scholarly journals What Can We Learn from Planning Instruments in Flood Prevention? Comparative Illustration to Highlight the Challenges of Governance in Europe

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1841
Author(s):  
Mathilde Gralepois
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Flood Prevention ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Choice Of Instruments ◽  
Selection Of

Studying the selection of planning instruments in flood prevention can be critical to gain a better understanding of governance. This choice is underestimated in the flood management literature. This paper fills a knowledge gap in flood management governance by examining the rationales for the choice of instruments. The study is grounded on a comparative illustration of planning instruments in flood prevention in three European countries: England, France and the Netherlands. Flood prevention through spatial planning is a specific example, as the implementation of the Floods Directive has reactivated the role of spatial planning in urban agglomerations. The choice of instruments is never neutral. In the field of flood management, alignment among strategies is supposed to lead to resilience. Instruments should be aligned and coherent. Is that the case? The article explains the challenges of governance configured by a conflict between the spatial planning policy steered by local authorities and the risk prevention policy led by national authorities. This model is further complicated by the tension between the preference for legal, technical or scientific instruments, and the difference in professional culture between planning and prevention. The selection of instrument shows that if their conflicts are exacerbated to debates on variables or parameters, it is because there is no political agreement on the balance between development and security.

scholarly journals “Mysterious power of harmony...”: lessons of a simulation type in L.V. Shamrey’s scientific and methodological works

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
L.V. Derbentseva
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Literature Teaching ◽  
Literary Education ◽  
Content Selection ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of the article is to present the scientific and methodological ideas of Professor L.V. Shamrey’s, ScD in Education. The article focuses on the issues of modern lessons of Literature; the issues, related to the general and philological culture of the teacher, their professional skills to plan and structure one’s activities, rethink the goals and objectives of teaching in accordance with modern requirements. The article includes information on the all-Russian conference “Literary work in the context of artistic culture” (Nizhny Novgorod), dedicated to the memory of L.V. Shamrey. The article includes a substantial review of her monograph “The role of image-associative thinking in the development of the school pupil reader”. Describing the scientific direction headed by L.V. Shamrey, the author dwells in detail on the difference between the lessons of a simulation type and traditional literature lessons. The difference entails imagery as a principle of structuring educational activities, increased emotiveness, careful selection of content, higher complexity of tasks and accuracy of wording. In the article special attention is paid to the staged structure and organization of the lessons of a simulation type including the “birth” of an idea expressed in a metaphorical form, concept, principles of content selection, and description of the course of the lesson. Theoretically based ideas are supported by some examples of lessons from the practical experience of L.V. Shamrey’s. By way of conclusion, the author deduces that the introduction of the lessons of a simulation type into the literature teaching process is not a rejection of the traditional classical lesson. It’s an enrichment of the teacher’s professional culture which has a huge impact on the development of literary education in school and a certain degree of students’ freedom of reflection over the read piece of art.

scholarly journals Landscape as Connecting Link of Nature and Culture: Spatial Planning Policy Implications in Greece

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Sofia Kyvelou ◽  
Anestis Gourgiotis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Catalytic Role

The research paper investigates the diverse understandings of “landscape”, along with demonstrating the modes of contribution of the European Landscape Convention (ELC) of the Council of Europe (CE) in influencing national spatial planning systems. The paper, interested in considering the efficiency of landscape policy from a territorial perspective, briefly outlines the perception and understanding of landscape as connecting link of nature and culture and conducts a literature review with the aim to support the prospect of a «European model of landscape planning». Lastly, it critically examines the approach to landscape planning and management by the Greek state, revealing the catalytic role of the Council of Europe (CE) in activating the dimension of landscape in Greece, in a mutualistic perspective between environmental policy and spatial planning, mainly through strategic spatial planning tools (i.e., the Regional Spatial Plans, RSPs). The results point out that (a) the ELC gave new impetus to spatial planning in Greece, providing the tool to manage and coordinate landscape policy, positively influencing the evolving spatial planning paradigm; (b) the decentralized approach adopted, identified landscapes of particular value at a regional level, so as to be given priority in terms of the implementation of coordinated governance arrangements and management actions. However, the implementation of landscape policy continues to rely on the underlying spatial planning level (Local Spatial Plans, Special Spatial Plans) and a general conclusion is that both on land and on sea, it depends on the incorporation of evolutionary trends in planning including an evolutionary perspective for landscape itself, viewed as a complex social-ecological system.

Aplikasi Qirāāt Sebagai Petunjuk Dalam Tafsir Imam Al-Ṭabari: Kajian Surah Al-Baqarah

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Mujahid Ahmad Lutfi ◽  
Khairul Anuar Mohamad ◽  
Mohd Ikram Mohd Nawi ◽  
Muhammad Zaid Shamshul Kamar
Keyword(s):  
The Difference ◽  
Text Study ◽  
Selection Of

The difference of qirāāt in the recitation of the Qur'an is a semantic and guide to the mufassirin in the process of interpreting the Qur'an. The process of tafsir al-Quran that has been done by the mufassirin certainly cannot be separated from the discussion about the difference of qirāāt, because its contained in the recitation of al-Quran itself. This paper discusses the role of qirāāt on the side of Imam al-Ṭabari in his tafsir Jāmi ’al Bayān’ An Ta’wīl Āyi al-Quran. This research was conducted  through  the text of the book based on surah al-Baqarah. The selection of this surah is significant because usually mufassirin  make surah al-Baqarah as catalyst and stand in their book, based on the fact that it is the longest surah in the Quran and it is at the beginning after surah al-Fātiḥah. The type of research in this study is a library study and a book text study that has been conducted on tafsir Jāmi ’al-Bayān. The results of the analysis found that Imam al-Ṭabari presented qirāāt as a guide and semantic to the tafsir of the Qur’an. His methodology is based on the criteria of his choices in qiraat used between mutawātirah and syadhdhah, attributing qiraat to those who recite it, the role of tawjīh al-qirāāt in tafsir, and his commentary on the qirāāt mentioned by him.

