scholarly journals New Points of Departure for More Global Influenza Vaccine Use

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease ◽  
Influenza Pandemics ◽  
The Face ◽  
Influenza Prevention ◽  
Universal Influenza Vaccine

Each year, influenza causes a significant acute respiratory disease burden. In addition, influenza pandemics periodically occur. Annual vaccination is the best tool for influenza prevention, but its effectiveness can vary from year to year. The narrow specificity of conventional vaccines and the drug resistance of currently circulating viruses reduce the effectiveness of prophylaxis and treatment and require the development of new broad-spectrum preparations. Furthermore, the challenge of creating a highly effective universal influenza vaccine takes on renewed intensity in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines Targeting Conserved Viral Proteins

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazayeri ◽  
Poh
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Influenza Pandemics ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Production Platform ◽  
Universal Influenza Vaccine

Vaccination is still the most efficient way to prevent an infection with influenza viruses. Nevertheless, existing commercial vaccines face serious limitations such as availability during epidemic outbreaks and their efficacy. Existing seasonal influenza vaccines mostly induce antibody responses to the surface proteins of influenza viruses, which frequently change due to antigenic shift and or drift, thus allowing influenza viruses to avoid neutralizing antibodies. Hence, influenza vaccines need a yearly formulation to protect against new seasonal viruses. A broadly protective or universal influenza vaccine must induce effective humoral as well as cellular immunity against conserved influenza antigens, offer good protection against influenza pandemics, be safe, and have a fast production platform. Nanotechnology has great potential to improve vaccine delivery, immunogenicity, and host immune responses. As new strains of human epidemic influenza virus strains could originate from poultry and swine viruses, development of a new universal influenza vaccine will require the immune responses to be directed against viruses from different hosts. This review discusses how the new vaccine platforms and nanoparticles can be beneficial in the development of a broadly protective, universal influenza vaccine.

scholarly journals Influenza Vaccines toward Universality through Nanoplatforms and Given by Microneedle Patches

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1212
Author(s):  
Sijia Tang ◽  
Wandi Zhu ◽  
Bao-Zhong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Strategy ◽  
Influenza Pandemics ◽  
Major Surface ◽  
Universal Influenza Vaccine

Influenza is one of the top threats to public health. The best strategy to prevent influenza is vaccination. Because of the antigenic changes in the major surface antigens of influenza viruses, current seasonal influenza vaccines need to be updated every year to match the circulating strains and are suboptimal for protection. Furthermore, seasonal vaccines do not protect against potential influenza pandemics. A universal influenza vaccine will eliminate the threat of both influenza epidemics and pandemics. Due to the massive challenge in realizing influenza vaccine universality, a single vaccine strategy cannot meet the need. A comprehensive approach that integrates advances in immunogen designs, vaccine and adjuvant nanoplatforms, and vaccine delivery and controlled release has the potential to achieve an effective universal influenza vaccine. This review will summarize the advances in the research and development of an affordable universal influenza vaccine.

Acute Respiratory Disease and Adenovirus Infection Among U.S Army Basic Trainees At Ft. Jackson, South Carolina 1998

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shellie Kolavic ◽  
Jose Sanchez ◽  
Leonard Binn ◽  
Marcela Echavarria ◽  
Bruce Innis
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Adenovirus Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease

scholarly journals M2e-Based Influenza Vaccines with Nucleoprotein: A Review

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Mei Peng Tan ◽  
Wen Siang Tan ◽  
Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen ◽  
Wei Boon Yap
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
Universal Influenza Vaccine

Discovery of conserved antigens for universal influenza vaccines warrants solutions to a number of concerns pertinent to the currently licensed influenza vaccines, such as annual reformulation and mismatching with the circulating subtypes. The latter causes low vaccine efficacies, and hence leads to severe disease complications and high hospitalization rates among susceptible and immunocompromised individuals. A universal influenza vaccine ensures cross-protection against all influenza subtypes due to the presence of conserved epitopes that are found in the majority of, if not all, influenza types and subtypes, e.g., influenza matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) and nucleoprotein (NP). Despite its relatively low immunogenicity, influenza M2e has been proven to induce humoral responses in human recipients. Influenza NP, on the other hand, promotes remarkable anti-influenza T-cell responses. Additionally, NP subunits are able to assemble into particles which can be further exploited as an adjuvant carrier for M2e peptide. Practically, the T-cell immunodominance of NP can be transferred to M2e when it is fused and expressed as a chimeric protein in heterologous hosts such as Escherichia coli without compromising the antigenicity. Given the ability of NP-M2e fusion protein in inducing cross-protective anti-influenza cell-mediated and humoral immunity, its potential as a universal influenza vaccine is therefore worth further exploration.

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