scholarly journals A Report of the Survey on Shelter Management under COVID-19 in Japanese Local Governments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arisa Yasui ◽  
Muneyoshi Numada
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Proactive Measures ◽  
Control Work

Japan is a disaster-prone country and natural disasters could happen under COVID-19. Shelter management is especially important because many people evacuate there and there’s high risk of spreading infection. In order to establish feasible countermeasures in shelters, we conducted a survey about the current situation of preparation and experience of shelter management in Japanese local governments under COVID-19. From the answer of 346 municipalities, we found that some municipalities took measures against COVID-19 such as adding new shelters and conducting the training, and these proactive measures were very useful. However, due to the addition of infectious disease control work, it became clear that it would take time and difficulty at reception, and that it would be even more difficult to identify evacuees with the recommended distributed evacuation. These results can be useful in proceeding consideration of better shelter management under COVID-19.

scholarly journals Financing of Immunization Programs by Local Government Units in Poland as an Element of Health Policy

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Anna Augustynowicz ◽  
Mariola Borowska ◽  
Katarzyna Lewtak ◽  
Jacek Borowicz ◽  
Michał Waszkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Aggregate Information

Introduction: The scope and schedule of immunization in Poland is regulated by the Immunization Programme prepared and announced by the State Sanitary Inspector. There are two kinds of vaccines: compulsory vaccines, financed by the state budget at the disposal of the Minister of Health, and vaccines recommended by the central health authorities but financed by local governments within health policy programmes. Compulsory vaccines cover people up to 19 years of age and individuals at higher risk of infections. The public health programmes organized and financed by local governments play an important role in infectious disease control in the country. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyse health policy programmes including immunization programmes, which were developed, implemented and financed by local government units of all levels in Poland between 2016 and 2019. Material and Methods: This analysis covers data compiled by voivodes and submitted to the Minister of Health as annual information on public health tasks carried out by local government units. From the aggregate information, data on all health policy programmes conducted by individual local government units between 2016 and 2019, including immunization, were extracted and analysed. The data were obtained pursuant to the provisions of the act on access to public information. Results: In the analysed period, local government units implemented a total of 1737 health policy programmes that financed the purchase of vaccines, qualification tests for immunization and carrying out immunization by authorized medical entities. Among the vast majority of programmes, promotional activities were also implemented. Conclusions: In Poland, local governments are deeply engaged in the immunization of their citizens by organizing and financing specific health care programmes. These programmes are an essential addition to the state financial resources in infectious disease control. This engagement expresses local government maturity regarding the health needs of the population and public health measures. Communes are the most engaged units among all levels of local governments. It is probably due to close mutual communication between the people and local governments. The growing awareness of the important role of HPV immunization in the prevention of cervical cancer among local government units is reflected in the increase in the number of girls vaccinated against HPV and the increase in financial resources allocated for primary HPV prevention. The decrease in the number of people vaccinated against pneumococci may result from including pneumococcal vaccines in the compulsory immunization schedule.

Data base design for infectious disease control

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Fedorowicz ◽  
William D. Haseman
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Data Base Design ◽  
Base Design

Development of Veterinary Laboratory Networks for Avian Influenza and Other Emerging Infectious Disease Control: The Southeast Asian Experience

EcoHealth ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Daniels ◽  
Bagoes Poermadjaja ◽  
Chris Morrissy ◽  
Thanh Long Ngo ◽  
Paul Selleck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Emerging Infectious Disease ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Veterinary Laboratory

