergence of a novel and virulent BTV-6 strain

scholarly journals Reliable and Standardized Animal Models to Study the Pathogenesis of Bluetongue and Schmallenberg Viruses in Ruminant Natural Host Species with Special Emphasis on Placental Crossing

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Ludovic Martinelle ◽  
Fabiana Dal Pozzo ◽  
Etienne Thiry ◽  
Kris De Clercq ◽  
Claude Saegerman
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Natural Host Species ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
The World ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Inoculum Preparation

Starting in 2006, bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV8) was responsible for a major epizootic in Western and Northern Europe. The magnitude and spread of the disease were surprisingly high and the control of BTV improved significantly with the marketing of BTV8 inactivated vaccines in 2008. During late summer of 2011, a first cluster of reduced milk yield, fever, and diarrhoea was reported in the Netherlands. Congenital malformations appeared in March 2012 and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) was identified, becoming one of the very few orthobunyaviruses distributed in Europe. At the start of both epizootics, little was known about the pathogenesis and epidemiology of these viruses in the European context and most assumptions were extrapolated based on other related viruses and/or other regions of the World. Standardized and repeatable models potentially mimicking clinical signs observed in the field are required to study the pathogenesis of these infections, and to clarify their ability to cross the placental barrier. This review presents some of the latest experimental designs for infectious disease challenges with BTV or SBV. Infectious doses, routes of infection, inoculum preparation, and origin are discussed. Particular emphasis is given to the placental crossing associated with these two viruses.

Performance of clinical signs to detect bluetongue virus serotype 8 outbreaks in cattle and sheep during the 2006-epidemic in The Netherlands

2008 ◽  
Vol 129 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R.W. Elbers ◽  
A. Backx ◽  
H.M. Ekker ◽  
A.N. van der Spek ◽  
P.A. van Rijn
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Clinical signs of bluetongue virus serotype 8 infection in sheep and goats

2007 ◽  
Vol 161 (17) ◽  
pp. 591-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Backx ◽  
C. G. Heutink ◽  
E. M. A. Van Rooij ◽  
P. A. Van Rijn
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Virus Serotype

scholarly journals Use of cooled buffalo semen as a strategy to increase conception rates in fixed-time artificial insemination programs during unfavorable reproductive periods

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-570
Author(s):  
J. Almeida ◽  
M.F. Brito ◽  
B.P. Neves ◽  
V.A.B. Becerra ◽  
P.A. Auler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Buffalo Semen ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Artificial Vagina

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to compare the reproductive efficiency of dairy buffaloes undergoing fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols based on progesterone/estrogen (P4/E2) and eCG during unfavorable breeding season using cooled (CS) and frozen semen (FS). A total of 446 buffaloes (> 40 days postpartum) were randomly distributed into four blocks (years): B1-2014 (n = 143), B2-2015 (n = 34), B3-2016 (n = 90), and B4-2017 (n = 179). Each block was subdivided into two (AI with CS and FS using the same ejaculate of each bull). Thus, the block subdivision was as follows: B1 (CS = 71 and FS = 72); B2 (CS = 18 and FS = 16); B3 (CS = 47 and FS = 43); and B4 (CS = 90 and FS = 89). The ejaculates of eight Murrah bulls collected using an artificial vagina were divided into two aliquots: one aliquot was diluted in Botu-Bov® commercial extender and cooled (BB-CS), and the other was diluted in the same extender and frozen (BB-FS). BB-CS aliquots were cooled at 5 °C/24 h using a refrigerator. BB-FS group aliquots were also cooled, and after equilibrating at 5 °C for 4 h, were placed in a 21-L Styrofoam box, 5 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen. In the afternoon (A) on D0 (2:00 p.m.) the animals received EB 2.0 mg IM (Estrogin®) and an ear implant (CRESTAR® 3.0 mg P4). At D9 (A), the implant was removed, and the animals received eCG 400 IU IM (Folligon® 5000) + Cloprostenol PGF2α 0.530 mg IM (Sincrocio®). At D10 (A), the animals received EB 1.0 mg IM (Estrogin®), and at D12 (8:00 a.m.), AI was performed. At D42, pregnancy was diagnosed via ultrasonography. Total CRs were 48.2% CS and 34.6% FS for years 2014 to 2017, with a significant difference of 13.7% (P<0.05). In conclusion, cooled semen resulted in higher CR than frozen semen in dairy buffaloes under the P4/E2 and eCG FTAI during the unfavorable reproductive season.

scholarly journals An outbreak of bluetongue virus serotype 9 in Southern Croatia

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Listeš ◽  
Sanja Bosnić ◽  
Miroslav Benić ◽  
Josip Madić ◽  
Željko Cvetnić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Serum Neutralization Test ◽  
First Time ◽  
Obsoletus Complex

The aim of this study was to provide a description of the first epidemic of bluetongue and the first survey on midges of the genus Culicoides in Croatia. Clinical signs were firstly observed on November 2001 in sheep in Konavle, Dubrovnik – Neretva County. During this epizootic the overall sheep morbidity and mortality were 5.2% (95% confidence interval (c.i.), 4.1-6.6%) and 2.29% (95% c.i., 1.6-3.3%), respectively. After the outbreak, 3,318 serum samples of ruminants from 53 villages of the Dubrovnik – Neretva County were examined for bluetongue virus (BTV) antibodies by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). In forty nine (92.45%, 95% c.i., 82.11-96.92%) of the 53 villages, animals with antibodies against bluetongue virus were found. In particular, a total of 178 cattle (49.86%, 95% c.i., 44.7-55.0%), 174 sheep (13.72%, 95% c.i., 11.9-15.7%) and 270 goats (15.95%, 95% c.i., 14.3-17.8%) were seropositive. Antibodies to bluetongue virus serotype 9 were detected in 212 positive sera by serum neutralization test. The percentage of positive animals decreased (P > 0.05) from the east to the west suggesting a possible east westward spreading of BTV infection. Fourteen light-trap midge collections from seven different sites were examined. Of the 4872 Culicoides spp. collected, 4,492 (92%, 95% c.i., 91.4-92.9%) of them belonged to the species of Obsoletus complex. This study showed for the first time that a pathogenic strain of BTV-9, probably from Montenegro, entered Croatia causing disease and death in local sheep and that C. obsoletus and C. scoticus were likely the major vectors of infection.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analysis of bluetongue virus serotype 4 field isolates from Argentina

