Trophic Features, Benthic Recovery, and Dominance of the Invasive Mytilopsis Sallei in the Yundang Lagoon (Xiamen, China) Following Long-Term Restoration

A comprehensive set of physicochemical variables in near-bottom water and surface sediments, as well as the soft-bottom macrozoobenthic assemblages were investigated at six sites across the Yundang Lagoon (Southeast China) in November 2012. This lagoon was severely damaged in the 1970s due to domestic and industrial pollution and land reclamation and underwent a massive restoration effort over the past 30 years. Our objectives were to: (1) assess the current trophic and environmental condition of the lagoon; (2) investigate the pattern of spatial variation in the macrozoobenthic assemblages; and (3) assess the benthic recovery in relation to the main environmental gradients and the presence of invasive alien species. Nutrient, chlorophyll-a, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations were lower than those reported in previous decades, yet organically-enriched conditions occurred at an inner site. From azoic conditions in the 1980s and a few benthic species reported prior to this study, we found a significant increase in benthic diversity with 43 species heterogeneously distributed across the lagoon. The invasive bivalve Mytilopsis sallei was the dominant species, which was associated with the richest benthic assemblage. However, M. sallei is a pest species, and its spatiotemporal distribution should be carefully monitored. These results highlight the central role of the macrozoobenthos in providing important ecological information on the current status of the Yundang Lagoon and as an effective biological tool to follow the recovery’s progress and the future evolution of this highly valued ecosystem.

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Phenotypic plasticity as a long-term memory easing readaptations to ancestral environments

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.aba3388 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (21) ◽

pp. eaba3388 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wei-Chin Ho ◽

Diyan Li ◽

Qing Zhu ◽

Jianzhi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Reciprocal Transplant ◽

The Tibetan Plateau ◽

Future Evolution ◽

Egg Hatchability ◽

Plastic Changes ◽

Transcriptomic Changes

Phenotypic plasticity refers to environment-induced phenotypic changes without mutation and is present in all organisms. The role of phenotypic plasticity in organismal adaptations to novel environments has attracted much attention, but its role in readaptations to ancestral environments is understudied. To address this question, we use the reciprocal transplant approach to investigate the multitissue transcriptomes of chickens adapted to the Tibetan Plateau and adjacent lowland. While many genetic transcriptomic changes had occurred in the forward adaptation to the highland, plastic changes largely transform the transcriptomes to the preferred state when Tibetan chickens are brought back to the lowland. The same trend holds for egg hatchability, a key component of the chicken fitness. These findings, along with highly similar patterns in comparable experiments of guppies and Escherichia coli, demonstrate that organisms generally “remember” their ancestral environments via phenotypic plasticity and reveal a mechanism by which past experience affects future evolution.

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Coronary artery calcium score: current status

Radiologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/0100-3984.2015.0235 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 182-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Priscilla Ornellas Neves ◽

Joalbo Andrade ◽

Henry Monção

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Risk Stratification ◽

Coronary Artery Calcium ◽

Coronary Artery Calcium Score ◽

Calcium Score ◽

Current Status ◽

Major Cardiovascular Events ◽

Asymptomatic Patients

Abstract The coronary artery calcium score plays an Important role In cardiovascular risk stratification, showing a significant association with the medium- or long-term occurrence of major cardiovascular events. Here, we discuss the following: protocols for the acquisition and quantification of the coronary artery calcium score by multidetector computed tomography; the role of the coronary artery calcium score in coronary risk stratification and its comparison with other clinical scores; its indications, interpretation, and prognosis in asymptomatic patients; and its use in patients who are symptomatic or have diabetes.

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Critique of a Large-Scale Organ System Model: Guytonian Cardiovascular Model

Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control ◽

10.1115/1.3426929 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 97 (3) ◽

pp. 259-265

Author(s):

K. Sagawa

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Large Scale ◽

Renal Hypertension ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Sensitivity Tests ◽

Vascular Autoregulation

This paper reviews Guyton’s model which is large not only in the number of its components but also in the time scale that it spans. The evolution of this model is explained in three stages. Guyton started with a drastically simplified model of the entire cardiovascular system as a closed hydraulic loop. It accounted for short-term regulations of cardiac output with a special emphasis on the role of blood volume and the vascular capacity. Guyton’s research objective was then directed toward the analysis of longterm regulation of arterial pressure. Two slowly acting mechanisms were considered as particularly important: (1) the marked increase or decrease of urinary output with only slight increase or decrease in arterial pressure (the renal function curve in the Guytonian model) and (2) long-term vascular autoregulation which includes changes in the extent of vascularization as well as constriction or dilation of existing vessels to match the blood flow with the oxygen demand in tissues. This second-stage model explained the transient dynamics and steady equilibrium of renal hypertension. The current version of Guyton’s model incorporates a variety of additional endocrine and neural mechanisms which parametrically control the renal function curve. With the enormous growth, the identification (or estimation) capability of the model is bound to degrade while its use for multiple parameter sensitivity tests expands. The modeller’s group has attempted to minimize the hazards by frequent checks of model predictions with experimental studies. This interactive effort, plus their concern over these long-term regulatory mechanisms, make the Guytonian model a unique venture in modern cardiovascular physiology.