The Role of Locking Plate Stiffness in Bone Fracture Healing Stabilized by Far Cortical Locking Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Miramini ◽  
Lihai Zhang ◽  
Martin Richardson ◽  
Priyan Mendis
Keyword(s):  
Bone Healing ◽  
Locking Plate ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Fracture Site ◽  
Bone Fracture Healing ◽  
Mechanical Stiffness ◽  
Interfragmentary Movement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

The locking plate fixations have been developed to enhance bone healing by wide bridging of the fracture and allowing some level of interfragmentary movement (IFM) at the fracture site. However, the IFM induced by conventional locking plate constructs is not uniform at the fracture site and so result in asymmetric callus formation, and ultimately delayed healing. The far cortical locking technique has been recently innovated to address this issue by inducing a uniform IFM. However, the far cortical locking technique is still in its infancy and more research efforts are required before its practical clinical application. Using the theory of porous media and computational methods, this study investigated the effectiveness of far cortical locking technique in presence of different mechanical stiffness of locking plate. The research outcomes indicate that the application of far cortical looking technique enhances IFM at near cortex, and so reduce the difference of IFM between near and far cortex. Further, it shows that, under far cortical locking technique, the bending stiffness of a locking plate plays an important role in bone healing. The use of a stiffer locking plate together with far cortical locking screws encourages more uniform tissue development across the fracture gap. The current research underlines the importance of the optimal selection of plate stiffness for application of far cortical locking technique.

scholarly journals Selection of criteria in pedestrian wind comfort assessment

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 005-013
Author(s):  
Renata Gnatowska
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Gust Factor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Discomfort Threshold ◽  
Wind Comfort ◽  
Comfort Criteria ◽  
Selection Of

Wind comfort in an built-up areas may be affected by a wide range of parameters, including wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, air quality, human activity, age, etc. In practice, the assessment of the pedestrian comfort is carried out on the basis of the indexes defined to a considerably smaller number of parameters. Generally it is a criterion of wind velocity with the probability of exceeding the assumed discomfort threshold. This article discusses issues of spatial planning built-up areas including wind comfort criteria. The article pointed out the role of criteria adopted in estimation of discomfort areas. An important role is played here the value of the amplitude of the gust factor g. The attention was also drawn to the strong time variability of discomfort zones especially in areas close to buildings.

The role of differential phase contrast in electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
E.M. Waddell ◽  
J.N. Chapman ◽  
R.P. Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Differential Phase ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Differential Phase Contrast ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position ◽  
First Moment

Dekkers and de Lang (1977) have discussed a practical method of realising differential phase contrast in a STEM. The method involves taking the difference signal from two semi-circular detectors placed symmetrically about the optic axis and subtending the same angle (2α) at the specimen as that of the cone of illumination. Such a system, or an obvious generalisation of it, namely a quadrant detector, has the characteristic of responding to the gradient of the phase of the specimen transmittance. In this paper we shall compare the performance of this type of system with that of a first moment detector (Waddell et al.1977).For a first moment detector the response function R(k) is of the form R(k) = ck where c is a constant, k is a position vector in the detector plane and the vector nature of R(k)indicates that two signals are produced. This type of system would produce an image signal given bywhere the specimen transmittance is given by a (r) exp (iϕ (r), r is a position vector in object space, ro the position of the probe, ⊛ represents a convolution integral and it has been assumed that we have a coherent probe, with a complex disturbance of the form b(r-ro) exp (iζ (r-ro)). Thus the image signal for a pure phase object imaged in a STEM using a first moment detector is b2 ⊛ ▽ø. Note that this puts no restrictions on the magnitude of the variation of the phase function, but does assume an infinite detector.

Faculty selection of textbooks: Key variables and the role of teaching experience

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aja Taitano ◽  
Bradley Smith ◽  
Cade Hulbert ◽  
Kristin Batten ◽  
Lalania Woodstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Faculty Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression (Sponsor: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg)

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Mtor Inhibitor ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Expert Meeting ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractImmunosuppression permits graft survival after transplantation and consequently a longer and better life. On the other hand, it increases the risk of infection, for instance with cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, the various available immunosuppressive therapies differ in this regard. One of the first clinical trials using de novo everolimus after kidney transplantation [1] already revealed a considerably lower incidence of CMV infection in the everolimus arms than in the mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) arm. This result was repeatedly confirmed in later studies [2–4]. Everolimus is now considered a substance with antiviral properties. This article is based on the expert meeting “Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression”. The expert panel called for a paradigm shift: In a CMV prevention strategy the targeted selection of the immunosuppressive therapy is also a key element. For patients with elevated risk of CMV, mTOR inhibitor-based immunosuppression is advantageous as it is associated with a significantly lower incidence of CMV events.

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