scholarly journals Assessing Water Literacy: Undergraduate Student Conceptions of Groundwater and Surface Water Flow

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Nicole D. LaDue ◽  
Jessica R. Ackerman ◽  
Dylan Blaum ◽  
Thomas F. Shipley
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Groundwater Movement ◽  
Surface Water Flow ◽  
Water Literacy ◽  
Large Research

Given the importance of fresh water, we investigated undergraduate students’ understanding of water flow and its consequences. We probed introductory geology students’ pre-instruction knowledge using a classroom management system at two large research-intensive universities. Open-ended clicker questions, where students click directly on diagrams using their smart device (e.g., cell phone, tablet) to respond, probed students’ predictions about: (1) groundwater movement and (2) velocity and erosion in a river channel. Approximately one-third of students correctly identified groundwater flow as having lateral and vertical components; however, the same number of students identified only vertical components to flow despite the diagram depicting enough topographic gradient for lateral flow. For rivers depicted as having a straight channel, students correctly identified zones of high velocity. However, for curved river channels, students incorrectly identified the inside of the bend as the location of greatest erosion and highest velocity. Systematic errors suggest that students have mental models of water flow that are not consistent with fluid dynamics. The use of students’ open-ended clicks to reveal common errors provided an efficient tool to identify conceptual challenges associated with the complex spatial and temporal processes that govern water movement in the Earth system.

The Influence of Land Roughness to Irrigation Efficiency Based on SIRMOD Model of Border Irrigation of Wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3640-3644
Author(s):  
He Xiang Zheng ◽  
Xue Song Cao ◽  
Jia Bin Wu ◽  
Jian Cheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Movement Process ◽  
Surface Water Flow

Land roughness is an important parameter of border irrigation in the surface water flow movement, it affects of the water movement process and affects irrigation efficiency, so it’s necessary combined with field surface other parameters to study irrigation field roughness to the irrigation efficiency. Agreement is good between simulated by SIRMOD model and measured values​​ through field trials the measured data of water flow advance and regression process, and indicating with SIRMOD model can simulate border irrigation process. Four kinds of typical field surface roughness of irrigation simulation by SIRMOD model and analysis of the results obtained: land roughness difference of water flow advance and regression process influence significantly, the water flow advance and regression process is better with the small land roughness, and the curve of water flow advance and regression becomes uneven, so irrigation efficiency significant reduction with the field surface roughness increases.

A geophysical and geotechnical study to determine the hydrological regime of the Central Manitoba gold mine tailings deposit

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Sherriff ◽  
Ian J. Ferguson ◽  
Michael W. Gupton ◽  
Jamie F. VanGulck ◽  
Nikolay Sidenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Discharge Zone ◽  
The South ◽  
Groundwater Movement ◽  
The North ◽  
Surface Water Flow ◽  
Gold Mine Tailings

Extraction of gold from quartz–carbonate shear zones has left a barren deposit of tailings at Central Manitoba mine, which remains unchanged after 70 years. In this study, the shape of the basin, the groundwater and surface water flow regime, and the electrical conductivity of the tailings have been delineated using a combination of geotechnical, geophysical, and geochemical techniques. Groundwater and surface water flow from the north–south-fractured bedrock outwards to the east and west. A component of upward groundwater movement in the deposit is due to evaporation in hot, dry summers, limited recharge from precipitation, and the tailings basin being a local groundwater discharge zone. Electromagnetic surveys indicate that the thickness of the tailings and underlying peat bog material increases from ∼1 m at the south of the tailings to ∼5 m at the north. The surveys provided an effective way of mapping the spatial distribution of acidic pore fluids and associated increased salinity. Zones of acidification, occurring mainly on the south side of the tailings, support the hypothesis that acidification is due to differential settling during the initial discharge of carbonate and sulfide minerals.

scholarly journals Sediment Transport and Water Flow Resistance in Alluvial River Channels: Modified Model of Transport of Non-Uniform Grain-Size Sediments

