THE LEADERIN ZERO POPULATION GROWTH?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. A102-A102
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Zero Population Growth

Japan posted its lowest annual population growth rate since a government survey began in 1968, the Home Affairs Ministry reported. The increasing role of women in the work place and the high cost of educating children were major reasons for the sluggish 0.33% annual growth rate, an official said. The lowest previous rate was 0.38% in 1989, and the high was 2.22% in 1973. The latest report, for the year ended March 31, listed Japan's population at 122.7 million.

scholarly journals Fall supplemental feeding increases population growth rate of an endangered caribou herd

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10708
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Heard ◽  
Kathryn L. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Supplemental Feeding ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
The Impact

Most woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) populations are declining primarily because of unsustainable predation resulting from habitat-mediated apparent competition. Wolf (Canis lupus) reduction is an effective recovery option because it addresses the direct effect of predation. We considered the possibility that the indirect effects of predation might also affect caribou population dynamics by adversely affecting summer foraging behaviour. If spring and/or summer nutrition was inadequate, then supplemental feeding in fall might compensate for that limitation and contribute to population growth. Improved nutrition and therefore body condition going into winter could increase adult survival and lead to improved reproductive success the next spring. To test that hypothesis, we fed high-quality food pellets to free-ranging caribou in the Kennedy Siding caribou herd each fall for six years, starting in 2014, to see if population growth rate increased. Beginning in winter 2015–16, the Province of British Columbia began a concurrent annual program to promote caribou population increase by attempting to remove most wolves within the Kennedy Siding and the adjacent caribou herds’ ranges. To evaluate the impact of feeding, we compared lambdas before and after feeding began, and to the population trend in the adjacent Quintette herd over the subsequent four years. Supplemental feeding appeared to have an incremental effect on population growth. Population growth of the Kennedy Siding herd was higher in the year after feeding began (λ = 1.06) compared to previous years (λ = 0.91) and to the untreated Quintette herd (λ = 0.95). Average annual growth rate of the Kennedy Siding herd over the subsequent four years, where both feeding and wolf reduction occurred concurrently, was higher than in the Quintette herd where the only management action in those years was wolf reduction (λ = 1.16 vs. λ = 1.08). The higher growth rate of the Kennedy Siding herd was due to higher female survival (96.2%/yr vs. 88.9%/yr). Many caribou were in relatively poor condition in the fall. Consumption of supplemental food probably improved their nutritional status which ultimately led to population growth. Further feeding experiments on other caribou herds using an adaptive management approach would verify the effect of feeding as a population recovery tool. Our results support the recommendation that multiple management actions should be implemented to improve recovery prospects for caribou.

scholarly journals Population growth rates: issues and an application

2002 ◽  
Vol 357 (1425) ◽  
pp. 1307-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Charles J. Godfray ◽  
Mark Rees
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable Strategy ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Population Growth Rates

Current issues in population dynamics are discussed in the context of The Royal Society Discussion Meeting 'Population growth rate: determining factors and role in population regulation'. In particular, different views on the centrality of population growth rates to the study of population dynamics and the role of experiments and theory are explored. Major themes emerging include the role of modern statistical techniques in bringing together experimental and theoretical studies, the importance of long-term experimentation and the need for ecology to have model systems, and the value of population growth rate as a means of understanding and predicting population change. The last point is illustrated by the application of a recently introduced technique, integral projection modelling, to study the population growth rate of a monocarpic perennial plant, its elasticities to different life-history components and the evolution of an evolutionarily stable strategy size at flowering.

