scholarly journals Saccadic Suppression of Displacement Does Not Reflect a Saccade-Specific Bias to Assume Stability

Vision ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Sabine Born
Keyword(s):  
Visual Target ◽  
Target Position ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Saccadic Suppression ◽  
General Stability ◽  
Steady Fixation ◽  
Continuous Scale ◽  
Improved Performance

Across saccades, small displacements of a visual target are harder to detect and their directions more difficult to discriminate than during steady fixation. Prominent theories of this effect, known as saccadic suppression of displacement, propose that it is due to a bias to assume object stability across saccades. Recent studies comparing the saccadic effect to masking effects suggest that suppression of displacement is not saccade-specific. Further evidence for this account is presented from two experiments where participants judged the size of displacements on a continuous scale in saccade and mask conditions, with and without blanking. Saccades and masks both reduced the proportion of correctly perceived displacements and increased the proportion of missed displacements. Blanking improved performance in both conditions by reducing the proportion of missed displacements. Thus, if suppression of displacement reflects a bias for stability, it is not a saccade-specific bias, but a more general stability assumption revealed under conditions of impoverished vision. Specifically, I discuss the potentially decisive role of motion or other transient signals for displacement perception. Without transients or motion, the quality of relative position signals is poor, and saccadic and mask-induced suppression of displacement reflects performance when the decision has to be made on these signals alone. Blanking may improve those position signals by providing a transient onset or a longer time to encode the pre-saccadic target position.

Particle Engineering: Fundamentals of Particle Formation and Crystal Growth

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 881-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Y. Lee ◽  
Allan S. Myerson
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Particle Engineering ◽  
Particle Properties ◽  
Packing Arrangement ◽  
Form Development

AbstractThe engineering of particles with customized properties optimized for dosage form manufacture (tablet, capsule, ointment, etc.) has long been a goal of the pharmaceutical industry. Particles can be designed through modification in the size, morphology, and packing arrangement of the solids. The most common approach in achieving this is through crystallization. In this bottom-up process, the two main steps, nucleation and crystal growth, both play a decisive role in shaping the quality of the final crystalline product. In this review, the role of nucleation and crystal growth in controlling particle properties is discussed, and examples are provided that demonstrate the variation in solid-state properties as a function of size, habit (morphology), and internal structure of the particles. In addition, the role of particle properties in product performance and dosage form development of pharmaceuticals is also discussed.

Effectiveness of Verbal Praise as a Function of Expertise of its Source

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1283-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Catano
Keyword(s):  
Peer Group ◽  
Verbal Praise ◽  
Mirror Tracing ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Rate Of Improvement

Verbal praise was given 40 undergraduates who worked on a mirror-tracing task by an agent taking the role of experimenter, a member of the subject's peer group, or a peer with expertise on the task. Experimenter's praise improved performance most and peer's praise least; the expert peer's praise was intermediate. Verbal praise affected rate of improvement. The improvement in quality of performance was not at the expense of time needed to complete the task.

Egocentric visual target position and velocity coding: Role of ocular muscle proprioception

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel M. Gauthier ◽  
Jean-Louis Vercher ◽  
Jean Blouin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Target ◽  
Target Position ◽  
Muscle Proprioception ◽  
Ocular Muscle

scholarly journals INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL OF THE ORGANIZATION: ITS CONCEPT AND ESSENCE

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
E. B. Ermishina ◽  
E. V. Orel
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Ability To Work

The concept of human capital was introduced by Adam Smith and John Stuart Mill, who understood the quantity and quality of a person’s ability to work under him. In the scientific revolution this concept was introduced by D. Gilbert in the late 60’s. XX century. The theory of intellectual capital was further developed on the basis of the development of the theory of human capital. The article deals with modern concepts of human capital, which became the basis for substantiating the decisive role of a person, his abilities and potential in creating the value of a concrete organization and social progress. Much attention is paid to the structure of intellectual capital, which is represented by a combination of human, organizational and consumer capital; comparison of intellectual capital with physical is given.

Territorial Organization of Social Services in Central Russia: Shaping Features and Growth Drivers

10.12737/5224 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Бельчук ◽  
YElyena Byelchuk ◽  
Мариен ◽  
Lyudmila Mariyen
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Territorial Organization

The paper considers several issues concerning spatial organization and development of social services at both macro- and meso-levels; reveals how various social services branches affect economic activities of territories of differing ranks, which plays a decisive role in human resources reproduction and helps to improve life quality of people, involved directly in shaping human capital of the society. The role of Central Russia and its constituent regions in shaping and running the national social services system is highlighted; drivers of social services territorial organization at the national state nucleus are examined. Also the author defines directions for further development of social services at the macro-region level, conducive to improving performance within all economic sectors.

Cognitive Health Counseling 40+

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Eschen ◽  
Franzisca Zehnder ◽  
Mike Martin
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Pilot Phase ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Health Counseling ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Main Outcome Variable ◽  
Further Development

This article introduces Cognitive Health Counseling 40+ (CH.CO40+), an individualized intervention that is conceptually based on the orchestration model of quality-of-life management ( Martin & Kliegel, 2010 ) and aims at improving satisfaction with cognitive health in adults aged 40 years and older. We describe the theoretically deduced characteristics of CH.CO40+, its target group, its multifactorial nature, its individualization, the application of subjective and objective measures, the role of participants as agents of change, and the rationale for choosing participants’ satisfaction with their cognitive health as main outcome variable. A pilot phase with 15 middle-aged and six older adults suggests that CH.CO40+ attracts, and may be particularly suitable for, subjective memory complainers. Implications of the pilot data for the further development of the intervention are discussed.

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