scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variation of Groundwater Arsenic in Pampanga, Philippines

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2366
Author(s):  
Kurt Louis B. Solis ◽  
Reygie Q. Macasieb ◽  
Roel C. Parangat ◽  
Augustus C. Resurreccion ◽  
Joey D. Ocon
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Hydride Generation ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference

Several confirmed cases of arsenic (As) poisoning have been reported in Central Luzon, the Philippines, in recent years. There is a growing interest in As research in the Philippines due to the reported As poisoning cases. However, an extensive spatiotemporal As study has not been conducted. In this work, As concentration measurements were conducted in 101 wells in Guagua, Pampanga, in Central Luzon, the Philippines, from November 2018 to November 2019. The wells included 86 public hand pumps, 10 pumping stations, and 5 private, jet-powered pumps. Using hydride generation—inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectroscopy (HG-ICP-OES), analysis of the wells in 12 barangays in Guagua revealed that 38.7% had average As concentrations beyond the 10 ppb limit with some wells having high Mn (4.0 ppm) and Fe (2.0 ppm) content as well. The high pH and reducing conditions in the wells in Guagua may have contributed to the persistence of As in the groundwater. The mean difference in wet season versus dry season As measurements were −4.4 (As < 10 ppb), −13.2 (10 to 50 ppb As), and −27.4 (As > 50 ppb). Eighty-three wells (82.2%) had higher As concentrations in the dry season, 8 wells (7.92%) had higher As concentrations in the wet season, 7 wells (6.93%) had no significant difference between the wet and dry season, and 3 wells had been decommissioned. These results indicate that there is a significant difference in As concentrations in the wet and dry seasons, and this could have implications in water treatment technology and policy implementation. The work resulted in the first year-long characterization of groundwater As in the Philippines.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study Between Conventional ICP-OES and the Innovative PLS Model-Assisted ICP-OES for the Assay of Trace Elements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel M Michael ◽  
Ahmed A Mohamed ◽  
Yousef A Abdelaziz ◽  
Nesma M Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Flame Emission ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract Background Inductively coupled plasma is widely used for elemental analysis with the advantage of being eco-friendly since the discharge is free of contaminants. Objective A rapid, novel method was developed for the quantitation of trace elements using inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectrometry.This method has the advantage of simultaneous calibration compared to the conventional method. Method The assay was carried out for iron, copper, zinc, and molybdenum using the linear regression model partial least-squares. Results The method was optimized and validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, showing highly accurate and precise results. The linearity range was 0.25–4 ppm for all trace elements under investigation. The method was applied for the assay of the cited elements in non-chelated and amino acid chelated multi-mineral preparations in the Egyptian market with acceptable mean percent recovery. Conclusions In comparison with the official method by flame emission, statistical analysis showed no significant difference with Student’s t-test and F-values. Highlights Inductively coupled plasma is superior as all of the elements can be measured simultaneously. The method was found to have a high degree of specificity and can be easily applied in routine elemental analysis in laboratories.

scholarly journals Iron Redistribution Upon Thermokarst Processes in the Yedoma Domain

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Monhonval ◽  
Jens Strauss ◽  
Elisabeth Mauclet ◽  
Catherine Hirst ◽  
Nathan Bemelmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Amorphous Oxides ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Lake Formation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Flooding Events

Ice-rich permafrost has been subject to abrupt thaw and thermokarst formation in the past and is vulnerable to current global warming. The ice-rich permafrost domain includes Yedoma sediments that have never thawed since deposition during the late Pleistocene and Alas sediments that were formed by previous thermokarst processes during the Lateglacial and Holocene warming. Permafrost thaw unlocks organic carbon (OC) and minerals from these deposits and exposes OC to mineralization. A portion of the OC can be associated with iron (Fe), a redox-sensitive element acting as a trap for OC. Post-depositional thaw processes may have induced changes in redox conditions in these deposits and thereby affected Fe distribution and interactions between OC and Fe, with knock-on effects on the role that Fe plays in mediating present day OC mineralization. To test this hypothesis, we measured Fe concentrations and proportion of Fe oxides and Fe complexed with OC in unthawed Yedoma and previously thawed Alas deposits. Total Fe concentrations were determined on 1,292 sediment samples from the Yedoma domain using portable X-ray fluorescence; these concentrations were corrected for trueness using a calibration based on a subset of 144 samples measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after alkaline fusion (R2 = 0.95). The total Fe concentration is stable with depth in Yedoma deposits, but we observe a depletion or accumulation of total Fe in Alas deposits, which experienced previous thaw and/or flooding events. Selective Fe extractions targeting reactive forms of Fe on unthawed and previously thawed deposits highlight that about 25% of the total Fe is present as reactive species, either as crystalline or amorphous oxides, or complexed with OC, with no significant difference in proportions of reactive Fe between Yedoma and Alas deposits. These results suggest that redox driven processes during past thermokarst formation impact the present-day distribution of total Fe, and thereby the total amount of reactive Fe in Alas versus Yedoma deposits. This study highlights that ongoing thermokarst lake formation and drainage dynamics in the Arctic influences reactive Fe distribution and thereby interactions between Fe and OC, OC mineralization rates, and greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals ICP/XRF Analysis for Trace Elements in Soil Samples from Gezira and Suki Schemes, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Marwa M Adam ◽  
Mustafa M Osman ◽  
Ahmed Salih Elhag ◽  
Mohamed A Elsheikh
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

In the present study, soil samples have been collected from two different agriculture areas: Gezira and Suki schemes in Sudan, The elemental concentrations for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb have been determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The accuracy of measurements has been investigated by using ISE (PT) 1&4 and fortified samples for ICP, IAEA-Soil-7 XRF, respectively. A good agreement was found between certified and measured values. The average elemental concentrations by ICP of these elements Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb in loc1 were found as follows: 84.7, 48.15, 33.5, 65.43, and 12.57 ppm, respectively. While the results obtained in loc2 were found as follows: 105, 65.1, 41.3, 55.4, and 12.74 ppm, respectively. The average elemental concentrations by XRF of these elements Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb in loc1 were found as follows: 77.21, 43.72, 27.62, 86.96, and 18.74 ppm, respectively. While the results obtained in loc2 were found as follows: 123.33, 57.41, 35.99, 98.85, and 16.43 ppm, respectively. A statistical test (t-test) was applied to the data of both methods without any significant difference between the two techniques. The results obtained were compared to WHO permissible limits. Correlations between different elements were performed. Hierarchical cluster analysis was done for the data. The average elemental concentrations were calculated and compared with data from the literature. 

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