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Legisa ◽  
F. Gonzalez ◽  
G. De Stefano ◽  
A. Pereda ◽  
M. J. Dus Santos
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
South American ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Virus Serotype

Bluetongue is an insect-transmitted viral disease of ruminant species, which represents a major barrier to the international trade of animals and their products. Bluetongue virus (BTV) has a genome composed of ten linear segments of dsRNA, which code for at least ten different viral proteins. In South America, serological evidence for the presence of BTV has been found in Peru, Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador and Chile. Brazil and Argentina are the only South American countries where BTV has been isolated. In Brazil, only one BTV isolate, serotype 12, has been reported, whereas in Argentina five BTV serotype 4 isolates have been obtained from cattle without clinical signs. Three of these five isolates were isolated during 1999–2001, whereas two of them were obtained as part of the present work. This study describes sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses of segment (Seg)-2, Seg-3, Seg-6, Seg-7 and Seg-10 of the first Argentinian field isolates of BTV. The analysis of Seg-2 and Seg-6 resulted in a single cluster of Argentinian sequences into the serotype 4 clade. In addition, the Argentinian sequences grouped within the nucleotype A clade, along with reference strains. The analysis of Seg-3, Seg-7 and Seg-10 showed that the Argentinian isolates grouped into the western topotype, indicating that the circulating virus had an African/European origin. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Argentinian sequences present a South American genetic identity, suggesting an independent lineage evolution.

Clinical signs and pathology shown by British sheep and cattle infected with bluetongue virus serotype 8 derived from the 2006 outbreak in northern Europen

2007 ◽  
Vol 161 (8) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Darpel ◽  
C. A. Batten ◽  
E. Veronesi ◽  
A. E. Shaw ◽  
S. Anthony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Virus Serotype

scholarly journals Fact findings about the frozen buck semen characters freezing with eyc and tris extender and productivity of Black Bengal does as the potential genetic resource in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Fazlul Karim ◽  
MAM Yahia Khandoker ◽  
Syed Sakhawat Husain
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Live Sperm ◽  
Breeding And Genetics

The research work was conducted at the Artificial Insemination Center under the Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to compare the efficacy between Egg Yolk Citrate (EYC) and Tris diluter for frozen semen production in Black Bengal buck. The parameters of semen characteristics included volume per ejaculate (ml), percentage of individual motility (progressive), normal and live sperm and sperm concentration (billion/ml). After dilution with EYC extender, It revealed from statistical analysis of frozen semen that individual bucks had significant effect (p<0.05) on sperm motility and but insignificant on motility after cooling with and without glycerol. In the same way, with Tris diluter, it was insignificant (p>0.05) on diluted semen motility and motility after cooling with and without glycerol. Motility and morphology of the sperm after equilibration and thawing showed insignificant difference among the bucks using EYC diluter. On the contrary, variation in the motility after equilibration and thawing was found significant (p<0.05) using Tris diluter and insignificant on normal and live sperm percentages. After insemination with frozen buck semen, productivity or conception rate was found significantly (p<0.01) higher (60.37%) in Tris than that of EYC diluter (43.75%). On the other hand, the productivity when compared among bucks within the diluter, the variation was not found significant (p>0.05).The productivity found both in Tris and EYC diluter is almost similar to abundantly used Triladyl diluter (58.25). It is concluded that tris diluter might be used as the alternative to the Tryladil diluter though further study is to be needed for more confirmation. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(3): 341-350, December 2018

scholarly journals Origin of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 8 Outbreak in Cyprus, September 2016

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Rajko-Nenow ◽  
Vasiliki Christodoulou ◽  
William Thurston ◽  
Honorata M. Ropiak ◽  
Savvas Savva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Dna Libraries ◽  
Virus Serotype

In September 2016, clinical signs, indicative of bluetongue, were observed in sheep in Cyprus. Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) was detected in sheep, indicating the first incursion of this serotype into Cyprus. Following virus propagation, Nextera XT DNA libraries were sequenced on the MiSeq instrument. Full-genome sequences were obtained for five isolates CYP2016/01-05 and the percent of nucleotide sequence (% nt) identity between them ranged from 99.92% to 99.95%, which corresponded to a few (2–5) amino acid changes. Based on the complete coding sequence, the Israeli ISR2008/13 (98.42–98.45%) was recognised as the closest relative to CYP2016/01-05. However, the phylogenetic reconstruction of CYP2016/01-05 revealed that the possibility of reassortment in several segments: 4, 7, 9 and 10. Based on the available sequencing data, the incursion BTV-8 into Cyprus most likely occurred from the neighbouring countries (e.g., Israel, Lebanon, Syria, or Jordan), where multiple BTV serotypes were co-circulating rather than from Europe (e.g., France) where a single BTV-8 serotype was dominant. Supporting this hypothesis, atmospheric dispersion modelling identified wind-transport events during July–September that could have allowed the introduction of BTV-8 infected midges from Lebanon, Syria or Israel coastlines into the Larnaca region of Cyprus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document