scholarly journals Financing of Immunization Programs by Local Government Units in Poland as an Element of Health Policy

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Anna Augustynowicz ◽  
Mariola Borowska ◽  
Katarzyna Lewtak ◽  
Jacek Borowicz ◽  
Michał Waszkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Aggregate Information

Introduction: The scope and schedule of immunization in Poland is regulated by the Immunization Programme prepared and announced by the State Sanitary Inspector. There are two kinds of vaccines: compulsory vaccines, financed by the state budget at the disposal of the Minister of Health, and vaccines recommended by the central health authorities but financed by local governments within health policy programmes. Compulsory vaccines cover people up to 19 years of age and individuals at higher risk of infections. The public health programmes organized and financed by local governments play an important role in infectious disease control in the country. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyse health policy programmes including immunization programmes, which were developed, implemented and financed by local government units of all levels in Poland between 2016 and 2019. Material and Methods: This analysis covers data compiled by voivodes and submitted to the Minister of Health as annual information on public health tasks carried out by local government units. From the aggregate information, data on all health policy programmes conducted by individual local government units between 2016 and 2019, including immunization, were extracted and analysed. The data were obtained pursuant to the provisions of the act on access to public information. Results: In the analysed period, local government units implemented a total of 1737 health policy programmes that financed the purchase of vaccines, qualification tests for immunization and carrying out immunization by authorized medical entities. Among the vast majority of programmes, promotional activities were also implemented. Conclusions: In Poland, local governments are deeply engaged in the immunization of their citizens by organizing and financing specific health care programmes. These programmes are an essential addition to the state financial resources in infectious disease control. This engagement expresses local government maturity regarding the health needs of the population and public health measures. Communes are the most engaged units among all levels of local governments. It is probably due to close mutual communication between the people and local governments. The growing awareness of the important role of HPV immunization in the prevention of cervical cancer among local government units is reflected in the increase in the number of girls vaccinated against HPV and the increase in financial resources allocated for primary HPV prevention. The decrease in the number of people vaccinated against pneumococci may result from including pneumococcal vaccines in the compulsory immunization schedule.

scholarly journals Ecological theory to enhance infectious disease control and public health policy

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine F. Smith ◽  
Andrew P. Dobson ◽  
F Ellis McKenzie ◽  
Leslie A. Real ◽  
David L. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Ecological Theory ◽  
Infectious Disease Control

scholarly journals Workshop: Sharing best practices and building effective training at European points of entry

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Training Program ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Health Events ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
The World

Abstract Infectious diseases can spread all over the world due to the transportation of people and goods through ships, aircrafts and vehicles. During the transportation on board of conveyances (ships, aircrafts, trains, buses), diseases can spread from person-to-person, by infected food or water or through vectors. The same can happen when travelers pass through points of entry (PoE) such as: ports, airports and ground-crossings. To properly prevent and respond to public health events at PoE, designated ports, airports and ground-crossings core capacities for PoE are dictated in the IHR (2005), which should be in place at all designated PoE. According to the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory data, the IHR core capacities implementation at designated PoE at the European WHO region is 64%. In order to support countries with this implementation, exchange among countries of effective, legalized practices in accordance with IHR (2005), the so-called best practices, can be of important help. Besides the goal to improve mere capacity, professionals in charge of communicable diseases at PoE should be prepared to respond to public health events and prevent cross-border spread. Education, training and exercises are common ways to achieve this, but demand extensive expertise, time and financial means. As part of a EU Joint Action, a collective training program for designated PoE is being developed, to share efforts and resources, and to help countries better respond to public health events. However, regarding this training, many questions are still unanswered. What is effective training for public health events at designated PoE, and what components and methodology should it contain. What are the specific training needs of these people? What competencies should they have? What can we learn from previous trainings and what are best practices for designated PoE? The aim of this workshop is to provide a step-by-step overview of all elements that are essential to improve capacity and develop and organize effective training program for event management at designated points of entry in Europe. This study was funded by the European Union’s Health Programme (2014-2020). Key messages Extensive and long-term evaluation of training and exercising regarding infectious disease control at points of entry is needed, in order to design effective trainings and facilitate core capacities. Collection and dissemination of best practices in infectious disease control at points of entry, facilitate the challenging task of IHR core capacity implementation.

scholarly journals Is Aboriginal nutrition a priority for local government? A policy analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3019-3028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Helson ◽  
Ruth Walker ◽  
Claire Palermo ◽  
Kim Rounsefell ◽  
Yudit Aron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Aboriginal Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Aboriginal Populations ◽  
Health And Well Being

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to explore how Australian local governments prioritise the health and well-being of Aboriginal populations and the extent to which nutrition is addressed by local government health policy.DesignIn the state of Victoria, Australia, all seventy-nine local governments’ public health policy documents were retrieved. Inclusion of Aboriginal health and nutrition in policy documents was analysed using quantitative content analysis. Representation of Aboriginal nutrition ‘problems’ and ‘solutions’ was examined using qualitative framing analysis. The socio-ecological framework was used to classify the types of Aboriginal nutrition issues and strategies within policy documents.SettingVictoria, Australia.SubjectsLocal governments’ public health policy documents (n79).ResultsA small proportion (14 %,n11) of local governments addressed Aboriginal health and well-being in terms of nutrition. Where strategies aimed at nutrition existed, they mostly focused on individual factors rather than the broader macroenvironment.ConclusionsA limited number of Victorian local governments address nutrition as a health issue for their Aboriginal populations in policy documents. Nutrition needs to be addressed as a community and social responsibility rather than merely an individual ‘behaviour’. Partnerships are required to ensure Aboriginal people lead government policy development.

scholarly journals Applying principles of injury and infectious disease control to the opioid mortality epidemic in North America: critical intervention gaps

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Fischer ◽  
Michelle Pang ◽  
Mark Tyndall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
North America ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Environmental Measures ◽  
Overdose Mortality ◽  
Critical Intervention

ABSTRACT North America has been experiencing an acute and unprecedented public health crisis involving excessive and increasing levels of opioid-related overdose mortality. In the present commentary, we examine current interventions (as existent mainly in Canada) to date and compare them against established intervention frameworks and practices in other areas of public health, specifically injury and infectious disease control. We observe that current interventions focusing on opioid drug safety or exposure—specifically those that focus on distinctly potent and toxic opioid products driving major increases in overdose mortality—may be considered the equivalent of ‘agent-’ or ‘vector’-based interventions. Such interventions have been largely neglected in favor of ‘host’ (e.g., drug user-oriented) or ‘environmental’ measures among strategies to reduce opioid-related overdose, likely contributing to the limited efficacy of current measures. We explore potential reasons, implications and remedies for these gaps in the overall public health strategy employed towards improved interventions to reduce opioid-related health harms.

scholarly journals A Report of the Survey on Shelter Management under COVID-19 in Japanese Local Governments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arisa Yasui ◽  
Muneyoshi Numada
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Proactive Measures ◽  
Control Work

Japan is a disaster-prone country and natural disasters could happen under COVID-19. Shelter management is especially important because many people evacuate there and there’s high risk of spreading infection. In order to establish feasible countermeasures in shelters, we conducted a survey about the current situation of preparation and experience of shelter management in Japanese local governments under COVID-19. From the answer of 346 municipalities, we found that some municipalities took measures against COVID-19 such as adding new shelters and conducting the training, and these proactive measures were very useful. However, due to the addition of infectious disease control work, it became clear that it would take time and difficulty at reception, and that it would be even more difficult to identify evacuees with the recommended distributed evacuation. These results can be useful in proceeding consideration of better shelter management under COVID-19.

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