scholarly journals Waning of IgG, Total and Neutralizing Antibodies 6 Months Post-Vaccination with BNT162b2 in Healthcare Workers

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1092
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Bayart ◽  
Jonathan Douxfils ◽  
Constant Gillot ◽  
Clara David ◽  
François Mullier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Antibody Assay ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Decline

Data about the long-term duration of antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are still scarce and are important to design vaccination strategies. In this study, 231 healthcare professionals received the two-dose regimen of BNT162b2. Of these, 158 were seronegative and 73 were seropositive at baseline. Samples were collected at several time points. The neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and antibodies against the nucleocapsid and the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 were measured. At day 180, a significant antibody decline was observed in seronegative (−55.4% with total antibody assay; −89.6% with IgG assay) and seropositive individuals (−74.8% with total antibody assay; −79.4% with IgG assay). The estimated half-life of IgG from the peak humoral response was 21 days (95% CI: 13–65) in seronegative and 53 days (95% CI: 40–79) in seropositive individuals. The estimated half-life of total antibodies was longer and ranged from 68 days (95% CI: 54–90) to 114 days (95% CI: 87–167) in seropositive and seronegative individuals, respectively. The decline of NAbs was more pronounced (−98.6%) and around 45% of the subjects tested were negative at day 180. Whether this decrease correlates with an equivalent drop in the clinical effectiveness against the virus would require appropriate clinical studies.

scholarly journals Waning of IgG, total and neutralizing antibodies 6 months post-vaccination with BNT162b2 in healthcare workers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Bayart ◽  
Jonathan Douxfils ◽  
Constant Gillot ◽  
Clara David ◽  
François Mullier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Antibody Decline ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Data about the duration of humoral response following COVID-19 vaccines are mandatory to establish appropriate population vaccination strategy. This study reports on the antibody decline observed in a population of COVID-19 naïve and COVID-19 positive individuals having received the two dose regimen of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Six months after vaccination, a significant antibody decline was observed in both COVID-19 naïve and positive individuals. The estimated half-life of total and IgG antibodies differs and ranges from several months for total antibodies to only several weeks for IgG antibodies, explaining the significant proportions of participants with non-detectable levels of neutralizing antibodies at 6 months. Whether this decrease correlates with an equivalent drop in the clinical effectiveness against the virus will require appropriate clinical studies. Nevertheless, these data are already important to support the decision-making on the potential use of a booster dose.

Antibody titers decline 3-month post-vaccination with BNT612b2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Favresse ◽  
Jean-Louis Bayart ◽  
François Mullier ◽  
Marc Elsen ◽  
Christine Eucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Peak Response ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Decline ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Introduction: Several studies reported on the humoral response in subjects having received theBNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. However, data on the kinetics of antibodies 3 months postvaccinationare currently lacking and are important to drive the future vaccination strategy.Methods: The CRO-VAX HCP study is an ongoing multicenter, prospective and interventional studydesigned to assess the antibody response in a population of healthcare professionals who had receivedtwo doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Two-hundred individuals underwent a blooddrawn within 2 days before the first vaccine dose. One-hundred and forty-two persons (71%) werecategorized as seronegative at baseline while 58 (29%) were seropositive. Samples were then collectedafter 14, 28, 42, 56, and 90 days. Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and the receptorbinding domain of the S1 subunit of the spike protein were measured in all individuals at different timepoints.Results: Using a one-compartment kinetics model, the time to maximum concentration was estimatedat 36 ± 3 days after the first dose and the estimated half-life of antibodies was 55 days (95% CI: 37-107days) in seronegative participants. In seropositive participants, the time to maximum concentrationwas estimated at 24 ± 4 days and the estimated half-life was 80 days (95% CI: 46-303 days). Theantibody response was higher in seropositive compared to seronegative participants.Conclusion: In both seropositive and seronegative subjects, a significant antibody decline wasobserved at 3 months compared to the peak response. Nevertheless, the humoral response remainedrobust in all participants.

scholarly journals Comprehensive assessment of humoral response after Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccination: a three-case series

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Danese ◽  
Martina Montagnana ◽  
Gian Luca Salvagno ◽  
Matteo Gelati ◽  
Denise Peserico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Humoral Immune

