scholarly journals The Potential Use of Geophysical Methods to Identify Cavities, Sinkholes and Pathways for Water Infiltration

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawar Hussain ◽  
Rogerio Uagoda ◽  
Welitom Borges ◽  
José Nunes ◽  
Omar Hamza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Geophysical Techniques ◽  
Karst Systems ◽  
Ground Penetrating

The use of geophysical characterization of karst systems can provide an economical and non-invasive alternative for extracting information about cavities, sinkholes, pathways for water infiltration as well as the degree of karstification of underlying carbonate rocks. In the present study, three geophysical techniques, namely, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLFEM) methods were applied at three different locations in relation to fluvial karst, which is listed as an environmentally sensitive area in Rio Vermelho, Mambaí, Goiás, Brazil. In the data acquisition phase, the GPR, direct-current (DC) resistivity and VLFEM profiles were obtained at the three locations in the area. Data were analyzed using commonly adopted processing workflows. The GPR results showed a well-defined lithology of the site based on the amplitude of the signal and radar typologies. On the other hand, the inverted resistivity cross-sections showed a three-layered stratigraphy, pathways of water infiltration and the weathered structures in carbonate (Bambui group). The interpretation of VLFEM as contours of current density resulted from Fraser and Karous–Hjelt filters, indicated the presence of conductive structures (high apparent current density) that might be linked to the weathered carbonate and other conductive and resistive anomalies associated with the water-filled and dry cavities (cave), respectively. The results encourage the integrated application of geophysical techniques such as the reconnaissance for further detailed characterization of the karst areas.

scholarly journals Multiple Geophysical Techniques for Investigation and Monitoring of Sobradinho Landslide, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawar Hussain ◽  
Martin Cardenas-Soto ◽  
Salvatore Martino ◽  
Cesar Moreira ◽  
Welitom Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Dynamic Monitoring ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Sliding Surface ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Geophysical Techniques ◽  
Short Time

Geophysical methods have a varying degree of potential for detailed characterization of landslides and their dynamics. In this study, the application of four well-established seismic-based geophysical techniques, namely Ambient Noise Interferometry (ANI), Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR), Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) and Nanoseismic Monitoring (NM), were considered to examine their suitability for landslide characterization and monitoring the effect of seasonal variation on slope mass. Furthermore, other methods such as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and DC Resistivity through Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) were also used for comparison purpose. The advantages and limitations of these multiple techniques were exemplified by a case study conducted on Sobradinho landslide in Brazil. The study revealed that the geophysical characterization of the landslide using traditional techniques (i.e., GPR, ERT and MASW) were successful in (i) the differentiation between landslide debris and other Quaternary deposits, and (ii) the delineation of the landslide sliding surface. However, the innovative seismic based techniques, particularly ambient noise based (HVSR and ANI) and emitted seismic based (NM), were not very effective for the dynamic monitoring of landslide, which might be attributed to the short-time duration of the data acquisition campaigns. The HVSR was also unsuccessful in landslide site characterization i.e., identification of geometry and sliding surface. In particular, there was no clear evidence of the light seasonal variations, which could have been potentially detected from the physical parameters during the (short-time) ambient noise and microseismic acquisition campaigns. Nevertheless, the experienced integration of these geophysical techniques may provide a promising tool for future applications.

The non-invasive characterization of pumping-induced dewatering using ground penetrating radar

2003 ◽  
Vol 281 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Bevan ◽  
Anthony L. Endres ◽  
David L. Rudolph ◽  
Gary Parkin
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Identification, investigation and classification of surface depressions and chalk dissolution features using integrated LiDAR and geophysical methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Elizabeth Jeffery ◽  
Stephen Penn ◽  
David Peter Giles ◽  
Linley Hastewell
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Geophysical Techniques ◽  
Karstic Features ◽  
Ground Penetrating

The chalk bedrock of the Hampshire Basin, southern England is an important aquifer and is highly susceptible to dissolution, making the development and presence of karstic features a widespread occurrence. These features are hazardous because they provide possible pathways to the underlying aquifer and therefore present potential site-specific contamination risks. There is also evidence of extensive extraction, through both mining and surface quarrying, of chalk, flint and clay over many centuries. Geophysical techniques consisting of electromagnetic (EM31) and ground-penetrating radar surveys were used to identify and characterize target features identified from desk study data. The ground-penetrating radar and EM31 interpretations allowed the classification of non-anthropogenic target features, such as diffuse buried sinkholes with disturbed and subsiding clay-rich infill and varying symmetrical and asymmetrical morphologies. We describe here the investigations of such features identified at Holme Farm, Stansted House, Hampshire. The combination of EM31 data and ground-penetrating radar profiles facilitated the identification of a palaeovalley, cavities and irregular rockhead. This investigation identified locations of aquifer contamination risk as some sinkholes have been sites for the illegal dumping of waste or the infiltration of fertilizers, leaking sewage pipes or animal waste. This potential source of contamination utilizes the sinkhole as a pathway into the highly transmissive White Chalk Subgroup of Hampshire and has caused contamination of the aquifer. We conclude that our integrated approach of geophysical techniques linked to aerial photographs and LiDAR image interpretation was highly effective in the location and characterization of dissolution structures, infilled former quarries and mining features at this site.