scholarly journals Are countries’ self-reported assessments of their capacity for infectious disease control reliable? Associations among countries’ self-reported International Health Regulation 2005 capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng-Jen Tsai ◽  
Mathuros Tipayamongkholgul
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
International Health ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Average Score ◽  
International Health Regulation ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate associations among countries’ self-reported International Health Regulation 2005 (IHR 2005) capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes. Methods Countries’ self-reported assessments implemented by percentages as IHR Monitoring Tools (IHRMT) in 2016 and 2017 were used to represent national capacity regarding infectious disease control. WHO Disease Outbreak News and matched diseases reports on ProMED-mail were collected in 2016 to represent disease control outcomes of countries. Disease control outcomes were divided in good, normal and bad groups based on the development of outbreaks listed in the reports. The Human Development Index (HDI), density of physicians and nurses, health expenditure, number of arrivals of international tourists were also collected for control. Chi-square test and logistic regression were applied for analysis. Results A total of 907 cases occurred in 92 countries. For all diseases, cases occurring in high international travel volume countries presented twice the risk of having a bad disease control outcomes than cases occurring in low international travel volume countries (OR = 2.19 for IHR 2016, OR =2.97 for IHR 2017). Cases occurring in low IHR average score countries had significant higher risk (OR = 7.83 for IHR 2016 and OR = 2.23 for IHR 2017) of having a bad disease control outcomes than countries with high IHR average scores. For only human diseases, cases occurring in high international travel volume countries presented twice the risk of having a bad disease control outcomes than cases occurring in low international travel volume countries for IHR 2017 (OR =2.79). Cases occurring in low IHR average score countries had significant higher risk (OR = 11.16 for IHR 2016 and OR = 3.45 for IHR 2017) of having a bad disease control outcomes than countries with high IHR average scores. The HDI, health workforce density and total health expenditure were all positively associated with disease control outcomes. Conclusions Countries’ self-reported infectious disease control capacities positively correlated with their disease control outcomes. While the self-reported IHR scores were accountable to some degree, this approach was useful for understanding global capacity in infectious disease control and in allocating resources for future preparedness.

scholarly journals Are countries’ self-reported assessments of their capacity for infectious disease control reliable? Associations among countries’ self-reported International Health Regulation 2005 capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
feng-jen Tsai ◽  
Mathuros Tipayamongkholgul
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
International Health ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Average Score ◽  
International Health Regulation ◽  
Infectious Disease Control ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate associations among countries’ self-reported International Health Regulation 2005 (IHR 2005) capacity assessments and infectious disease control outcomes. Methods Countries’ self-reported assessments implemented by percentages as IHR Monitoring Tools (IHRMT) in 2016 and 2017 were used to represent national capacity regarding infectious disease control. WHO Disease Outbreak News and matched diseases reports on ProMED-mail were collected in 2016 to represent disease control outcomes of countries. Disease control outcomes were divided in good, normal and bad groups based on the development of outbreaks listed in the reports. The Human Development Index (HDI), density of physicians and nurses, health expenditure, number of arrivals of international tourists were also collected for control. Chi-square test and logistic regression were applied for analysis. Results A total of 907 cases occurred in 92 countries. For all diseases, cases occurring in high international travel volume countries presented twice the risk of having a bad disease control outcomes than cases occurring in low international travel volume countries (OR = 2.19 for IHR 2016, OR =2.97 for IHR 2017). Cases occurring in low IHR average score countries had significant higher risk (OR = 7.83 for IHR 2016 and OR = 2.23 for IHR 2017) of having a bad disease control outcomes than countries with high IHR average scores. For only human diseases, cases occurring in high international travel volume countries presented twice the risk of having a bad disease control outcomes than cases occurring in low international travel volume countries for IHR 2017 (OR =2.79). Cases occurring in low IHR average score countries had significant higher risk (OR = 11.16 for IHR 2016 and OR = 3.45 for IHR 2017) of having a bad disease control outcomes than countries with high IHR average scores. The HDI, health workforce density and total health expenditure were all positively associated with disease control outcomes. Conclusions Countries’ self-reported infectious disease control capacities positively correlated with their disease control outcomes. While the self-reported IHR scores were accountable to some degree, this approach was useful for understanding global capacity in infectious disease control and in allocating resources for future preparedness.

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