scholarly journals A Modeling Approach for Assessing Groundwater Resources of a Large Coral Island under Future Climate and Population Conditions: Gan Island, Maldives

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng ◽  
Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Large Coral ◽  
Coral Island ◽  
Coral Islands

This study assesses the future groundwater supply of a large coral island, Gan Island, Republic of Maldives, under influences of rainfall patterns, sea level rise, and population growth. The method described in this paper can be used to estimate the future groundwater supply of other coral islands. Gan is the largest inhabited island (598 ha) of the Republic of Maldives with a population of approximately 4500. An accurate estimate of groundwater supply in the coming decades is important for island water security measures. To quantify future groundwater volumes in Gan, a three-dimensional, density-dependent groundwater and solute transport model was created using the SUTRA (Saturated Unsaturated Transport) modeling code. The Gan model was tested against observed groundwater salinity concentrations and then run for the 2012–2050 period to compare scenarios of future rainfall (from General Circulation Models), varying rates of population growth (i.e., groundwater pumping), and sea level rise. Results indicate that the total fresh groundwater volume increases approximately 20% if only future rainfall patterns are considered. If moderate pumping is included (2% annual population growth rate), the volume increases only by 13%; with aggressive pumping (9% annual population growth rate), the volume decreases by 24%. Sea level rise and associated shoreline recession leads to an additional 15–20% decrease in lens thickness and lens volume. Results can be used to make decisions about water resource management on Gan and other large coral islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Methods used herein can be applied to any coral island to explore future groundwater security.

scholarly journals Evolutionary demography of agricultural expansion in preindustrial northern Finland

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1794) ◽  
pp. 20141559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuli Helle ◽  
Jon E. Brommer ◽  
Jenni E. Pettay ◽  
Virpi Lummaa ◽  
Matti Enbuske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Evolutionary Demography ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Major Turning Point

A shift from nomadic foraging to sedentary agriculture was a major turning point in human evolutionary history, increasing our population size and eventually leading to the development of modern societies. We however lack understanding of the changes in life histories that contributed to the increased population growth rate of agriculturalists, because comparable individual-based reproductive records of sympatric populations of agriculturalists and foragers are rarely found. Here, we compared key life-history traits and population growth rate using comprehensive data from the seventieth to nineteenth century Northern Finland: indigenous Sami were nomadic hunter-fishers and reindeer herders, whereas sympatric agricultural Finns relied predominantly on animal husbandry. We found that agriculture-based families had higher lifetime fecundity, faster birth spacing and lower maternal mortality. Furthermore, agricultural Finns had 6.2% higher annual population growth rate than traditional Sami, which was accounted by differences between the subsistence modes in age-specific fecundity but not in mortality. Our results provide, to our knowledge, the most detailed demonstration yet of the demographic changes and evolutionary benefits that resulted from agricultural revolution.

scholarly journals Is Lahore's urban system ready to sustain climate change? The case in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shafaat Nawaz ◽  
Saqlain Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Current System ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Annual Population

Lahore, the second largest city of Pakistan and home to more than 12 million people with annual population growth rate of 2.4%, has experienced deadly smog duration since last three years. Climate Change is a global challenge and administrations in major cities around the globe have started addressing the issue on top level. Lahore has also seen establishment and operation of various public sector institutions/offices which explicitly or implicitly claim to help Lahore sustain changing needs of urban system due to climate change. However, little is documented yet whether how effective have these interventions been at institutional level. This paper investigates policies, plans, procedures and regulations (whichever available) for seven relevant government offices on the basis of five key assessment areas to explore whether Lahore’s urban system is ready to sustain the challenge of Climate Change. The investigation covers the debate on policy to the plan level. Institutional abilities of selected government offices have been analyzed to ascertain their efficacy. In essence; the capacity of current system has been documented, the gaps in the system have been outlined and the prospective solutions for the way forward have been suggested in this study.

THE LEADERIN ZERO POPULATION GROWTH?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. A102-A102
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Zero Population Growth

Japan posted its lowest annual population growth rate since a government survey began in 1968, the Home Affairs Ministry reported. The increasing role of women in the work place and the high cost of educating children were major reasons for the sluggish 0.33% annual growth rate, an official said. The lowest previous rate was 0.38% in 1989, and the high was 2.22% in 1973. The latest report, for the year ended March 31, listed Japan's population at 122.7 million.

scholarly journals Biological scaling in green algae: the role of cell size and geometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Bestová ◽  
Jules Segrestin ◽  
Klaus von Schwartzenberg ◽  
Pavel Škaloud ◽  
Thomas Lenormand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Internal Diffusion ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Power Scaling ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Metabolic Scaling ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Size And Morphology

AbstractThe Metabolic Scaling Theory (MST), hypothesizes limitations of resource-transport networks in organisms and predicts their optimization into fractal-like structures. As a result, the relationship between population growth rate and body size should follow a cross-species universal quarter-power scaling. However, the universality of metabolic scaling has been challenged, particularly across transitions from bacteria to protists to multicellulars. The population growth rate of unicellulars should be constrained by external diffusion, ruling nutrient uptake, and internal diffusion, operating nutrient distribution. Both constraints intensify with increasing size possibly leading to shifting in the scaling exponent. We focused on unicellular algae Micrasterias. Large size and fractal-like morphology make this species a transitional group between unicellular and multicellular organisms in the evolution of allometry. We tested MST predictions using measurements of growth rate, size, and morphology-related traits. We showed that growth scaling of Micrasterias follows MST predictions, reflecting constraints by internal diffusion transport. Cell fractality and density decrease led to a proportional increase in surface area with body mass relaxing external constraints. Complex allometric optimization enables to maintain quarter-power scaling of population growth rate even with a large unicellular plan. Overall, our findings support fractality as a key factor in the evolution of biological scaling.

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