scholarly journals An Intermittent Karst River: The Case of the Čikola River (Dinaric Karst, Croatia)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonacci ◽  
Terzić ◽  
Roje-Bonacci ◽  
Frangen
Keyword(s):  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Ephemeral Streams ◽  
Karst Spring ◽  
Dinaric Karst ◽  
Karst River ◽  
Spring Catchment ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
Karst Terrains ◽  
Hydrogeological Analysis

Intermittent and ephemeral streams (IRES) are responsible for transporting about half of the water on Earth’s surface. Their hydrological behavior is different in various landscapes. IRES are found more often in karst terrains than in any other regions, as a consequence of strong and direct interaction between groundwater and surface water. This paper presents a hydrogeological and hydrological analysis of the intermittent Čikola River and Spring catchment, which is located in deeply karstified and developed parts of the Dinaric karst in Croatia. Hydrological calculations determined that the catchment area covers approximately 300 km2 and very probably changes in accordance with rapid variations in groundwater level. The karst spring of the Čikola River is a cave, extracted for a public water supply with four drilled extraction wells. The results of the interrelated hydrological and hydrogeological analysis show interesting phenomena from an intermittent karst spring (cave) and its catchment, flowing downstream through a karst polje with several smaller confluences, then entering a karst canyon (where the river sinks during certain periods), and ending in an estuary before contributing to the larger Krka River. The research presented was based on water balance calculations, climatic and hydrological time series analyses, spring pumping tests, and thorough hydrogeological interpretation.

Karst spring catchment: an example from Dinaric karst

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 6211-6223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ognjen Bonacci ◽  
Ivo Andrić
Keyword(s):  
Karst Spring ◽  
Dinaric Karst ◽  
Spring Catchment

scholarly journals Calibration of a semi-distributed lumped karst system model and analysis of its sensitivity to climate conditions: the example of the Qachqouch karst spring (Lebanon)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Dubois ◽  
Joanna Doummar ◽  
Séverin Pistre ◽  
Marie Larocque
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Karst Aquifers ◽  
Karst Spring ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Lumped Model ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
Spring Flow

Abstract. Flow in complex karst aquifers is challenging to conceptualize, therefore to model for better management practices, especially in poorly investigated areas, in semi-arid climates, and under changing climatic conditions. The objective of this work is to propose a calibration approach based on time-series analyses for a karst aquifer and to assess the impact of changing climate conditions on the spring discharge. Based on more than three years of high-resolution continuous monitoring, a semi-distributed lumped model was calibrated and validated for the Qachqouch karst spring, north of Beirut (Lebanon). Time-series analyses and decomposition of spring hydrographs revealed that the system has a high regulatory function, with considerable storage capacity providing stable flow (minimum flow of 0.2 m3/s) during the dry season, and with flow rates exceeding 10 m3/s during the wet season, similar to other karst aquifers in the region. Based on this detailed understanding of the hydrodynamics of the system, the model geometry and parameters were validated. Three linear reservoirs were implemented to reproduce the combined contribution of the different flow components of the system. A satisfactory simulation (Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient = 0.72) of measured spring flow rates was obtained after calibration. Climate change conditions (+1 to +3 °C warming, −10 to −30 % less precipitation annually, and intensification of rain events) were added to a baseline climatic year to produce scenarios of expected spring flow responses. Results show that the Qachqouch karst aquifer is sensitive to decreasing rainfall, which is associated with more pronounced recessions, with flow rates decreasing by 34 % and 1-month longer dry periods. Because of the limited influence of snow on the spring flow rate, a warming climate has less impact on spring flow conditions than a reduction in precipitation. Although the model shows that increasing rainfall intensity induces larger floods, recessions and shorter low flow periods, the real impact of high-intensity precipitation events remains uncertain, since the model does not account for complex unsaturated and epikarst processes. This work shows that calibrating a semi-distributed lumped model using time series analysis can be an efficient approach to improve simulations of complex karst aquifers, thus providing useful models for long-term sustainable water management.

scholarly journals Invasion of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in a Dinaric karst river after formation of a new reservoir

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-537
Author(s):  
Krešimir Žganec ◽  
Jasna Lajtner ◽  
Stewart Schultz ◽  
Damir Valić
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Dinaric Karst ◽  
Karst River ◽  
New Reservoir

scholarly journals Karst flash floods: an example from the Dinaric karst (Croatia)

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Bonacci ◽  
I. Ljubenkov ◽  
T. Roje-Bonacci
Keyword(s):  
Flash Flood ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Dinaric Karst ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Sudden Rise ◽  
High Flood ◽  
Karst Terrains

Abstract. Flash floods constitute one of the deadliest and costliest natural disasters worldwide. This paper explains the karst flash flood phenomenon, which represents a special kind of flash flood. As the majority of flash floods karst flash floods are caused by intensive short-term precipitation in an area whose surface rarely exceeds a few square kilometres. The characteristics of all flash floods are their short duration, small areal extent, high flood peaks and rapid flows, and heavy loss of life and property. Karst flash floods have specific characteristics due to special conditions for water circulation, which exist in karst terrains. During karst flash floods a sudden rise of groundwater levels occurs, which causes the appearance of numerous, unexpected, abundant and temporary karst springs. This paper presents in detail an example of a karst flash flood in the Marina bay (Dinaric karst region of Croatia), which occurred in December 2004.

scholarly journals Water resources analysis of the Rječina karst spring and river (Dinaric karst)

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ognjen Bonacci ◽  
Maja Oštrić ◽  
Tanja Roje Bonacci
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Karst Spring ◽  
Dinaric Karst

scholarly journals Utilizing Precipitation and Spring Discharge Data to Identify Groundwater Quick Flow Belts in a Karst Spring Catchment

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2057-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixing An ◽  
Xingyuan Ren ◽  
Yonghong Hao ◽  
Tian-Chyi Jim Yeh ◽  
Baoju Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Spring Discharge ◽  
Karst Groundwater ◽  
Karst Spring ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Spring Catchment ◽  
Hydraulic Response

Abstract In karst terrains, fractures and conduits often occur in clusters, forming groundwater quick flow belts, which are the major passages of groundwater and solute transport. We propose a cost-effective method that utilizes precipitation and spring discharge data to identify groundwater quick flow belts by the multitaper method (MTM). In this paper, hydrological processes were regarded as the transformation of precipitation signals to spring discharge signals in a karst spring catchment. During the processes, karst aquifers played the role of signal filters. Only those signals with high energy could penetrate through aquifers and reflect in the spring discharge, while other weak signals were filtered out or altered by aquifers. Hence, MTM was applied to detect and reconstruct the signals that penetrate through aquifers. Subsequently, by analyzing the reconstructed signals of precipitation with those of spring discharge, we acquired the hydraulic response time and identified the quick flow belts. Finally, the methods were applied to the Niangziguan Spring (NS) catchment, China. Results showed that the hydraulic response time of the spring discharge to precipitation was 3 months at Pingding County; 4 months at Yuxian County, Yangquan City, Xiyang County, and Heshun County; and 27 months at Shouyang County and Zouquan County. These results suggested that Pingding County is located at a groundwater quick flow belt, which is a major passage of groundwater and contaminants, in the NS catchment. This is important since Pingding County is not only the key development area of karst groundwater but also the key conservation area for sustainable development of karst groundwater resources in NS catchment.

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