Role of Microfinance Banks in Provision of Credit for Poverty Reduction in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 132-145
Author(s):  
Kamran Raiysat ◽  
Humaira Younas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Compound Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Returns On Investment

Microfinance banks started their operations in Pakistan in 2000 and have been working over the years. This chapter mainly considers microfinance bank growth in the provision of credit for poverty reduction. Six hypotheses are developed to address the main issues under investigation in this study. Secondary data is used to calculate compound annual growth rate for the period 2011–2015. Results showed growth in microfinance banks (total assets and branch network) and provision of loans/credit (customers, gross advances, net advances and advance per customer). For better returns on investment and economic development, further investment is suggested in the same sector.

scholarly journals A Modeling Approach for Assessing Groundwater Resources of a Large Coral Island under Future Climate and Population Conditions: Gan Island, Maldives

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng ◽  
Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Groundwater Supply ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Large Coral ◽  
Coral Island ◽  
Coral Islands

This study assesses the future groundwater supply of a large coral island, Gan Island, Republic of Maldives, under influences of rainfall patterns, sea level rise, and population growth. The method described in this paper can be used to estimate the future groundwater supply of other coral islands. Gan is the largest inhabited island (598 ha) of the Republic of Maldives with a population of approximately 4500. An accurate estimate of groundwater supply in the coming decades is important for island water security measures. To quantify future groundwater volumes in Gan, a three-dimensional, density-dependent groundwater and solute transport model was created using the SUTRA (Saturated Unsaturated Transport) modeling code. The Gan model was tested against observed groundwater salinity concentrations and then run for the 2012–2050 period to compare scenarios of future rainfall (from General Circulation Models), varying rates of population growth (i.e., groundwater pumping), and sea level rise. Results indicate that the total fresh groundwater volume increases approximately 20% if only future rainfall patterns are considered. If moderate pumping is included (2% annual population growth rate), the volume increases only by 13%; with aggressive pumping (9% annual population growth rate), the volume decreases by 24%. Sea level rise and associated shoreline recession leads to an additional 15–20% decrease in lens thickness and lens volume. Results can be used to make decisions about water resource management on Gan and other large coral islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Methods used herein can be applied to any coral island to explore future groundwater security.

scholarly journals Evolutionary demography of agricultural expansion in preindustrial northern Finland

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1794) ◽  
pp. 20141559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuli Helle ◽  
Jon E. Brommer ◽  
Jenni E. Pettay ◽  
Virpi Lummaa ◽  
Matti Enbuske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Agricultural Revolution ◽  
Evolutionary Demography ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Major Turning Point

A shift from nomadic foraging to sedentary agriculture was a major turning point in human evolutionary history, increasing our population size and eventually leading to the development of modern societies. We however lack understanding of the changes in life histories that contributed to the increased population growth rate of agriculturalists, because comparable individual-based reproductive records of sympatric populations of agriculturalists and foragers are rarely found. Here, we compared key life-history traits and population growth rate using comprehensive data from the seventieth to nineteenth century Northern Finland: indigenous Sami were nomadic hunter-fishers and reindeer herders, whereas sympatric agricultural Finns relied predominantly on animal husbandry. We found that agriculture-based families had higher lifetime fecundity, faster birth spacing and lower maternal mortality. Furthermore, agricultural Finns had 6.2% higher annual population growth rate than traditional Sami, which was accounted by differences between the subsistence modes in age-specific fecundity but not in mortality. Our results provide, to our knowledge, the most detailed demonstration yet of the demographic changes and evolutionary benefits that resulted from agricultural revolution.

scholarly journals Is Lahore's urban system ready to sustain climate change? The case in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shafaat Nawaz ◽  
Saqlain Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Current System ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Annual Population

Lahore, the second largest city of Pakistan and home to more than 12 million people with annual population growth rate of 2.4%, has experienced deadly smog duration since last three years. Climate Change is a global challenge and administrations in major cities around the globe have started addressing the issue on top level. Lahore has also seen establishment and operation of various public sector institutions/offices which explicitly or implicitly claim to help Lahore sustain changing needs of urban system due to climate change. However, little is documented yet whether how effective have these interventions been at institutional level. This paper investigates policies, plans, procedures and regulations (whichever available) for seven relevant government offices on the basis of five key assessment areas to explore whether Lahore’s urban system is ready to sustain the challenge of Climate Change. The investigation covers the debate on policy to the plan level. Institutional abilities of selected government offices have been analyzed to ascertain their efficacy. In essence; the capacity of current system has been documented, the gaps in the system have been outlined and the prospective solutions for the way forward have been suggested in this study.

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