scholarly journals Determination of Speed-Dependent Roadway Luminance for an Adequate Feeling of Safety at Nighttime Driving

Vehicles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-839
Author(s):  
Anil Erkan ◽  
Sebastian Babilon ◽  
David Hoffmann ◽  
Timo Singer ◽  
Tsoni Vitkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Static Case ◽  
Brightness Perception ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Nighttime Driving

The purpose of this work is to determine as a function of velocity the minimal roadway luminance that is required to be judged as being bright enough for a driver to perform a nighttime driving task with an adequate feeling of safety. In this context, it shall also be evaluated which areas of the vehicle forefield are most crucial for the driver’s general brightness perception. A field study with 23 subjects and dimmable LED headlights was conducted, in which the subjects were given the task to assess their perceived brightness for different luminance levels caused by the headlights’ low-beam distribution in the vehicle’s forefield on a 5-step rating scale. The experiments were repeated for three different driving velocities of 0 km h−1 (static case), 30 km h−1, and 60 km h−1, respectively. Results for the static case indicate that, for the roadway to be perceived as bright enough by 50% of the subjects, an average roadway luminance of 0.88 cd m−2 is required in an area up to 32 m in front of the vehicle. Furthermore, a significant effect of driving speed is observed. For example, at 60 km h−1, the luminance must be increased to 1.54 cd m−2 to be still perceived as sufficiently bright by 50% of the subjects.

Characterizing the Placebo Response in Adults With ADHD

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Ben-Sheetrit ◽  
Miriam Peskin ◽  
Jeffrey H. Newcorn ◽  
Yaron Daniely ◽  
Liat Shbiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Placebo Response ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Analysis ◽  
Current Sample

Objective: Several ADHD pharmacological trials reported high placebo response (PR) rates. This study aims to characterize the PR in adult ADHD. Method: A retrospective cohort analysis of the placebo arm (140 adults with ADHD, 18-55 yrs, M:F 46.4%-53.6%) of a 6-week randomized, multicenter, double-blind metadoxine study, using Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), was conducted. Results: Pre–post changes in placebo-treated adults were significant for both the CAARS and ASRS, F(2.9, 404.5) = 61.2, p < .00001, F(2.8, 383.0) = 43.1, p < .00001, respectively. Less than half of the participants had a PR which began early in treatment and persisted; almost 50% had a variable, inconsistent PR. Conclusion: In the current sample, PR in adult ADHD was prominent on both symptom scales and the investigator–rater instrument. Therefore, using investigator ratings as a primary endpoint does not necessarily attenuate PR. Of note, about half of the PR is variable, suggesting unreliable determination of efficacy.

P.2.e.036 Determination of a Young Mania Rating Scale severity threshold and of the minimally clinical significant difference in the EMBLEM cohort

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. S469
Author(s):  
M. Lukasiewicz ◽  
S. Gerard ◽  
A. Besnard ◽  
B. Falissard ◽  
E. Perrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Significant Difference

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS PAKAN PADA LAMBUNG IKAN SEPAT SIAM (Trichogaster pectoralis) DI RAWA BANJIRAN DESA SEDANG KECAMATAN SUAK TAPEH KABUPATEN BANYUASIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-175
Author(s):  
Ramadhan Ramadhan ◽  
Dian Mutiara ◽  
Indah Anggraini Yusanti
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Ecological Pressure

The research on the diversity of feed types in the snakeskin gouramy hull was carried out in August to Desember in swamp flood, Sedang village, Suak Tapeh subdistrict, Banyuasin District. The method used is a field study with determination of stations carried out by purposive random sampling of 3 stations, namely the Nebong Kuning swamp station, the Poron swamp station and the Banan swamp station. This study aims to determine the diversity of feed types in the Sepat Siam fish hull in swamp flood, Sedang village, Suak Tapeh subdistrict, Banyuasin District. Based on the result of study found the type of feed in the sepat siam fish hull consisted of 2 groups, namely phytoplankton and zooplankton, which consisted of 5 classes namely Bacillariophyceae, Clorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Crustaceae and Maxillopoda. Based on the diversity index of the type of snakeskin gouramy hull in Nebong Kuning Swamp station, the Poron swamp station and the Banan swamp station are included in the medium category which indicates that the habitat of the aquatic environment in which the snakeskin gouramy live namely swamp flood, Sedang village, Suak Tapeh subdistrict, Banyuasin District quite balanced and moderate ecological pressure. Keywords : Diversity, Feed, Flood Swamp, Hull, Snakeskin Gouramy

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE VISIBILITY OF RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS AND ALTERNATIVE FORMS OF DELINEATION

Transport ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
John D. Bullough ◽  
Xiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Performance ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Geometric Conditions ◽  
Roadway Safety ◽  
Identification Threshold ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Relative Potential ◽  
Nighttime Driving ◽  
Transportation Agencies

Raised Pavement Markers (RPMs) are used by a number of transportation agencies with the objective of improving roadway safety, especially in complex roadway geometries and along wet roads. Because of maintenance and cost issues, many transportation agencies are exploring alternatives to RPMs such as wet reflective pavement tape and barrier-mounted reflective delineators. In order to assess the relative potential of these devices to contribute to nighttime driving safety, the luminances of new and used RPM samples from different manufacturers and having different colors and of several alternative delineation devices were measured in the laboratory using a range of geometric conditions relevant to the driving task. From these data, Luminances under representative low-beam headlight illumination were determined and these quantities were used to estimate driver visual performance. Large variations in luminance yielded relatively small differences in visual performance for a viewing distance of 100 m, primarily because of the plateau characteristic of visual performance. Differences in threshold visibility distances were greater, with distances at identification threshold for the devices measured ranging approximately from 150 to 400 m. Used RPMs had luminances 20…30% lower than new RPMs but similar visibility characteristics as new devices. The analysis method in this study may be useful for practitioners seeking to characterize the visual effectiveness of RPMs and other roadway delineation devices and systems.

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