Background. Since universal vaccination is a pillar against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), monitoring anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies is essential for deciphering post-vaccination immune response. Methods. Three healthcare workers received 30 μg BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine, followed by a second identical dose, 21 days afterwards. Venous blood was drawn at baseline and at serial intervals, up to 63 days afterwards, for assessing total immunoglobulins (Ig) anti-RBD (receptor binding domain), IgG anti-S1/S2, IgG anti-RBD, IgM anti-RBD, IgM anti-N/S1 and IgA anti-S1. Results. All subjects were SARS-CoV-2 seronegative at baseline. Total Ig anti-RBD, IgG anti-S1/S2 and IgG anti-RBD levels increased between 91-368 folds until 21 days after the first vaccine dose, then reached a plateau. The levels raised further after the second dose (by ~30-, ~8- and ~8-fold, respectively), peaking at day 35, but then slightly declining and stabilizing ~50 days after the first dose. IgA anti-S1 levels increased between 7-11 days after the first dose, slightly declined before the second dose, after which levels augmented by ~24-fold from baseline. The anti-RBD and anti-N/S1 IgM kinetics were similar to that of anti-S1 IgA, though displaying substantially weaker increases and modest peaks, only 4 to 7-fold higher than baseline. Highly significant inter-correlation was noted between total Ig anti-RBD, anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG (all r=0.99), whilst other anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies displayed lower, though still significant, correlations. Serum spike protein concentration was undetectable at all time points. Conclusions. BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination generates a robust humoral immune response, especially involving IgG and IgA, magnified by the second vaccine dose.

scholarly journals Comprehensive assessment of humoral response after Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccination: a three-case series

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Danese ◽  
Martina Montagnana ◽  
Gian Luca Salvagno ◽  
Denise Peserico ◽  
Laura Pighi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Humoral Immune

Abstract Objectives Since universal vaccination is a pillar against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), monitoring anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies is essential for deciphering post-vaccination immune response. Methods Three healthcare workers received 30 μg BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Pfizer Vaccine, followed by a second identical dose, 21 days afterwards. Venous blood was drawn at baseline and at serial intervals, up to 63 days afterwards, for assessing total immunoglobulins (Ig) anti-RBD (receptor binding domain), anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG, anti-RBD and anti-N/S1 IgM, and anti-S1 IgA. Results All subjects were SARS-CoV-2 seronegative at baseline. Total Ig anti-RBD, anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG levels increased between 91 and 368 folds until 21 days after the first vaccine dose, then reached a plateau. The levels raised further after the second dose (by ∼30-, ∼8- and ∼8-fold, respectively), peaking at day 35, but then slightly declining and stabilizing ∼50 days after the first vaccine dose. Anti-S1 IgA levels increased between 7 and 11 days after the first dose, slightly declined before the second dose, after which levels augmented by ∼24-fold from baseline. The anti-RBD and anti-N/S1 IgM kinetics were similar to that of anti-S1 IgA, though displaying substantially weaker increases and modest peaks, only 4- to 7-fold higher than baseline. Highly significant inter-correlation was noted between total Ig anti-RBD, anti-S1/S2 and anti-RBD IgG (all r=0.99), whilst other anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies displayed lower, though still significant, correlations. Serum spike protein concentration was undetectable at all-time points. Conclusions BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination generates a robust humoral immune response, especially involving anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgG and IgA, magnified by the second vaccine dose.

scholarly journals Characterization of the significant decline in humoral immune response six months post-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kin Israel Notarte ◽  
Israel Guerrero-Arguero ◽  
Jacqueline Veronica Velasco ◽  
Abbygail Therese Ver ◽  
Maria Helena Santos de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humoral Response ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Waning Immunity ◽  
Antibody Class ◽  
Antibody Decline ◽  
Primary Cycle

Accumulating evidence shows a progressive decline in the efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines such as Pfizer-BioNTech (mRNA BNT161b2) and Moderna (mRNA-1273) in preventing breakthrough infections due to diminishing humoral immunity over time. Thus, this review characterizes the kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) antibodies after the second dose of a primary cycle of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. A systematic search of literature was performed and a total of 18 studies (N=15,980) were identified and reviewed. The percent difference of means of reported antibody titers were then calculated to determine the decline in humoral response after the peak levels post-vaccination. Findings revealed that the peak humoral response was reached at 21-28 days after the second dose, after which serum levels progressively diminished at 4-6 months post-vaccination. Additionally, results showed that regardless of age, sex, serostatus and presence of comorbidities, longitudinal data reporting antibody measurement exhibited a decline of both anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG and anti-spike IgG, ranging from 94-95% at 90-180 days and 55-85% at 140-160 days, respectively, after the peak antibody response. This suggests that the rate of antibody decline may be independent of patient-related factors and peak antibody titers but mainly a function of time and antibody class/molecular target. Hence, this study highlights the necessity of more efficient vaccination strategies to provide booster administration in attenuating the effects of waning immunity, especially in the appearance of new variants of concerns (VoCs).