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Long-Term Management After Variceal Bleed — The Current Role of Sclerotherapy

HPB Surgery ◽

10.1155/1991/74906 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 5-10

Author(s):

P. C. Bornman ◽

J. E. J. Krige ◽

J. P. Dunn ◽

J. Terblanche

Keyword(s):

Management Strategy ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Current Status ◽

Injection Sclerotherapy ◽

Acute Variceal Bleeding ◽

Variceal Bleed ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

Term Management

While injection sclerotherapy has been accepted as the treatment of choice for acute variceal bleeding, its role as a definitive long-term treatment modality has not yet been clearly defined. This paper will critically analyse the current status of this technique, now widely used, and a comparison will be made with conventional medical management. The review will be based on the 10 years' Cape Town experience and the published series on this subject. A long-term management strategy will also be discussed.

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The Role of Lithium in the Affective Disorders

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.3109/00048679609065036 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 715-719 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gordon Johnson

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Affective Disorder ◽

Affective Disorders ◽

Clinical Monitoring ◽

Potential Usefulness ◽

Current Status ◽

Long Term Effects

The current status of lithium in the treatment of mania and recurrent affective disorder is considered. The potential usefulness of lithium in clinical practice is not being realised. There is a need for information on clinical monitoring practices in the community. Long-term effects of lithium on renal function are reviewed and guidelines for monitoring are presented.

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The Use Of A Financial Trading Room To Develop Risk Management Competency

Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC) ◽

10.19030/tlc.v3i9.1685 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Ashley Lyman ◽

Robert W. Stone

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Experiential Learning ◽

Management Education ◽

Current Status ◽

Anecdotal Evidence ◽

Financial Trading ◽

Management Competency

The use of a financial trading room and its role in financial trading and risk management education are presented. The program makes use of experiential learning to aid students in the development of competency in financial trading by coupling knowledge with skill. The current status of program features and curriculum are presented first along with anecdotal evidence of its impacts on students. Next the immediate changes planned for the program are presented along with the long term objectives for the program. Conclusions regarding the role of financial trading in providing experiential learning and its impacts on students are presented last.

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Strong linkages between depth, longevity and demographic stability across marine sessile species

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2017.2688 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 285 (1873) ◽

pp. 20172688 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

I. Montero-Serra ◽

C. Linares ◽

D. F. Doak ◽

J. B. Ledoux ◽

J. Garrabou

Keyword(s):

Life Histories ◽

Environmental Gradients ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Maximum Lifespan ◽

Disturbance Intensity ◽

Evolution Of Life ◽

Extreme Longevity

Understanding the role of the environment in shaping the evolution of life histories remains a major challenge in ecology and evolution. We synthesize longevity patterns of marine sessile species and find strong positive relationships between depth and maximum lifespan across multiple sessile marine taxa, including corals, bivalves, sponges and macroalgae. Using long-term demographic data on marine sessile and terrestrial plant species, we show that extreme longevity leads to strongly dampened population dynamics. We also used detailed analyses of Mediterranean red coral, with a maximum lifespan of 532 years, to explore the life-history patterns of long-lived taxa and the vulnerability to external mortality sources that these characteristics can create. Depth-related environmental gradients—including light, food availability, temperature and disturbance intensity—drive highly predictable distributions of life histories that, in turn, have predictable ecological consequences for the dynamics of natural populations.

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Psychological Resilience Provides No Independent Protection From Suicidal Risk

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000364 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 130-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Danica W. Y. Liu ◽

A. Kate Fairweather-Schmidt ◽

Richard Burns ◽

Rachel M. Roberts ◽

Kaarin J. Anstey

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Well Being ◽

Current Status ◽

Psychological Resilience ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Life Project ◽

Resilience Factors ◽

First Time

Abstract. Background: Little is known about the role of resilience in the likelihood of suicidal ideation (SI) over time. Aims: We examined the association between resilience and SI in a young-adult cohort over 4 years. Our objectives were to determine whether resilience was associated with SI at follow-up or, conversely, whether SI was associated with lowered resilience at follow-up. Method: Participants were selected from the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Project from Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia, aged 28–32 years at the first time point and 32–36 at the second. Multinomial, linear, and binary regression analyses explored the association between resilience and SI over two time points. Models were adjusted for suicidality risk factors. Results: While unadjusted analyses identified associations between resilience and SI, these effects were fully explained by the inclusion of other suicidality risk factors. Conclusion: Despite strong cross-sectional associations, resilience and SI appear to be unrelated in a longitudinal context, once risk/resilience factors are controlled for. As independent indicators of psychological well-being, suicidality and resilience are essential if current status is to be captured. However, the addition of other factors (e.g., support, mastery) makes this association tenuous. Consequently, resilience per se may not be protective of SI.

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