scholarly journals Geomorphology Characterization of Ica Basin and Its Influence on the Dynamic Response of Soils for Urban Seismic Hazards in Ica, Peru

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Bernal ◽  
Hernando Tavera ◽  
Wilfredo Sulla ◽  
Luz Arredondo ◽  
Javier Oyola
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Spectral Ratio ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Inversion Curve ◽  
Multichannel Analysis ◽  
Rock Interface ◽  
The Relationship

We evaluated the influence of the geomorphology of Peru’s Ica Basin on the dynamic response of soils of the city of Ica. We applied five geophysical methods: spectral ratio (H/V), frequency-wavenumber (F-K), multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW), multichannel analysis of microtremor (MAM), and Gravimetric Analysis. Our results indicate that the soils respond to two frequency ranges:F0(0.4–0.8 Hz) andF1(1.0–3.0 Hz). TheF-K, which considers circular arrays, shows two tendencies with a jump between 1.0 and 2.0 Hz. MASW and MAM contribute to frequencies greater than 2.0 Hz. The inversion curve indicates the presence of three layers of 4, 16, and 60 m with velocities of 180, 250, and 400 m/s. The Bouguer anomalies vary between −17.72 and −24.32 mGal and with the spectral analysis we identified two deposits, of 60 m and 150 m of thickness. Likewise, the relationship between the velocities of 400 and 900 m/s, with the frequency = 1.5 Hz, allows us to determine the thickness for the layers of 60 (slightly alluvial to moderately compact) and 150 m (soil-rock interface). These results suggest that the morphology of the Ica Basin plays an important role in the dynamic behavior of the soils to low frequency.

scholarly journals Detection of Cover Collapse Doline and Other Epikarst Features by Multiple Geophysical Techniques, Case Study of Tarimba Cave, Brazil

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2835
Author(s):  
Yawar Hussain ◽  
Rogerio Uagoda ◽  
Welitom Borges ◽  
Renato Prado ◽  
Omar Hamza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Least Square ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Positive Anomaly ◽  
Refraction Tomography ◽  
Collapse Doline

Reliable characterization of the karst system is essential for risk assessment where many associated hazards (e.g., cover-collapse dolines and groundwater pollution) can affect natural and built environments, threatening public safety. The use of multiple geophysical approaches may offer an improved way to investigate such cover-collapse sinkholes and aid in geohazard risk assessments. In this paper, covered karst, which has two types of shallow caves (vadose and fluvial) located in Tarimba (Goias, Brazil), was investigated using various geophysical methods to evaluate their efficiency in the delineation of the geometry of sediments filled sinkhole. The methods used for the investigation were Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Seismic Refraction Survey (SRS), Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT) and the Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) method. The study developed several (2D) sections of the measured physical properties, including P-wave velocity and electrical resistivity, as well as the induced current (because of local bodies). For the analysis and processing of the data obtained from these methods, the following approaches were adopted: ERT inversion using a least-square scheme, Karous-Hjelt filter for VLF-EM data and time-distance curves and Vp cross-sections for the SRS. The refraction data analysis showed three-layered stratigraphy topsoil, claystone and carbonate bedrock, respectively. The findings obtained from ERT (three-layered stratigraphy and sediment-filled doline), as well as VLF-EM (fractured or filled caves as a positive anomaly), were found to be consistent with the actual field conditions. However, the SRS and SRT methods did not show the collapsed material and reached the limited the depth because of shorter profile lengths. The study provides a reasonable basis for the development of an integrated geophysical approach for site characterization of karst systems, particularly the perched tank and collapse doline.

scholarly journals Validation of sensitivity and reliability of GPR and microgravity detection of underground cavities in complex urban settings: Test case of a cellar

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Chromčák ◽  
Michal Grinč ◽  
Jaroslava Pánisová ◽  
Peter Vajda ◽  
Anna Kubová
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Gravitational Effect ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Small Width ◽  
Geological Situation ◽  
Accessibility Issues ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Urban Conditions

Abstract We test here the feasibility of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and microgravity methods in identifying underground voids, such as cellars, tunnels, abandoned mine-workings, etc., in complex urban conditions. For this purpose, we selected a cellar located under a private lot in a residential quarter of the town of Senec in Western Slovakia, which was discovered by chance when a small sinkhole developed on the yard just two meters away from the house. The size of our survey area was limited 1) by the presence of a technical room built at the back of the yard with a staircase leading to the garden, and 2) by the small width of the lot. Therefore the geophysical survey was carried out only in the backyard of the lot as we were not permitted to measure on neighbouring estates. The results from the GPR measurements obtained by the GSSI SIR-3000 system with 400 MHz antenna were visualized in the form of 2D radargrams with the corresponding transformed velocity model of studied cross-sections. Only the profiles running over the pavement next to the house yielded interpretable data because the local geological situation and the regular watering of the lawn covering prevailingly the backyard caused significant attenuation of the emitted GPR signal. The Bouguer gravity map is dominated by a distinctive negative anomaly indicating the presence of a shallow underground void. The quantitative interpretation by means of Euler deconvolution was utilized to validate the depth of the center and location of the cellar. Comparison with the gravitational effect of the cellar model calculated in the in-house program Polygrav shows a quite good correlation between the modelled and observed fields. Only a part of the aerial extent of the anomaly could be traced by the used geophysical methods due to accessibility issues. Nevertheless, the test cellar was successfully detected and interpreted by both methods, thus confirming their applicability in similar environmental and geotechnical applications, even in complex urban conditions.