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2038
Author(s):  
Gennady Gladkov ◽  
Michał Habel ◽  
Zygmunt Babiński ◽  
Pakhom Belyakov
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Empirical Modeling ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Channel Deformations ◽  
East European

The paper presents recommendations for using the results obtained in sediment transport simulation and modeling of channel deformations in rivers. This work relates to the issues of empirical modeling of the water flow characteristics in natural riverbeds with a movable bottom (alluvial channels) which are extremely complex. The study shows that in the simulation of sediment transport and calculation of channel deformations in the rivers, it is expedient to use the calculation dependences of Chézy’s coefficient for assessing the roughness of the bottom sediment mixture, or the dependences of the form based on the field investigation data. Three models are most commonly used and based on the original formulas of Meyer-Peter and Müller (1948), Einstein (1950) and van Rijn (1984). This work deals with assessing the hydraulic resistance of the channel and improving the river sediment transport model in a simulation of riverbed transformation on the basis of previous research to verify it based on 296 field measurements on the Central-East European lowland rivers. The performed test calculations show that the modified van Rijn formula gives the best results from all the considered variants.

scholarly journals A Novel Physically Based Distributed Model for Irrigation Districts’ Water Movement

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
Boyu Mi ◽  
Haorui Chen ◽  
Shaoli Wang ◽  
Yinlong Jin ◽  
Jiangdong Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Groundwater Movement ◽  
Irrigation Districts ◽  
Physically Based

The water movement research in irrigation districts is important for food production. Many hydrological models have been proposed to simulate the water movement on the regional scale, yet few of them have comprehensively considered processes in the irrigation districts. A novel physically based distributed model, the Irrigation Districts Model (IDM), was constructed in this study to address this problem. The model combined the 1D canal and ditch flow, the 1D soil water movement, the 2D groundwater movement, and the water interactions among these processes. It was calibrated and verified with two-year experimental data from Shahaoqu Sub-Irrigation Area in Hetao Irrigation District. The overall water balance error is 2.9% and 1.6% for the two years, respectively. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) of water table depth and soil water content is 0.72 and 0.64 in the calibration year and 0.68 and 0.64 in the verification year. The results show good correspondence between the simulation and observation. It is practicable to apply the model in water movement research of irrigation districts.

Comparison of surface water flow simulation over structured and unstructured grids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivedhitha Ajithkumar ◽  
Prabhakar Alok Verma ◽  
Frank B. Osei ◽  
Hari Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Unstructured Grids ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Surface Water Flow

scholarly journals A Framework for Implementing Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences (CUREs) in Freshman Biology Labs

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 448-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arundhati Bakshi ◽  
Lorelei E. Patrick ◽  
E. William Wischusen
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Research University ◽  
Undergraduate Research ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Implementation Barriers ◽  
Research Experiences ◽  
Undergraduate Research Experiences ◽  
Widespread Implementation ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
Large Research

There have been many calls to make research experiences available to more undergraduate students. One way to do this is to provide course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs), but providing these on a scale large enough to accommodate many students can be a daunting undertaking. Indeed, other researchers have identified time to develop materials and course size as significant barriers to widespread implementation of CUREs. Based on our own experiences implementing CUREs at a large research university, we present a flexible framework that we have adapted to multiple research projects, share class materials and rubrics we have developed, and suggest logistical strategies to lower these implementation barriers.

scholarly journals Computing water flow through complex landscapes – Part 2: Finding hierarchies in depressions and morphological segmentations