scholarly journals Effect Monitoring and Insights from Vaccination program of Healthcare Workforce from a tertiary level hospital in India against SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Ujjainia ◽  
Akansha Tyagi ◽  
Viren Sardana ◽  
Salwa Naushin ◽  
Nitin Bhatheja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Effect Monitoring ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Level Hospital

AbstractThe Oxford-Astra Zeneca COVID 19 vaccine (AZD1222 or ChAdOx1) is locally manufactured as Covishield by Serum Institute, Pune, India. In a group of 307 healthcare workers administered Covishield, we report measured antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 directed against the spike protein (S-antigen) at days 0, 7, 14, 28 and 45, with second dose on day 28 for all except 20 subjects who did not receive a second dose. In 129 subjects (42%) who had already developed antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 at day 0 (before immunization), it was observed that antibody response was significantly higher at each time point, with the maximum increase seen between days 0 and 7. The antibody levels and neutralizing activity in these subjects had peaked by day 28 and the second dose did not lead to further increase. Data from 9 subjects who were seropositive at baseline and received only one dose was similar to those who received both doses. In contrast the baseline sero-negative group (n=178) started developing antibody response only after 14 days or later. Administration of the second dose was associated with further increase in antibody levels at day 45 compared to day 28, with marked increase in neutralizing activity. In baseline seronegative subjects, who did not take the vaccine at day 28 (n=11), the antibody levels increased by about 2.5 folds between days 28 and 45, with minimal change in the neutralizing antibodies. In general, vaccination was well tolerated, and there were no group specific differences in post-vaccination symptomatology. Our data suggests that ChAdOx1 is highly immunogenic, particularly so where previous SARS CoV2 antibody-response is established. In such subjects, a single dose may be sufficient but in absence of such determination, both doses are required.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Survey among SARS-CoV-1 Infected Healthcare Workers after Three Years Post-Infection

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Szu-Wei Huang ◽  
Aspiro Nayim Urbina ◽  
Yi-Ming Arthur Chen ◽  
Sheng-Fan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Neutralization Ability

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are on the frontline fighting several infectious diseases including SARS-CoV-1 and COVID-19. Coronavirus neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) were recently reported to last for a certain period. The factors affecting nAbs’ existence remain unclear. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the factors correlating with nAbs’ from SARS-CoV-1 long-term convalescence HCWs in Taiwan. One hundred and thirty SARS-CoV-1 convalescent patients were recruited between August 2006 and March 2007. Blood samples were collected to determine the anti-nucleocapsid (N) and anti-spike (S) antibodies’ existence status and neutralization ability. Neutralization ability was measured using SARS-CoV-1 pseudotyped viruses. Statistical analysis of factors associated with anti-SARS-CoV-1 antibodies’ existence status was determined using SAS software. 46.2% SARS-CoV-1 convalescent patients presented anti-N antibody after three years post-infection. Among sixty participants, ten participants co-presented anti-S antibodies. Eight participants with anti-S antibody displayed neutralization ability to SARS-CoV-1. The gender, age, and disease severity of participants did not affect the anti-N antibody existence status, whereas the anti-S antibody is significantly reduced in participants with old age (>50 years, p = 0.0434) after three years post SARS-CoV-1 infection. This study suggests that age is an important factor correlated with the duration of SARS-CoV-1 protective antibody existence status.

scholarly journals Antibody Titer Kinetics and SARS-CoV-2 Infections Six Months after Administration with the BNT162b2 Vaccine

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1357
Author(s):  
Davide Ferrari ◽  
Nicola Clementi ◽  
Elena Criscuolo ◽  
Alessandro Ambrosi ◽  
Francesca Corea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Neutralization Activity ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Serum Antibody Titer