scholarly journals Determining geophysical responses from burials in graveyards and cemeteries

Geophysics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. B245-B255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry C. Dick ◽  
Jamie K. Pringle ◽  
Kristopher D. Wisniewski ◽  
Jon Goodwin ◽  
Robert van der Putten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Target Detection ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Surface Data ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Graveyards and cemeteries around the world are increasingly designated as full. Therefore, there is a requirement to identify vacant spaces for new burials or to identify existing ones to exhume and then reinter if necessary. Geophysical methods offer a potentially noninvasive target detection solution; however, there has been limited research to identify optimal geophysical detection methods against burial age. We have collected multifrequency (225–900 MHz) ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility surface data over known graves with different burial ages and soil types in three UK church graveyards. Results indicate that progressively older burials are more difficult to detect, but this decrease is not linear and is site specific. Medium- to high-frequency GPR and magnetic susceptibility was optimal in clay-rich soils, medium- to high-frequency GPR and electrical resistivity in sandy soils, and electrical resistivity and low-frequency GPR in coarse sand and pebbly soils, respectively. A multigeophysical technique approach should be used by survey practitioners where grave locations are not known to maximize target detection success. Grave soil and grave cuts are important grave position indicators. Grave headstones were not always located where burials were located. We have determined the value of these techniques in grave detection and could potentially date burials from their geophysical responses.

scholarly journals Using Ground Penetrating Radar to Reveal Hidden Archaeology: The Case Study of the Württemberg-Stambol Gate in Belgrade (Serbia)

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Ristić ◽  
Miro Govedarica ◽  
Lara Pajewski ◽  
Milan Vrtunski ◽  
Željko Bugarinović
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Ground Penetrating

This paper presents the results of a research study where ground penetrating radar (GPR) was successfully used to reveal the remains of the Württemberg-Stambol Gate in the subsurface of Republic Square, in Belgrade, Serbia. GPR investigations were carried out in the context of renovation works in the square, which involved rearranging traffic control, expanding the pedestrian zone, renewing the surface layer, and valorising existing archaeological structures. The presence of the gate remains was suggested by historical documents and information from previous restoration works. A pulsed radar unit was used for the survey, with antennas having 200- and 400-MHz central frequencies. Data were recorded over a grid and two three-dimensional models were built, one for each set of antennas. The grid was the same for both sets of antennas, therefore the two models could be compared. Several horizontal cross sections of the models were plotted, corresponding to different depths; these images were carefully examined and interpreted, paying particular attention to signatures that could originate from the sought archaeological structures. Reflections coming from the gate remains were identified in both models, in the same region of the survey area and at the same depth; the geometry, size, and layout of the gate columns, as well as of other construction elements belonging to the gate, were determined with very good accuracy. Based on the GPR findings, archaeological excavation works were carried out in the region where the foundation remains were estimated to be. The presence of the remains was confirmed, with various columns and side walls. This case study demonstrates and further corroborates the effectiveness and reliability of GPR for the non-invasive prospection of archaeological structures hidden in the heterogeneous subsurface of urban environments. In the opinion of the authors, GPR should be incorporated as a routine field procedure in construction and renovation projects involving historical cities.

Spatial relationship between clay content and geophysical data

Clay Minerals ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. de Benedetto ◽  
A. Castrignanò ◽  
D. Sollitto ◽  
F. Modugno
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Soil Features ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Soil Surveys ◽  
Non Destructive

AbstractAn important attribute for soil use is clay content, because it affects the water-holding capacity and hydraulic properties of a soil. Soil surveys are time-consuming, labour-intensive and costly, while geophysical methods, such as Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), offer a non-invasive and non-destructive approach to mapping soil features. The objective of this paper is to assess the spatial relationship between clay content and geophysical data. The EMI and GPR data and soil cores were collected and analysed in a field of about 3 ha size in Rutigliano, Bari, in SE Italy. The EMI data and clay contents were interpolated using ordinary cokriging. The GPR data were pre-processed and the envelope of the filtered GPR data was used to produce 3Dmaps of the kriged estimates. The correlation with clay content was large and positive for EMI, whereas it was negative for the GPR measurement. In this work, a combination of geostatistical and statistical analysis has shown a significant correlation between the EMI and GPR observations. Estimation of the mathematical function relating these two groups of variables requires a multivariate approach of non-stationary geostatistics.

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