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-445
Author(s):  
Richard Barnes ◽  
Kerry L. Callaghan ◽  
Andrew D. Wickert
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Terrain Analysis ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Topographic Complexity ◽  
Morphological Segmentation ◽  
Surface Water Flow ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract. Depressions – inwardly draining regions of digital elevation models – present difficulties for terrain analysis and hydrological modeling. Analogous “depressions” also arise in image processing and morphological segmentation, where they may represent noise, features of interest, or both. Here we provide a new data structure – the depression hierarchy – that captures the full topologic and topographic complexity of depressions in a region. We treat depressions as networks in a way that is analogous to surface-water flow paths, in which individual sub-depressions merge together to form meta-depressions in a process that continues until they begin to drain externally. This hierarchy can be used to selectively fill or breach depressions or to accelerate dynamic models of hydrological flow. Complete, well-commented, open-source code and correctness tests are available on GitHub and Zenodo.

scholarly journals Monitoring infiltration and subsurface stormflow in layered slope deposits with 3D ERT and hydrometric measurements – the capillary barrier effect as crucial factor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rico Hübner ◽  
Thomas Günther ◽  
Katja Heller ◽  
Ursula Noell ◽  
Arno Kleber
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Barrier Effect ◽  
Capillary Barrier ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Layered Slope ◽  
Slope Deposits ◽  
Flow Pathways

Abstract. Identifying principles of water movement in the shallow subsurface is crucial for adequate process-based hydrological models. Hillslopes are the essential interface for water movement in catchments. The shallow subsurface on slopes typically consist of different layers with varying characteristics. The aim of this study was to draw conclusion about the infiltration behaviour, to identify water flow pathways and derive general validity about the water movement on a hillslope with periglacial slope deposits (cover beds), where the layers differ in their sedimentological and hydrological properties. Especially the described varying influence of the basal layer (LB) as impeding layer on the one hand and as a remarkable pathway for rapid subsurface stormflow on the other. We used a time lapse 3D ERT approach combined with punctual hydrometric data to trace the spreading and the progression of an irrigation plume in layered slope deposits during two irrigation experiments. This multi-technical approach enables us to connect the high spatial resolution of the 3D ERT with the high temporal resolution of the hydrometric devices. Infiltration through the uppermost layer was dominated by preferential flow, whereas the water flow in the deeper layers was mainly matrix flow. Subsurface stormflow due to impeding characteristic of the underlying layer occurs in form of "organic layer interflow" and at the interface to the first basal layer (LB1). However, the main driving factor for subsurface stormflow is the formation of a capillary barrier at the interface to the second basal layer (LB2). The capillary barrier prevents water from entering the deeper layer under unsaturated conditions and diverts the seepage water according to the slope inclination. With higher saturation the capillary barrier breaks down and water reaches the highly conductive deeper layer. This highlights the importance of the capillary barrier effect for the prevention or activation of different flow pathways under variable hydrological conditions.

scholarly journals Validation of the STRIVE model for coupling ecological processes and surface water flow

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-759
Author(s):  
L. De Doncker ◽  
P. Troch ◽  
R. Verhoeven ◽  
K. Buis ◽  
P. Meire
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Surface Water Flow ◽  
Quality Aspects

The 1D model package STRIVE is verified for simulating the interaction between ecological processes and surface water flow. The model is general and can be adapted and further developed according to the research question. The hydraulic module, based on the Saint-Venant equations, is the core part. The presence of macrophytes influences the water quality and the discharge due to the flow resistance of the river, expressed by Manning's coefficient, and allows an ecological description of the river processes. Based on the advection–dispersion equation, water quality parameters are incorporated and modelled. Calculation of the water quantity parameters, coupled with water quality and inherent validation and sensitivity analysis, is the main goal of this research. An important study area is the River Aa near Poederlee (Belgium), a lowland river with a wealth of vegetation growth, where discharge and vegetation measurements are carried out on a regular basis. The developed STRIVE model shows good and accurate calculation results. The work highlights the possibility of STRIVE to model flow processes, water quality aspects and ecological interaction combined and separately. Coupling of discharges, water levels, amount of biomass and tracer values provides a powerful prediction modelling tool for the ecological behaviour of lowland rivers.

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