Background: Studies reporting the long-term humoral response after receiving the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine are important to drive future vaccination strategies. Yet, available literature is scarce. Covidiagnostix is a multicenter study designed to assess the antibody response in >1000 healthcare professionals (HCPs) who received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Methods: Serum was tested at time-0 (T0), before the first dose, T1, T2, and T3, respectively, 21, 42, and 180 days after T0. Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid-protein were measured to assess SARS-CoV-2 infections, whereas antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein were measured to assess the vaccine response. Neutralization activity against the D614G, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351 variants were also analyzed. Results: Six months post-vaccination HCPs showed an antibody titer decrease of approximately 70%, yet, the titer was still one order of magnitude higher than that of seropositive individuals before vaccination. We identified 12 post-vaccination infected HCPs. None showed severe symptoms. Interestingly, most of them showed titers at T2 above the neutralization thresholds obtained from the neutralization activity experiments. Conclusion: Vaccination induces a humoral response which is well detectable even six months post-vaccination. Vaccination prevents severe COVID-19 cases, yet post-vaccination infection is possible even in the presence of a high anti-S serum antibody titer.

scholarly journals Older Adults Mount Less Durable Humoral Responses to a Two-dose COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Regimen, but Strong Initial Responses to a Third Dose

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis M. Mwimanzi ◽  
Hope R. Lapointe ◽  
Peter K. Cheung ◽  
Yurou Sang ◽  
Fatima Yaseen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Chronic Health Conditions ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Antibody Decline ◽  
Over Time

Background. Two-dose mRNA vaccines reduce COVID-19 related hospitalization and mortality, but immune protection declines over time. As such, third vaccine doses are now recommended, particularly for older adults. We examined immune response durability up to 6 months after two vaccine doses, and immunogenicity after a third vaccine dose, in 151 adults ranging in age from 24 to 98 years. Methods. Specimens were collected from 81 healthcare workers (median age 41 years), 56 older adults (median 78 years) and 14 COVID-19 convalescent individuals (median 48 years), at one, three and six months following the second dose, and from 15 HCW, 28 older adults and 3 convalescent individuals at one month following a third dose. Binding antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain were quantified using a commercial immunoassay. Virus neutralizing activity was assessed using a live SARS-CoV-2 infection assay. Results. Compared to healthcare workers, older adults displayed ~0.3 log10 lower peak binding antibodies one month after the second dose (p<0.0001) and modestly faster rates of antibody decline thereafter (p=0.0067). A higher burden of chronic health conditions was independently associated with faster rates of antibody decline after correction for age, sociodemographic factors, and vaccine-related variables. Peak neutralizing activity was 4-fold lower in older adults one month after the second dose (p<0.0001) and became undetectable in the majority of individuals by six months. One month after a third dose, binding antibodies and neutralizing activities surpassed peak values achieved after two doses in both healthcare workers and older adults, and differences between these groups were no longer statistically significant. Compared to both naive groups, convalescent individuals displayed slower rates of binding antibody decline (p<0.006) and maintained higher neutralizing activity six months after the second dose. Conclusions. Immune responses to two-dose COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are overall weaker in older adults, and also decline more quickly over time, compared to younger adults. A third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose enhanced binding and neutralizing antibodies to levels higher than those observed after two vaccine doses, but the rate of decline of these responses should be monitored, particularly in older adults with a higher burden of chronic health conditions.

scholarly journals Rapid detection of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants in post-vaccination sera

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Miyakawa ◽  
Sundararaj Stanleyraj Jeremiah ◽  
Hideaki Kato ◽  
Yutaro Yamaoka ◽  
Hirofumi Go ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Prototype Virus ◽  
Wide Testing

The uncontrolled spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the emergence of different SARS-CoV-2 variants across the globe. The ongoing global vaccination strategy to curtail the COVID-19 juggernaut, is threatened by the rapidly spreading Variants of Concern (VOC) and other regional mutants, which are less responsive to neutralization by infection or vaccine derived antibodies. We have previously developed the hiVNT system which detects SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in sera in less than three hours. In this study, we modify the hiVNT for rapid qualitative screening of neutralizing antibodies (nAb) to multiple variants of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2, and assess the neutralizing efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine on seven epidemiologically relevant SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here we show that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine can activate humoral immunity against the major SARS-CoV-2 mutants that are currently in circulation. Albeit a small sample size, we observed that one dose of vaccine was sufficient to elicit a protective humoral response in previously infected people. Using a panel of seven SARS-CoV-2 variants and a single prototype virus, our modified hiVNT would be useful for large-scale community wide testing to detect protective immunity that may confer vaccine/immune passport in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

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